Notes

Rethinking the particular environmental individuals regarding hominin progression.
BChe levels were lower in OSCC (2940.32-1405.50 u/l when compared with controls (11149.60-11243.07 unit/l) and this difference was statistically significant. Postoperatively at 3 months, the serum BChe levels of OSCC patients increased almost two-fold compared to the preoperative values, and this difference was also statistically significant (P = 0.000) After 6 months, these levels further increased but did not reach those of controls.

BChe can be used as an inexpensive, easy to use, noninvasive biomarker for the evaluation of disease-free survival in OSCC patients.
BChe can be used as an inexpensive, easy to use, noninvasive biomarker for the evaluation of disease-free survival in OSCC patients.
The purpose of this study was to correlate treatment response with tumor blood perfusion in patient of advanced head-and-neck cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

A total of 40 patients of advanced head-and-neck cancer, who were planned for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were included in the study. All patients underwent diagnostic computed tomography (CT) with perfusion study for staging and quantitative measurement of tumor volume as well as perfusion parameters (including tumor blood volume, blood flow, permeability, and time to peak enhancement), at baseline and after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Total 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5 fluorouracil were given. Tumor response was evaluated in terms of change in tumor volume and correlated with perfusion parameters.

Out of 40 patients, 22 patients had more than 50% reduction in tumor volume, who were grouped as responder and remaining 18 patients had <50% decrease in tumor volume, grouped as nonresponder. Both the groups were similar in terms of age, gender, performance status, stage, nodal status, or addiction. Baseline CT scan shows a significant difference in tumor blood flow (P = 0.048) and marginal difference in time to peak enhancement (P = 0.058) in two groups. However, there is no difference in tumor blood volume (P = 0.32) and permeability surface area (P = 0.07).

Evaluation of tumor blood flow by perfusion CT is helpful in predicting chemotherapy outcome and deciding appropriate treatment modality, but further evaluation with more number of patients is required for validating the predictive role of each perfusion parameters.
Evaluation of tumor blood flow by perfusion CT is helpful in predicting chemotherapy outcome and deciding appropriate treatment modality, but further evaluation with more number of patients is required for validating the predictive role of each perfusion parameters.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The prognosis of the malignancy and patient survival is commonly poor. Therefore, the discovery of pertinent biomarkers is essential to provide an accurate diagnosis and effective therapy. Newly, a group of noncoding RNAs named long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been found to involve in CRC development and progression. In this review, we highlighted the biological function of lncRNAs and reviewed their potentials as clinical tools in the CRC. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library using the MeSH terms "CRC," "long noncoding RNA," "lncRNA," and relevant was completed. The review included all articles that reported on the significance and role of lncRNAs in CRC development and clinical settings. All identified articles were cross-referenced for further articles, and any unavailable online were retrieved from hardcopy archive libraries. CRC-related lncRNAs could regulate a number of cellular processes, and their dysregulations have been suggested as potential biomarkers.Thyroid paragangliomas are distinctly rare primary thyroid neoplasms with nearly 75 cases reported worldwide. read more Due to their similar embryological origin and cytohistomorphology with other thyroid neoplasms, they may pose great diagnostic challenges for pathologists, radiologists, endocrinologists, as well as surgeons leading to unnecessary aggressive therapy. With recent advances in molecular genetics, the prognostic significance of such seemingly innocuous thyroid neoplasms has been better understood. In this manuscript, we describe such a case and present a systematic review of all reported cases till date giving an update on our current knowledge regarding their diagnostic pitfalls, pathology, and molecular genetics.Mucositis is a frequent, severe consequence of radiation therapy among patients undergoing radiotherapy for the head-and-neck cancer, often requiring hospitalization and even breaks or discontinuity in treatment. Mouth rinsing with various agents has demonstrated effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced mucositis (OM), but evidence for the same is lacking. This systematic review is therefore conducted with the aim of assessing the evidence for the effectiveness of mouthrinses in prevention and treatment of OM. Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines were followed to conduct this review. Six databases were searched and a total of 25 randomized clinical trials published over a period of the past 31 years were included for qualitative synthesis. Analysis of 25 studies revealed that 1299 participants, aged 46-69 years were assigned to the test groups and control groups. A total of 16 different formulations were studied among patients over a duration of 6 days to 1 year in varying dosages. The overall preventive fraction ranged from 1.9% to 77.8% for a reduction in clinical grades of mucositis, 7.6%-83.3% for a reduction in pain and 20%-50% for a reduction in bacterial counts. Adverse effects such as mouth burning, altered taste, sore throat, have been reported, especially with chlorhexidine and benzydamine hydrochloride. Evidence for the included studies is IC and ID. Studies using herbal based products and tissue regenerating agents revealed comparatively better effectiveness with lesser side effects. However, the number of studies to support such a claim is very limited.
The choice of a postgraduate specialization in medicine is influenced by many factors. What motivates students to take up pathology as a career option or to reject the same remains unexplored. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of medical students from a college in southern India regarding the role played by pathologists in clinical practice and how this influenced their choice of pathology as a career.

This qualitative study conducted personal interviews with 15 participants (13 undergraduates and 2 postgraduates in pathology) using a semi-structured interview guide. The data were transcribed and thematically analysed.

Although most of the participants acknowledged that pathologists play an important role in diagnosis, they were of the view that pathologists have minimal patient contact and do not play the main role in treating patients. They were also of the opinion that the undergraduate course and curriculum in pathology was inadequate in exposing them to the actual practice of pathology.
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