Notes

Making up not-at-random missingness via imputation piling.
Net house and field experiments have suggested that among all the biotic agents studied, bio-priming of rice seeds with B. subtilis has protected the photosynthetic machinery of plants from being damaged by BB without having any detrimental effect on rice grain yield.
Two parallel cannulated screws along with an anterior wire to construct a tension band is a popular approach in transverse patellar fractures. However, the optimal screw proximity, either deep or superficial screw placements, remains controversial. Hence, a new concept of the addition of a third screw to form a triangular configuration along with the original two parallel screws was proposed in this study. Therefore, the biomechanical effect of the additional third screw on the stability of the fractured patella was investigated with finite element (FE) simulation.

An FE knee model including the distal femur, proximal tibia, and fractured patella (type AT/OTA 34-C) was developed in this study. Four different screw configurations, including two parallel cannulated screws with superficial (5-mm proximity) and deep (10-mm proximity) placements and two parallel superficial screws plus a third deep screw, and two parallel deep screws plus a third superficial screw, with or without the anterior wire, were consiximity), particularly when an anterior wire was not used. Furthermore, the third screw deeply placed is not recommended in a fractured patella with two parallel superficial screws.
Based on the results, a third cannulated screw superficially placed (5-mm proximity) is recommended to increase stability and maintain contact of the fractured patella, fixed with two parallel cannulated screws deeply placed (10-mm proximity), particularly when an anterior wire was not used. Furthermore, the third screw deeply placed is not recommended in a fractured patella with two parallel superficial screws.
The 2013 updated guidelines on management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children recommends the support of exclusive breastfeeding. These guidelines are inconsistently applied in low and middle income countries (LMICs) due to barriers including unclear implementation guides, technical support and epidemiological factors. Peer support strategies have been used to offer psychological support to families with infants in NICU and improve mental health outcomes. Breastfeeding peer supporters (BFPS) have been shown to be effective in improving breastfeeding outcomes in community settings however, their success within hospital settings in LMICs is unknown. We conducted a scoping review to explore implementation of breastfeeding peer support strategies as have been applied to hospitalized infants globally and highlight their implementation strategies in order to guide future research and practice.

A scoping review of the literature was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search was se potentially lifesaving interventions.
Older adults are one of the most susceptible populations to depression, especially those living in low- and middle-income countries. LAscorbicacid2phosphatesesquimagnesium As well, they are also considering a risk group for vitamin D deficiency. Low serum vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of brain neuropsychiatry disorders. We aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and depressive symptoms in adults aged 60 years and over from southern Brazil.

A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data collected during 2013-2014 from the populational-based longitudinal EpiFloripa Aging Study (n= 1197). Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations were analyzed and classified according to the Endocrine Society reference values [sufficiency (≥ 30 ng/mL), insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL), and deficiency (≤ 20 ng/mL)]. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (15-item GDS). Logistic regression was performed to assess depressive symptoms in each vitamin D catecalciferol deficiency was positively associated with depressive symptoms in older adults from southern Brazil.
Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol deficiency was positively associated with depressive symptoms in older adults from southern Brazil.
Metabolic disorders are heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that are responsible for significant neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In developing countries like Pakistan where infant mortality is high current population based studies are unable to gauge contribution of metabolic disorders in causing mortality and morbidity. It is essential to address this gap by a review of available scattered Pakistani data related to metabolic disorders specifically congenital hypothyroidism and inborn error of metabolism to calculate probable burden of these disorders.

Unfortunately currently in Pakistan newborn screening which identifies these illnesses at birth as a preventive strategy are not available. For current review data was collected through a systematic search of published articles (including data related to screening in certain subgroups of patients admitted to pediatric/neonatal intensive care units, patients with developmental delay/mental retardation).

The primary aim of this review was to get an estimate of the disease burden in the Pakistani population as true prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism and Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Pakistan is not available. This systematic review will help us to identify the rough idea about the scale of problem in Pakistan.
The primary aim of this review was to get an estimate of the disease burden in the Pakistani population as true prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism and Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Pakistan is not available. This systematic review will help us to identify the rough idea about the scale of problem in Pakistan.
Treatment of esophageal perforations and postoperative anastomotic leaks of the upper gastrointestinal tract remains a challenge. Endoluminal vacuum-assisted closure (E-Vac) therapy has positively contributed, in recent years, to the management of upper gastrointestinal tract perforations by using the same principle of vacuum-assisted closure therapy of external wounds. The aim is to provide continuous wound drainage and to promote tissue granulation, decreasing the needed time to heal with a high rate of leakage closure.

A series of two different cases with clinical and radiological diagnosis of esophageal fistulas, recorded from 2018 to 2019 period at our institution, is presented. The first one is a case of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy for cancer complicated by pleuro-mediastinal abscess, while the second one is a leak of an esophageal suture, few days after resection of a bronchogenic cyst perforated into the esophageal lumen. Both cases were successfully treated with E-Vac therapy.

Our experience shows the usefulness of E-Vac therapy in the management of anastomotic and non-anastomotic esophageal fistulas. Further research is needed to better define its indications, to compare it to traditional treatments and to evaluate its long-term efficacy.
Our experience shows the usefulness of E-Vac therapy in the management of anastomotic and non-anastomotic esophageal fistulas. Further research is needed to better define its indications, to compare it to traditional treatments and to evaluate its long-term efficacy.
Trypanosoma cruzi - the causative agent of Chagas disease - is known to circulate in commensal pests, but its occurrence in urban environments is not well understood. We addressed this deficit by determining the distribution and prevalence of T. cruzi infection in urban populations of commensal and wild rodents across New Orleans (Louisiana, USA). We assessed whether T. cruzi prevalence varies according to host species identity and species co-occurrences, and whether T. cruzi prevalence varies across mosaics of abandonment that shape urban rodent demography and assemblage structure in the city.

Leveraging city-wide population and assemblage surveys, we tested 1428 rodents comprising 5 species (cotton rats, house mice, Norway rats, rice rats and roof rats) captured at 98 trapping sites in 11 study areas across New Orleans including nine residential neighborhoods and a natural area in Orleans Parish and a neighborhood in St. Bernard Parish. We also assayed Norway rats at one site in Baton Rouge (Louisiana, smission and disease risk is greater than is currently recognized. Our findings also suggest that there is disproportionate risk of transmission in historically underserved communities, which could reinforce long-standing socioecological disparities in New Orleans and elsewhere.
Our findings illustrate that T. cruzi can be widespread in urban landscapes, suggesting that transmission and disease risk is greater than is currently recognized. Our findings also suggest that there is disproportionate risk of transmission in historically underserved communities, which could reinforce long-standing socioecological disparities in New Orleans and elsewhere.
Selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion technique was introduced to treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with major thoracolumbar/lumbar curves. Theoretically, this surgical strategy could also be applied to syringomyelia patients. No previous study has specifically addressed the effectiveness of selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion for patients with syringomyelia-associated scoliosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion for the surgical treatment of patients with syringomyelia-associated scoliosis.

From February 2010 to September 2016, 14 syringomyelia-associated patients with major thoracolumbar/lumbar curves were retrospectively reviewed. Besides, 30 Lenke 5C AIS patients were enrolled as a control group. Posterior selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion was performed for both groups. Patients' demographic, operative, radiological, and quality of life data were reviewed with follow-up. Intragroup comparisons were performed for lumbar fusion with satisfactory surgical outcomes. However, the syringomyelia group, on average, required an additional fused segment for treatment as compared to the AIS group (7.6 versus 6.5 in the AIS group).
Similar to AIS cases, syringomyelia-associated scoliosis can be effectively and safely corrected by selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion with satisfactory surgical outcomes. However, the syringomyelia group, on average, required an additional fused segment for treatment as compared to the AIS group (7.6 versus 6.5 in the AIS group).
The amount of propofol needed to induce loss of responsiveness varied widely among patients, and they usually required less than the initial dose recommended by the drug package inserts. Identifying precisely the moment of loss of responsiveness will determine the amount of propofol each patient needs. Currently, methods to decide the exact moment of loss of responsiveness are based on subjective analysis, and the monitors that use objective methods fail in precision. Based on previous studies, we believe that the blink reflex can be useful to characterize, more objectively, the transition from responsiveness to unresponsiveness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the electrically evoked blink reflex and the level of sedation/anesthesia measured with an adapted version of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, during the induction phase of general anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Adding the blink reflex to other variables may allow a more objective assessment of the exact moment of loss of responsiveness and a more personalized approach to anesthesia induction.
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