Notes

The part involving Electrode-Site Position within the Long-Term Stability of Intracortical Microstimulation.
Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are a group of micrometer-scale extracellular vesicles released by platelets upon activation that are responsible for the majority of microvesicles found in plasma. PMPs' physiological properties and functions have long been investigated by researchers. In this regard, a noticeable area of studies has been devoted to evaluating the potential roles and effects of PMPs on cancer progression. Clinical and experimental evidence conflictingly implicates supportive and suppressive functions for PMPs regarding cancer. Many of these functions could be deemed as a cornerstone for future considerations of PMPs usage in cancer targeted therapy. This review discusses what is currently known about PMPs and provides insights for new and possible research directions for further grasping the intricate interplay between PMPs and cancer.Ocular fungal infections affect more than one million people annually worldwide. They can lead to impaired vision or even complete blindness, so they should be treated immediately to prevent such consequences. Although topical administration has always been the most common route of ocular drug delivery owing to high patient acceptance, reduced side effects, and the possibility of self-administration, its limited ocular bioavailability poses a major challenge. As a result, attention has recently been drawn to the design and development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) that can overcome the challenges of conventional dosage forms. This research is the first to review and classify the studies which have designed and developed topical ocular NDDS with the aim to compare the performance and antifungal activity of these novel systems with conventional forms. According to the results, all studies seemed to confirm the superiority of NDDS over conventional forms in cases of released and permeated drug and antifungal activity. The NDDS were used specifically to improve ocular delivery by slowing down the release rate, increasing drug permeation, and subsequently increasing the antifungal effects of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Hence, further studies on NDDS may aid the optimization of ocular drug delivery of antifungal drugs.Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease that has affected mankind. The anti-TB treatment has been used from ancient times to control symptoms of this disease but these medications produced some serious side effects. Herbal products have been successfully used for the treatment of TB. Gold is the most biocompatible metal among all available for biomedical purposes so Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have sought attention as an attractive biosynthesized drug to be studied in recent years for bioscience research. GNPs are used as better catalysts and due to unique small size, physical resemblance to physiological molecules, biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity extensively used for various applications including drug and gene delivery. Greenly synthesized GNPs have much more potential in different fields because phytoconstituents used in GNP synthesis itself act as reducing and capping agents and produced more stabilized GNPs. This review is devoted to a discussion on GNPs synthesis with herbs for TB. The main focus is on the role of the natural plant bio-molecules involved in the bioreduction of metal salts during the GNPs synthesis with phytoconstituents used as antitubercular agents.As many investigations have reported, there is a complicated relation between fermented foods, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and human health. It seems that bioactive components such as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics are key mediators of the complex and direct association between these factors. LAB activity in the matrix of fermented foods and improving their growth by prebiotic compounds ultimately results in the production of bioactive molecules (postbiotics), which possess specific biological and physiological properties. The term "postbiotics" refers to a complex of biological micro- and macromolecules, if consumed in adequate amounts, provides the host with different health-promoting effects. Different reports have suggested that postbiotics possess the ability to moderate the effectiveness of cancer treatment and reduce the side-effects of conventional therapies in cancer patients due to their anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Consequently, postbiotics, for their unique characteristics, have gained great scientific attention and are considered as a novel approach for adjuvant therapy in patients with cancer.
Moral distress and moral courage among healthcare professionals have received considerable attention in recent years. Z-VAD-FMK datasheet However, there is a paucity of studies investigating these topics among nurses. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between moral distress and moral courage among nurses in an Iranian sample population.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted during February-December 2018. Corley's Moral Distress (MDS-R) and Sekerka's moral courage scales were used to collect the data. link2 MDS-R is a 21-items scale which includes frequency and intensity ranges from 0 (never) to 4 (very frequently) and 0 (none) to 4 (great extent), respectively. In addition, the moral courage scale contains 15 items ranging from "never true" (1 point) to "always true" (7 points). In total, 225 eligible nurses were entered into this study. Finally, SPSS-16 was used for statistical analysis at the α = 0.05 level.

The mean scores of the frequency and intensity of moral distress and moral courage were 45.41 (95% CI = 43.37-47.45), 44.24 (95% CI = 42.98-45.42), and 59.63 (95% CI = 58.50-60.87), respectively. Eventually, a significant relationship was found between the moral courage and frequency of moral distress (
= 0.46,
< 0.001) and the intensity of moral distress (
= 0.73,
< 0.001).

In general, encouraging healthcare managers and administrators is considered as crucial for developing supportive structures and highly sensitive management which promotes moral courage while reducing moral distress in nurses' work setting.
In general, encouraging healthcare managers and administrators is considered as crucial for developing supportive structures and highly sensitive management which promotes moral courage while reducing moral distress in nurses' work setting.
Medication error is one of the most important and most common events threatening patient safety. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of asynchronous hybrid/blended learning on the rate of medication administration errors of nurses in medical wards.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design in 2019. The participants of this study included 57 clinical nurses working in the medical wards of a selected educational hospital affiliated to Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. The study participants were selected through census method. An asynchronous hybrid/blended learning program was used in this study. Data collection was performed using a two-section researcher-made checklist. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive [Mean (SD)] and inferential (paired sample
-test) statistics in SPSS software. A
value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results showed that the mean score of total errors in medication administration in the medical wards after the intervention was significantly lower than before the intervention; the mean score of errors before and after the study was 61.67 and 50.09, respectively (t
= 11.41,
< 0.001).

Asynchronous hybrid/blended learning as a type of e-learning, simple, relatively inexpensive, and new educational strategy can improve nurses' performance and reduce medication errors.
Asynchronous hybrid/blended learning as a type of e-learning, simple, relatively inexpensive, and new educational strategy can improve nurses' performance and reduce medication errors.
Hemodialysis patients are faced with challenges in carrying out their daily activities. Self-efficacy is a social cognitive concept that can affect behavioral control in these patients. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on physical performance and self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 hemodialysis patients who visited hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in Sari, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the intervention/exercise group received the 8-week exercise program. Patients in the control group received routine care. The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) was used to assess the patients' functional ability and the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) and Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES) were used to assess their self-efficacy before and 2 and 8 weeks after the intervention. For statistical analysis, independent
-test and paired
-test were used.

The comparison of self-efficacy between the exercise group and control group after 8 weeks of intervention showed a significant difference between the groups in terms of the CDSES (F
= 22.92,
< 0.001) and ESES (F
= 10.84,
< 0.001) results. Moreover, the comparison of mean distance walked based on the 6MWT showed significant changes in this variable (F
= 2.05,
= 0.015).

The designed exercise program can improve self-efficacy and physical performance in hemodialysis patients. This intervention is recommended for hemodialysis patients due to its effectiveness, simplicity, and uncomplicated characteristics.
The designed exercise program can improve self-efficacy and physical performance in hemodialysis patients. This intervention is recommended for hemodialysis patients due to its effectiveness, simplicity, and uncomplicated characteristics.
Procrastination in the general population is a prevalent phenomenon. Procrastination in midwives, who are responsible for health care services, can have serious consequences and reduce health care productivity. Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) is believed to reduce procrastination, but few studies have investigated its effectiveness. link3 The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of CBGT on the workplace and decisional procrastination of midwives.

This randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 47 participants who were eligible to participate in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to the CBGT (n = 24) and control (n = 23) groups. The intervention group received 7 sessions of CBGT and the control group received no intervention. Decisional and workplace procrastination were assessed at the pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 2-month follow-up phases. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used for data analysis.

At the posttest and follow-up phases, workplace procrastination (Post-test F
= 11.78,
= 0.001; Follow-up F
= 11.12,
= 0.002), soldiering (Post-test F
= 13.77,
= 0.001; Follow-up F
= 4.15,
= 0.049), cyberslacking (Post-test F
= 4.20,
= 0.047; Follow-up F
= 13.34,
= 0.001), and decisional procrastination (Post-test F
= 6.66,
= 0.014; Follow-up F
= 6.12,
= 0.018) significantly decreased in the CBGT group compared to the control group. CBGT explained 23% of the changes in the total workplace procrastination score and 22% of the changes in the component of soldiering (
< 0.05).

CBGT significantly reduced workplace and decisional procrastination in midwives.
CBGT significantly reduced workplace and decisional procrastination in midwives.
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