Notes

Thermalization functions caused by massive keeping track of in multilevel techniques.
A molecular and morphological analysis of the species of Aclees native to Taiwan allowed for recognition of a new species, that is described here as Aclees aenigmaticus Meregalli Boriani, sp. n. The study also revealed that the species of Aclees that has been introduced into Italy and France has identical morphology and mitochondrial cox-1 gene sequence with specimens of A. taiwanensis from Taiwan. Taiwan is thus assumed to be the country of origin of the specimens introduced into Europe. A key to the species of Aclees present in Taiwan is provided. A lectotype is designated for Aclees foveatus Voss, 1932, and some remarks on A. hirayamai Kôno, 1932 are given. Pagiophloeus visayus Heller, 1929 from the Philippines is transferred to the genus Aclees, comb. n.A new species of Cerambycidae, Miccolamia (Miccolamia) arunachalensis Sreedevi Ghate sp. nov. (Lamiinae Desmiphorini) is described from northeast India. This is the fourth species of Miccolamia from India. Additionally, an updated key to the Indian species is also provided along with comments on related species of the subgenus.The present article summarizes the taxonomy of the lace bug subgenus Tropidocheila Fieber, 1844 of the genus Tingis Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera Heteroptera Tingidae) from Japan. Three species, including a new species, were recognized T. (Tr.) matsumurai Takeya, 1962, T. (Tr.) shaowuana Drake Maa, 1953, and T. (Tr.) yamaboushi sp. nov. The new species was collected from Cornus kousa Buerger ex Hance (Cornaceae) in the deciduous forest of Honshu. An identification key to the species of Tropidocheila from Japan is also presented.Eight unrelated Thysanoptera species are known to be associated with the arid zone plant genus Tamarix [Tamaricaceae]. One new species, Lissothrips hemingi sp.n., is described from Iran based on specimens collected on branches of Tamarix. Liothrips jazykovi Moulton, described from specimens taken on Tamarix, is considered a new synonym of Liothrips reuteri (Bagnall), a widespread species on the foliage of this plant.Trogidae (Coleoptera) is a cosmopolitan family with about 350 described species within five extant genera (Zídek 2013, 2017; Strümpher et al. 2014, 2016; Nikolajev 2016). For South American, three genera are recorded Trox Fabricius, 1775 (Troginae), Omorgus Erichson, 1847 (Omorginae), and Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876 (Omorginae) (Scholtz 1990; Strumpher et al. 2016; Huchet Costa-Silva 2018).Siamitoides carinatus gen. sp. n. is described, based on a male specimen collected on Sumatra. The new genus superficially resembles the Oriental Siamites in the shape of head, which in lateral view is subtriangular, with the highest site above the antennal fossae and the flat vertex gradually declining posterad up to the neck region. Among world Stenichnini, this peculiar shape of the head capsule can be found also in the Oriental Elacatophora, Nearctic Lophioderus, and the extinct Cretaceous Cenomaniola of Myanmar amber deposits. Morphological structures of the new genus are illustrated in detail, and an updated key to the Oriental genera of Stenichnini (excluding subtropical Chinese and Japanese taxa) is given.An overview of the Oriental species of the nominate subgenus of Camptopteroides Viggiani (Hymenoptera Mymaridae) is given. Two new species, C. (Camptopteroides) formosa Manickavasagam Sankararaman sp. n. Selleckchem Pralsetinib from India and C. (Camptopteroides) reducta Triapitsyn sp. n. from Thailand and Malaysia, are described, and C. formosa additionally compared to two unnamed species. The holotype male of the type species of this genus, C. armata Viggiani from Sri Lanka, is diagnosed and illustrated. A key to Old World species of Camptopteroides is provided.Presently, the Neotropical genus Parascepsis Dognin, 1923 is considered monotypic within the Ctenuchina. There are no reviews of a large part of the genera in this subtribe or an approximation to its phylogeny. The material worked with is deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM), and was compared with the original descriptions and the type species of the genus Parascepsis solox Dognin, 1923. The status of Episcepsis ockendeni Rothschild was revised. We propose the current state of Parascepsis to be made up of five species, three of which are new to science, P. lantingi sp. link2 nov., P. ignobilis sp. nov. and P. ingenium sp. nov., proposing also a new combination, P. ockendeni (Rothschild) comb. nov. Redescriptions of Parascepsis solox Dognin and P. ockendeni (Rothschild) are presented, as well as the description of the three new species. Illustrations of adults and genital structures, and distribution maps for Peru are provided for all.Vietnamella chebalingensis Tong, sp. nov. is described based on larval stage from China. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters body purple black with mottled white markings; length of inner pairs of cephalic projection approximately half of the outer pairs; posterior margin of abdominal tergites I-VI and VIII-X each with a pair of pointed projections, but tergite VII bearing only a single projection. The morphological evidence and molecular data (COI, Kimura 2-parameter) support that this new species represents the sixth species of the genus Vietnamella. An identification key to known larvae of the genus Vietnamella is provided.We describe and compare the morphology of the chorion in nine species belonging to five genera of the tribe Anthocharidini (Pieridae Pierinae), from a sample of 12 females with mature eggs, the bibliographic record of oviposited eggs, and photographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The eggs examined come from Mexico, Spain, Brazil and Costa Rica. Its characterization was made considering the main structural features of the chorion in this tribe; it includes a distinction of structures in the apical zone and differentiation between the chorionic regions. We attached to this work sheets, diagrams, and terminology to understand and clarify the descriptions. Our results agree with the proposal of Anthocharidini as the least derived tribe of the Pierinae, considering that Hebomoia, a specialized genus, is not part of it. Tribes such as Leptosiaini, Elodinini or Nepheroniini also have more chorionic characteristics related to more derived tribes of the Pierinae.In our recent publication (Telnov Zorn 2019) we overlooked and did not include Popillia migliaccioi Sabatinelli, 1996, described from "Java", in our checklist and key of Sundaland Popillia species. However, the examination of the holotype of this species deposited in the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (Figs. 1-8) revealed that Popillia migliaccioi is in fact an Afrotropical species, which was already described under the name Popillia maynei Ohaus, 1914. It is obvious that the specimen studied and described by Sabatinelli (1996) is mislabelled and is not from Java (Fig. 8). Unfortunately, the type material of P. maynei, which is housed in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, is on loan indefinitely and was not available for our study (Bernd Jäger, personal communication). However, the original description of P. maynei and the aedeagus as originally figured by Ohaus (1914) (Fig. 9) match habitus and aedeagus of the P. migliaccioi holotype perfectly (Figs. 4-6). Habitus photographs of an additional comparative specimen from Togo (Kloto, III.2015, Don P. Léonard, deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium) are provided for comparison in figs. 10 and 11.A new species of the Indonemoura fujianensis complex of in the genus Indonemoura Baumann 1975 (Plecoptera Nemouridae), I. wangae sp. nov. is described from the Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, Hubei Province of Central China. This new taxon is compared with other related members of the I. fujianensis complex. The female of I. auriformis Li Yang, 2008 is positively associated based on mating pairs recently collected. In the original description, the female of this was erroneously associated and is considered now as an unidentified Indonemoura female herein.Two new species of the genus Scaphidium Olivier from Xizang (Tibet Autonomous Region), China are described 1) S. rhopaliparamerosum sp. nov. [], distinguished by four dark red big fasciae on apical 1/3 and basal 1/3 parts of elytra; and 2) S. russipenne sp. nov. [], distinguished by the unified brownish red colour on elytra. For both new species, we provide descriptions and colour plates of normal light photos for the diagnostic characters habitus in both dorsal and ventral views, an antenna, a prefemur, and the detailed structures of the aedeagus (if male available). Additionally, a new spot pattern of S. formosanum Pic is reported from Yunnan.A new skink of the genus Scincella Mittleman, 1950, from Binh Phuoc Province, southern Vietnam is described based on morphological data, including hemipenial characters, and nucleotide sequences from COI. The following morphological characters diagnose Scincella baraensis sp. link3 nov. relatively small size in adults (snout-vent length up to 49.2 mm); when limbs adpressed, toes do not or just reach fingers; 30 smooth midbody scale rows and dorsal scales not enlarged; 66-70 paravertebral scales; 64-66 ventral scale rows; 7 supralabials, the fifth and sixth below the center of the eye; enlarged temporal scales 1+2; nuchals present; ear with small auricular lobules; 18-20 smooth lamellae beneath toe IV; hemipenis smooth, short, and unforked; dorsum with faint black dots. The new species differs from its congeners by an uncorrected p-distance in COI sequences of at least 16.2%.All four species of the soft scale insect genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera Coccomorpha Coccidae) known from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, are reviewed. For each species, the detailed morphology of the adult female is redescribed from specimens recently collected in the Ryukyu Islands and is compared with previous descriptions. A key to the species of Pulvinaria in the Ryukyu Islands is provided. A table of diagnostic morphological character states of the reviewed species and the type species of the genus, P. vitis (Linnaeus, 1758), is provided for use in future taxonomic revision of the genus; this comparison indicates that all four species of Pulvinaria in this region and the type species of the genus, P. vitis can be distinguished clearly from each other by several diagnostic morphological character states.Biting midges, nematoceran flies family Ceratopogonidae, is represented by more than 6200 valid species. This group is still poorly known and not easy in identification. Structural coloration of insect wings (WIP, or Wing Interference Pattern) is an example of an optical phenomenon called iridescence, which is based on the formation of pigment-free, rainbow colours caused by the interference of white light reflected from transparent or semi-transparent structures. Preliminary results indicate that the structural colouring of the wings of these insects may be helpful in the delimitation of closely related and cryptic species.Neotropical toads from the Rhinella margaritifera species group have been considered a taxonomic puzzle for a long time. Because of the high morphological similarity and an unknown number of undescribed taxa among the species of this group, we did an extensive search for character distribution within all nominal taxa. Herein we describe Rhinella parecis sp. nov. a new species from Southern Brazilian Amazon. We provide a morphological diagnosis, morphometric comparisons with similar species, and a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis on the relationships of the new species. Rhinella parecis sp. nov. is assigned to the R. margaritifera group and differs from others species by snout-vent length ranging 40.7-53.5 mm in males (n=12) and 44.9-54.8 mm in females (n=4), snout rounded in dorsal view, acute with fleshy ridge extending to tip of snout in lateral view, canthal and pre-orbital crests absent, supra-orbital, parietal and supra-tympanic crests present and low, dorsolateral row of tubercles present, bony protrusion at the angle of jaws absent, tympanum evident, vertebral apophyses absent and toes half-webbed.
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