Notes

Ovarian cancer malignancy: epigenetics, medicine resistance, and also further advancement.
Here, we will discuss computational approaches to identify and validate robust biomarkers of changed tissue homeostasis using cell-free, methylated DNA in the circulation. We highlight studies performing genome-wide profiling of cfDNA methylation and those that combine genetic and epigenetic markers to further identify cell-type specific signatures. Finally, we discuss opportunities and current limitations of these approaches for implementation in clinical oncology.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality. Dicycloplatin is a newer generation platinum-based drug that has less side effects than cisplatin and carboplatin. However, its effects in PCa is mixed due to lack of appropriate stratifying biomarkers. Aiming to search for such biomarkers, here, we analyze a group of PCa patients with different responses to dicycloplatin.

We carried out whole-exome sequencing on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and matched leukocyte DNA from 16 PCa patients before treatment with dicycloplatin. We then compared the clinical characteristics, somatic mutations, copy number variants (CNVs), and mutational signatures between the dicycloplatin-sensitive (nine patients) and dicycloplatin-resistant (seven patients) groups and tested the identified mutations, CNV, and their combinations as marker of dicycloplatin response.

The mutation frequency of seven genes (
,
,
,
,
,
, and
) and CNV rate of four genes (
,
,
, and
) were higher in the resistant group than in the sensitive group, while the CNV rate in six genes (
,
,
,
,
, and
) were lower in the resistant group than in the sensitive group. A combination of simultaneous mutation in two genes (
/
or
/
) and deletion of
together were found capable to predict dicycloplatin resistance with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.

We successfully used cfDNA to monitor mutational profiles of PCa and designed an effective composite marker to select patients for dicycloplatin treatment based on their mutational profile.
We successfully used cfDNA to monitor mutational profiles of PCa and designed an effective composite marker to select patients for dicycloplatin treatment based on their mutational profile.Many epidemiological studies have confirmed that ICAM-1 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility of various cancers, but there are relatively few studies on the relationship between ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential role of ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms and the combined effect of SNPs in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in Han women in northern China. This case-control group includes 488 cases of cervical cancer, 684 cases of cervical precancerous lesions, and 510 healthy females. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with the next-generation sequencing method was used for the determination of gene polymorphisms (rs5498, rs3093030, and rs281432). In our study, we divide cervical cancer into two subgroups cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) group and cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC) group. We analyzed the alleles and genotypes of all research subjects using multivariate logistic regression analysis combined with 10,000 permutation tests. In addition, we also analyzed the distribution of haplotypes of the three SNPs in cervical cancer and cervical precancerous lesions. We found that the T allele and the dominant model of rs3093030 were associated with the susceptibility of cervical cancer (p = 0.042, p = 0.040, respectively). However, the significance disappeared after the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p > 0.05). For rs5498, its mutant gene G, the codominant model, and the dominant model could reduce the risk of CAC (p = 0.009, p = 0.028, p = 0.011, respectively). Significant differences remained after Bonferroni correction (p less then 0.05, all). In addition, the frequency of haplotype "CTG" was significantly lower in the CAC group than in the controls. In conclusion, the study suggested that ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms may have a potential role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in the northern Chinese Han population.In recent years, the application of single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has become more and more popular in fields such as biology and medical research. Analyzing scRNA-seq data can discover complex cell populations and infer single-cell trajectories in cell development. Clustering is one of the most important methods to analyze scRNA-seq data. In this paper, we focus on improving scRNA-seq clustering through gene selection, which also reduces the dimensionality of scRNA-seq data. Studies have shown that gene selection for scRNA-seq data can improve clustering accuracy. Therefore, it is important to select genes with cell type specificity. Gene selection not only helps to reduce the dimensionality of scRNA-seq data, but also can improve cell type identification in combination with clustering methods. Here, we proposed RFCell, a supervised gene selection method, which is based on permutation and random forest classification. Selleck Panobinostat We first use RFCell and three existing gene selection methods to select gene sets on 10 scRNA-seq data sets. Then, three classical clustering algorithms are used to cluster the cells obtained by these gene selection methods. We found that the gene selection performance of RFCell was better than other gene selection methods.
Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2C (
) is identified as a candidate gene contributing to the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. However, little is known about whether
plays a role in specific aspects of cognition among older adults. The current study investigated the association of common variants in the
gene with four cognitive domains including memory, visuospatial functioning, processing speed and language among non-demented individuals.

Participants from two ethnic groups, Non-Hispanic White (NHW;
= 537) and Caribbean Hispanic (CH;
= 1,197) from the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project (
study, were included. Genetic association analyses using WHICAP imputed genome-wide data (GWAS) were conducted for the various cognition domains.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) variants in the
gene showed nominally significant associations in all cognitive domains but for different SNPs across both the ethnic groups. In NHW participants, the strongest associations were present for tions among those from different ancestries that should be considered while studying the MEF2C gene.As the most abundant and reversible chemical modification in eukaryotic mRNA, the epitranscriptomic mark N 6-methyladenine (m6A) regulates plant development and stress response. We have previously characterized that ALKBH10B is an Arabidopsis mRNA m6A demethylase and regulates floral transition. However, it is unclear whether ALKBH10B plays a role in abiotic stress response. Here, we found that the expression of ALKBH10B is increased in response to abscisic acid (ABA), osmotic, and salt stress. The alkbh10b mutants showed hypersensitive to ABA, osmotic, and salt stress during seed germination. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of several ABA response genes is upregulated in alkbh10b-1 than that of wild type, indicating ALKBH10B negatively affects the ABA signaling. Furthermore, m6A sequencing showed that ABA signaling genes, including PYR1, PYL7, PYL9, ABI1, and SnRK2.2 are m6A hypermethylated in alkbh10b-1 after ABA treatment. Taken together, our work demonstrated that ALKBH10B negatively modulates ABA response during seed germination in Arabidopsis.ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 (AIF2) is a non-DNA-binding basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor. Here, we demonstrate that AIF2 negatively modulates brassinosteroid (BR)-induced, BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1)-mediated pollen and seed formation. AIF2-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants (AIF2ox) showed defective pollen grains and seed production while two AIF2 knockout mutants, aif2-1 and aif2-1/aif4-1, displayed opposite phenotypes. Genes encoding BZR1-regulated positive factors of seed size determination (SHB1, IKU1, MINI3) were suppressed in AIF2ox and genes for negative factors (AP2 and ARF2) were enhanced. Surprisingly, BZR1-regulated pollen genes such as SPL, MS1, and TDF1 were aberrantly up-regulated in AIF2ox plants. This stage-independent abnormal expression may lead to a retarded and defective progression of microsporogenesis, producing abnormal tetrad microspores and pollen grains with less-effective pollen tube germination. Auxin plays important roles in proper development of flower and seeds genes for auxin biosynthesis such as TCPs and YUCCAs as well as for positive auxin signalling such as ARFs were suppressed in AIF2ox flowers. Moreover, lipid biosynthesis- and sucrose transport-related genes were repressed, resulting in impaired starch accumulation. Contrarily, sucrose and BR repressed ectopic accumulation of AIF2, thereby increasing silique length and the number of seeds. Taken together, we propose that AIF2 is negatively involved in pollen development and seed formation, and that sucrose- and BR-induced repression of AIF2 positively promotes pollen production and seed formation in Arabidopsis.The cell wall of a mature pollen grain is a highly specialized, multilayered structure. The outer, sporopollenin-based exine provides protection and support to the pollen grain, while the inner intine, composed primarily of cellulose, is important for pollen germination. The formation of the mature pollen grain wall takes place within the anther with contributions of cell wall material from both the developing pollen grain as well as the surrounding cells of the tapetum. The process of wall development is complex; multiple cell wall polymers are deposited, some transiently, in a controlled sequence of events. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important agricultural crop, which requires successful fertilization for fruit production as do many other members of the Solanaceae family. Despite the importance of pollen development for tomato, little is known about the detailed pollen gain wall developmental process. Here, we describe the structure of the tomato pollen wall and establish a developmental timeline o cell wall development process was also punctuated by dynamic changes in pectin composition, particularly changes in methyl-esterified and de-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan.
The fight against the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a huge demand of biotechnological, pharmaceutical, research and sanitary materials at unprecedented scales. One of the most urgent demands affects the diagnostic tests. The growing need for rapid and accurate laboratory diagnostic tests requires the development of biotechnological processes aimed at producing reagents able to cope with this demand in a scalable, cost-effective manner, with rapid turnaround times. This is particularly applicable to the antigens employed in serological tests. Recombinant protein expression using plants as biofactories is particularly suitable for mass production of protein antigens useful in serological diagnosis, with a neat advantage in economic terms.

We expressed a large portion of the nucleoprotein (N) derived from SARS-CoV-2 in
plants. After purification, the recombinant N protein obtained was used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human sera.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/LBH-589.html