Notes

Affect regarding Feeding Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat to be able to Broiler Collie breeders in Spiders associated with Immunocompetence, Gastrointestinal, and Bone Rise in Broiler Hen chickens.
Functional results showed a trend of clinical improvement in Group III and II but recovery was poor and never reached up to normal. Histopathological and electron microscopic results showed an incomplete axonal regeneration in Groups II and III. Psychological analyses showed that no outwards signs of stress were present and none of the rats showed paw biting and teeth chattering.

The silicone conduit graft may be an economical and effective alternative to presently available interposition grafts, however for short segments only.
The silicone conduit graft may be an economical and effective alternative to presently available interposition grafts, however for short segments only.
Vertebral artery (VA) may run an anomalous course in congenital craniovertebral junction anomalies. Anomalous VA, though rare, is challenging to handle. An anomalous VA can get injured during exposure of craniovertebral junction, even in the experienced hands.

The objective of this article was to describe the technique of repairing the VA in case of its damage during exposure in the craniovertebral junction (atlantoaxial dislocation [AAD] with basilar invagination [BI]).

The authors describe a case of VA artery injury in a case of severe BI & AAD, which was anomalous and coursing over the joints. Following the repair of injured VA, we proceeded with the surgery (distraction, compression, extension, and reduction [DCER]).

To avoid injury, it is important to always perform a CT 3-D angiogram, perform meticulous dissection under the microscope while exposing the joints, use variable impedance bipolar to control venous bleeding and always expose the side with non-dominant VA first.
To avoid injury, it is important to always perform a CT 3-D angiogram, perform meticulous dissection under the microscope while exposing the joints, use variable impedance bipolar to control venous bleeding and always expose the side with non-dominant VA first.
The extent of resection of eloquent cortex low-grade glioma is improved by intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (IOMRI) which is faced with challenges such as difficulty in automated registration after the MRI and prolongation of operative time.

We describe an easier and foolproof method of resection using bone wax as fiducial.

A young male with right-frontal low-grade glioma anterior and superficial to the motor fibers was operated using IOMRI and awake craniotomy under neuromonitoring. learn more Motor cortex mapping using phase reversal and continuous motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring was used initially followed by continuous sub-cortical suction stimulation for deeper decompression until stimulation was seen. Bone wax in a triangular shape was placed at the suspicious margin and IOMRI was done.

The tumor residue was seen anterior and deeper to the bone wax and removed subsequently.

The use of bone wax as a fiducial can aid in IOMRI-guided resection of eloquent cortex glioma in awake patients.
The use of bone wax as a fiducial can aid in IOMRI-guided resection of eloquent cortex glioma in awake patients.
The success of endoscopic skull base surgery is largely based on the effective repair of the skull base defect. A pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF), described by Hadad-Bassagateguy is the workhorse of contemporary endoscopic skull base repair. We describe a modification in the technique, "double breasting technique," using the bilateral posterior NSF for skull base repair.

In this video article, we describe the technique of harvesting bilateral posterior nasal septal flaps and overlaying the flaps in a double breasting technique to cover the skull base defect. The posterior NSF can be used to cover medium to large skull base defects effectively.

A 40-year-old female patient presented with headache and decreased vision for 2 months. MRI with gadolinium showed a sellar suprasellar lesion with chiasmal compression. Visual field charting showed bitemporal hemianopia. She underwent endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery (binostril approach) and complete excision of tumor. Intraoperatively, there was evidence of arachnoid breach with high flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Sella was repaired with fat, fascia, fibrin glue, and overlaid with the bilateral posterior NSF in a double breasting technique, as described in the video.

The skull base repair was successful, with no CSF leak postoperatively.
The skull base repair was successful, with no CSF leak postoperatively.
Intraoperative neuromonitoring for eloquent cortical lesions is irreplaceable in present-day neurosurgery.

We report a novel technique of combining awake craniotomy with direct cortical stimulation of the motor cortex using the NIM
nerve monitoring system.

A 17-year-old boy presenting with focal motor seizures, diagnosed with left perirolandinc cavernoma, underwent awake craniotomy and complete excision under direct cortical stimulation with NIM monopolar stimulator electrode to locate the motor cortex.

The patient developed transient weakness of handgrip during surgery, which improved by the same day evening. At 3 months follow-up, he could perform all the activities with his dominant right hand.

Cortical stimulation using a nerve monitoring system is a useful technique in case of nonavailability of standard evoked potential monitoring system for motor cortex mapping.
Cortical stimulation using a nerve monitoring system is a useful technique in case of nonavailability of standard evoked potential monitoring system for motor cortex mapping.
There are wide variations reported in the prevalence rates of common neurological disorders in India leading to huge treatment gap. There is no comprehensive systematic review reporting prevalence of common neurological conditions affecting Indians which is essential for developing and aligning health services to meet patient care.

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of epilepsy, dementia, headache, and Parkinson's disease (PD) in India from 1980 to 2019.

We performed a bibliographic systematic search in PubMed and Google Scholar along with manual search for peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies and community-based surveys reporting prevalence of epilepsy, dementia, headache, and PD in India from January 1980 to July 2019. Meta-analysis was performed adopting a random-effects model using "Metafor" package in R.

The systematic review and meta-analysis included 50 studies [epilepsy (n = 22), dementia (n = 19), headache (n = 6), and PD (n = 3)] including a total of 179,1541 participants of which 5,890 were diagnosed with epilepsy, 1,843 with dementia, 914 with headache, and 121 were diagnosed with PD.
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