Notes

Affiliation involving dialysate salt focus as well as interdialytic fat gain within individuals going through double once a week haemodialysis.
To evaluate the laterality of Coats disease by analyzing optical coherence tomography angiography features in affected, fellow, and control eyes.

Patients with Coats disease who underwent optical coherence tomography angiography were retrospectively reviewed. Healthy eyes of age-matched patients served as controls. Automated optical coherence tomography angiography determination of foveal avascular zone size and vascular density of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus was recorded.

Thirty-four patients with Coats disease (13 with bilateral optical coherence tomography angiography) and 24 controls were included. The foveal avascular zone was larger in affected eyes compared with fellow eyes (P = 0.004). Vascular density was decreased in affected eyes compared with fellow eyes in the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus whole images (P = 0.047 and P = 0.007) and in the deep capillary plexus at the fovea (P = 0.001). Vascular density was significantly reduced only in the deep capillary plexus in Stage 1 or 2A patients but in both plexuses in patients with Stage 2B1. No differences were shown on foveal avascular zone and vascular density values between fellow eyes of patients with Coats disease and controls.

The foveal avascular zone is enlarged, and vascular density is decreased in affected eyes with Coats disease, but no differences are seen between fellow and control eyes, confirming the unilateral nature of the disease.
The foveal avascular zone is enlarged, and vascular density is decreased in affected eyes with Coats disease, but no differences are seen between fellow and control eyes, confirming the unilateral nature of the disease.
The purposes of this study were to assess drug interactions between rufinamide and concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and to identify the therapeutic window for rufinamide.

Serum samples (n = 1,531) were obtained from 178 patients (aged 2 to 57 years), and clinical records were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rufinamide (mean observation time, 1,073 ± 846 d).

Rufinamide exhibited linear pharmacokinetics at doses of up to 60 mg/kg (range, 50-3,200 mg/d). Concomitant use of the enzyme-inducing AEDs phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital reduced rufinamide concentrations by 43.4%, 13.2%, and 30.3%, respectively. In contrast, concomitant use of valproate significantly elevated rufinamide concentrations. Clinical response was seen in 41 patients (23.0%), with a median therapeutic concentration (interquartile range) of 20.6 µg/mL (13.3-27.0). There was no difference in the therapeutic concentrations between seizure types, but patients with tonic/atonic seizures tended to have higher rufinamide concentrations. During the study period, adverse events were reported in 64 patients (35.8%), including somnolence, gastrointestinal disorders, dizziness, and irritability/behavior disorders. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that patients administered a concentration greater than 20 µg/mL had an 8.6-fold higher incidence of adverse events.

Therapeutic drug monitoring for rufinamide is clinically useful for predicting drug interactions between rufinamide and concomitant AEDs. When a patient has tonic/atonic seizures, careful titration is required for concentrations greater than 20 µg/mL.
Therapeutic drug monitoring for rufinamide is clinically useful for predicting drug interactions between rufinamide and concomitant AEDs. When a patient has tonic/atonic seizures, careful titration is required for concentrations greater than 20 µg/mL.
Large-scale, prospective, population-based, longitudinal observational study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of incidence, transformation, and reverse transformation of Modic changes (MCs) using T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) lumbar magnetic resonance images (MRI) over a 3-year period.

Although MCs in populational study are considered significant, existing epidemiological evidence is based on cross-sectional studies only.

Overall, 678 subjects (208 men, 470 women, mean age 62.1 ± 12.8 years in 2013) in both 2013 and 2016 surveys were included. The rate of change in Modic Type I (T1W low-intensity, T2W high-intensity), Type II (T1W high, T2W high), and Type III (T1W low, T2W low) at five endplates was analyzed over a 3-year period. An incidence of MC at each level and in the lumbar region was defined as no MC at baseline with signal changes at follow-up. Transformation was defined as Type I or II MC at baseline with conversion at follow-up Type II from Type I or Type III MC but are rare.Level of Evidence 2.
Cohort study.

To study the clinical outcome, complications and subsequent surgery rate of DA for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with DS.

There is still no consensus regarding the treatment approach for LSS with DS.

We performed a retrospectively designed cohort study on prospectively collected data from a single high productive spine surgical center. Results from the Swedish Spine Registry and a local register for complications were used for the analyses. Patients with LSS and DS (>3 mm) who underwent DA during January 2012 to August 2017 were included. Patient reported outcome measures at baseline and 2 years after surgery were analyzed. Complications within 30 days of surgery and all subsequent surgery in the lumbar spine were registered.

We identified and included 346 patients with completed 2-year follow-up registration. At 2-year follow-up there was a significant improvement in all outcome measures. The global assessment success rate for back and leg pain was 68.3% and 67.6% respectively. Forty-one patients had at least 1 intra- or postoperative complication (11.9%). Nine patients (2.6%), underwent subsequent surgery within 2 years of the primary surgery whereof 2 underwent fusion. During the whole period of data collection, that is, as of June 2020, 28 patients had undergone subsequent surgery (8.1%) whereas 8 of them had had 2 surgeries. Fifteen patients underwent fusion.

DA provides good clinical outcome at 2-year follow-up in patients with LSS and DS with low rate of intra- and postoperative complications and subsequent surgery. Our data supports the evidence that DA is effective and safe for LSS with DS.Level of Evidence 3.
DA provides good clinical outcome at 2-year follow-up in patients with LSS and DS with low rate of intra- and postoperative complications and subsequent surgery. Our data supports the evidence that DA is effective and safe for LSS with DS.Level of Evidence 3.
New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with several cardiovascular complications and higher mortality. Several pathophysiological processes such as hypoxia can trigger POAF, but these are sparsely elucidated, and POAF is often asymptomatic. In patients undergoing major gastrointestinal cancer surgery, we aimed to describe the frequency of POAF as automatically estimated and detected via wireless repeated sampling monitoring and secondarily to describe the association between preceding vital sign deviations and POAF.

Patients ≥60 years of age undergoing major gastrointestinal cancer surgery were continuously monitored for up to 4 days postoperatively. Electrocardiograms were obtained every minute throughout the monitoring period. Clinical staff were blinded to all measurements. As for the primary outcome, POAF was defined as 30 consecutive minutes or more detected by a purpose-built computerized algorithm and validated by cardiologists. The primary exposure variable was any episodcancer surgery, and 1 in 3 cases was not detected by the clinical staff (35%; 95% CI, 17-56). POAF was not preceded by vital sign deviations.
South Asians make up a significant portion of global immigration. Immigrants often face challenges when navigating the healthcare system, which can influence their experience during the menopausal transition. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the existing literature on South Asian immigrant women's menopausal experience.

Various electronic databases were systematically searched to identify research articles. Brefeldin A The menopausal experiences of South Asian immigrant women were examined.

A total of 11 studies were included in this scoping review. A variety of physical symptoms were reported, including vasomotor symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms, somatic symptoms, and early onset of menopause. Psychosocial symptoms included anxiety, depression, and decreased memory/concentration. Cultural experiences were both positive and negative, depending on the connotations surrounding menopause. Individual facilitators for a healthy transition included education and employment. Familial barriers included tter understand South Asian immigrant women's menopausal needs and help guide intervention design.
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition associated with estrogen deficiency which leads to decreased bone mineral density and an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Estrogen-based hormone therapy is an integral component of treatment; however, to date the ideal hormone formulation for optimizing bone health has not been established.

To assess the effects of estrogen-based oral contraceptives (OCP) versus hormone therapy (HT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in women with POI.

A systematic review of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted from conception until December 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias for RCTs. The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and adheres to th etiology, treatment regimens and formulations, and risk of bias was high in many of the studies. These results indicate future, larger-scale trials are needed to further understand the optimal hormone therapy for bone density in POI.
This is the first systematic review to include studies that directly compared OCP and HT on bone outcomes in POI. While two studies reported increased lumbar spine BMD with HT, this result was not consistently found across studies. There were important differences in POI etiology, treatment regimens and formulations, and risk of bias was high in many of the studies. These results indicate future, larger-scale trials are needed to further understand the optimal hormone therapy for bone density in POI.
This study aims to psychometrically validate the Turkish version of the Vulvovaginal Symptom Questionnaire (VSQ).

Postmenopausal women with and without genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) were included as the target population and the control group. Psychometric properties were validated both for sexually active (21 items) and passive women (16 items). Several a priori hypotheses were formulated to assess construct validity. Scores of GSM-Assessment Tool, Female Sexual Function Index, Michigan Incontinence Severity Index, Female Genital Self-Image Scale, and Menopause Rating Scale and their correlation with VSQ scores were compared.

A total of 242 postmenopausal women were included. The VSQ showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.822 (0.800-0.821) and 0.873 (0.853-0.870) in sexually active and passive women, respectively. Originally proposed model (4-factor model, n = 162) showed adequate fit in women with active sexuality and the 3-factor model (n = 242) showed moderate fit.
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