Notes

A static correction: Set up of fluorinated chromanones by way of enantioselective combination response.
3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with well-defined porous channels are shown to be capable of inducing chiral molecular catalysts from non-enantioselective to highly enantioselective in catalyzing organic transformations. LY3522348 mouse By condensations of a tetrahedral tetraamine and two linear dialdehydes derived from enantiopure 1,1'-binaphthol (BINOL), two chiral 3D COFs with a 9-fold or 11-fold interpenetrated diamondoid framework are prepared. Enhanced Brønsted acidity was observed for the chiral BINOL units that are uniformly distributed within the tubular channels compared to the non-immobilized acids. This facilitates the Brønsted acid catalysis of cyclocondensation of aldehydes and anthranilamides to produce 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones. DFT calculations show the COF catalyst provides preferential secondary interactions between the substrate and framework to induce enantioselectivities that are not achievable in homogeneous systems.
Recent studies have shown a pathophysiologic link between headache and multiple sclerosis (MS), but the prevalence of primary headaches among patients with MS differs substantially across studies. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively gather available evidence to estimate the prevalence of primary headaches among patients with MS.

We systematically searched the electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies that measured the prevalence of headache among patients with MS. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts to identify the eligible studies and the full texts of the included studies were reviewed. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias of the included literatures. We then conducted a meta-analysis using Stata Software 15.0 to calculate the pooled prevalence of headaches among patients with MS and assess the source of heterogeneity.

We identified 16 eligible studies covering a total of 3,560 pClinical screening of headache among patients with MS will be helpful to formulate an individualized treatment plans and alleviate the physical and mental impact of the disease.
Evaluate the Pain Impact Index, a simple, brief, easy-to-use, and novel tool to assess the impact of chronic pain in community-dwelling older adults.

A Rasch modelling analysis was undertaken in Stata using a partial credit model suited to the Likert-type items that comprised the Index. The Index was evaluated for ordering of category thresholds, unidimensionality, overall fit to the Rasch model, measurement bias (Differential Item Functioning, DIF), targeting, and construct validity.

The four-item Pain Impact Index was self-completed by 6454 community-dwelling Australians who were aged at least 70years and experienced pain on most days. Two items showed evidence of threshold disordering, and this was resolved by collapsing response categories (from 5 to 3) for all items. The rescored Index conformed to the unidimensionality assumption and had satisfactory fit with the Rasch model (analyses conducted on a reduced sample size to mitigate the potential for overpowering n=377, P>0.0125, power>77%). When considering uniform DIF, the most frequent sources of measurement bias were age, knee pain, and upper back pain. When considering nonuniform DIF, the most frequent source of measurement bias was knee pain. The Index had good ability to differentiate between respondents with different levels of pain impact and had highest measurement precision for respondents located around the average level of pain impact in the study sample. Both convergent and discriminant validity of the Index were supported.

The Pain Impact Index showed evidence of unidimensionality, was able to successfully differentiate between levels of pain impact, and had good evidence of construct validity.
The Pain Impact Index showed evidence of unidimensionality, was able to successfully differentiate between levels of pain impact, and had good evidence of construct validity.
Endothelin causes vasoconstriction via the endothelin-A receptor (ET-A) in the intrahepatic circulation in cirrhosis and its increase leads to portal hypertension. The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effect of a selective ET-A antagonist in patients with portal hypertension and cirrhosis.

Proof-of-concept study with two different substudies (a) local intrahepatic administration of the ET-A antagonist BQ 123 and (b) systemic oral administration of the ET-A antagonist Ambrisentan. Portal pressure was determined by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG, both substudies) and hepatic arterial blood flow (HABF) by intra-arterial Doppler measurements (substudy 1) before and under the ET-A antagonist. Systemic haemodynamic parameters were measured in substudy 2.

Twelve patients (Child-Pugh [CP] B/C n=7/5) were included in substudy 1 and 14 patients (CP A/B/C n=4/6/4) in substudy 2. The relative decrease in HVPG was -12.5% (IQR -40% to 0%; P=.05) in substudy 1 and -5.0% (IQR -11.5% to 0%; P=.01) in substudy 2. Substudy 1 revealed higher decrease in HVPG in CP B patients. HABF increased significantly and patients without portal pressure decrease showed a higher increase of HABF. Substudy 2 showed a slight decrease in the mean arterial pressure without changes of other systemic haemodynamic parameters.

Administration of a selective ET-A antagonist decreases the portal pressure in cirrhotic patients. This decrease was higher in CP B patients and the non-responders showed a higher increase in hepatic arterial flow. Selective ET-A antagonists might be a future treatment option in patients with portal hypertension.
Administration of a selective ET-A antagonist decreases the portal pressure in cirrhotic patients. This decrease was higher in CP B patients and the non-responders showed a higher increase in hepatic arterial flow. Selective ET-A antagonists might be a future treatment option in patients with portal hypertension.
The current literature indicates that intensive care (ICU) patients' sleep quality is generally poor, which is associated with serious physical and psychological consequences.

To describe the practices nurses use to provide good-quality sleep to adult ICU patients and assess nurses' perceptions of patients' sleep quality and nurses' professional autonomy in sleep management.

A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study.

A total of 232 ICU nurses from four hospitals in Poland were recruited. Data were collected between May and August 2019 using a previously developed questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests.

A total of 119 nurses took part in the study (response rate 51%). On average, nurses rated patients' sleep quality as moderate (4.44 ± 2.23, scale 0-10). Most of the respondents (95.8%) said they did not use any sleep protocol. Various strategies to improve patients' sleep were used sporadically (2.64 ± 1.55, scale 1-5). The use of sleep quality assessment methods was positively correlated with patients' sleep quality (rho = 0.
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