Notes

Thiacloprid recognition by simply gold nanocubes based SERS warning.
The current study aimed to determine the antifungal susceptibility profile of
species isolated from gastroesophageal lesions.

Gastroesophageal candidiasis is a common infection among HIV/AIDS patients and those who are taking PPI and H2RAs drugs
More than 20
spp. can cause different types of mucocutaneous infections in humans. The present study was conducted to assess the antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical
spp. isolated from gastroesophageal lesions.

Forty-eight clinical samples were collected from 60 patients undergoing endoscopy. All isolates were identified by molecular techniques (PCR-RFLP). The profiles of the susceptibility of
spp. to seven antifungal agents, i.e. amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, luliconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin, were evaluated using broth microdilution.

The susceptibility profile of
isolates revealed 100% sensitivity to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole. Moreover, fluconazole- (6.5%) and itraconazole-resistant (2.1%) isolates were observed.

With regard to the increase in fluconazole-resistant
species, it is necessary to determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates for the best management of infection and to prevent the emergence of drug resistant isolates.
With regard to the increase in fluconazole-resistant Candida species, it is necessary to determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates for the best management of infection and to prevent the emergence of drug resistant isolates.
This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of two routine therapeutic methods for
eradication in Iran.

Because of the importance of
eradication on gastric cancer prevalence and costs, an economic analysis of the eradication methods is essential for health systems.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 7,496 participants with positive Hepadnaviridae (HPsAg) test results for
; 6,163 of them were treated with furazolidone (group A), and 1,333 participants were treated with clarithromycin (group B). Data on GP visits, medications, and HPsAg costs as direct costs and absence from work and transportation as indirect costs was collected by researcher-made questionnaire. Indirect costs were calculated based on face-to-face interviews with 365 patients of the Persian Cohort Center. Successful eradication of
infection (negative HPsAg) was defined as the effectiveness of the interventions. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to compare the overall results.

The total direeatment. Therefore, due to the high prevalence of H. pylori and the economic conditions of the health system in Iran, furazolidone can be a cost-effective choice between the two conventional treatment methods considering the results of further research and possible side effects.
The present study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the English version of the Wexner questionnaire translated into the Persian language in Iranian patients.

Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders; therefore, it is necessary to utilize an index for both the clinic and research studies.

In the first phase, the English version of the Wexner questionnaire was translated into the Persian language. In the second phase, the Persian version was assessed to evaluate the psychometric properties in 136 patients with functional constipation who referred to gastrointestinal and physical medicine clinics. Content validity was assessed by face validity. Construct validity was tested based on hypothesis testing and structural validity. The correlation of the total scores of the Wexner questionnaire and the Patient Assessment Constipation Quality Of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire was used for concurrent criterion validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).The floor/ceiling effect of the questionnaire was also evaluated.

The content validity of the Persian version of Wexner's questionnaire was acceptable. The construct and concurrent criteria validity showed moderate correlation. The internal consistency and intrarater reliability were moderate (0.51) and excellent (r
= 0.97,
-value <0.001), respectively. No floor/ceiling effect was seen.

The Persian version of the Wexner questionnaire showed good validity and reliability in Iranian patients and can therefore be applied in clinics as well as in research for Persian-speaking countries.
The Persian version of the Wexner questionnaire showed good validity and reliability in Iranian patients and can therefore be applied in clinics as well as in research for Persian-speaking countries.
This this study aimed to investigate the causes and prognoses of liver re-transplantation in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Liver Transplantation Center.

Organ shortage is a major problem in the world, a high demand for liver transplantation has exacerbated this problem. Thus, providing more information on the causes of liver re-transplantation, its prognosis, and other issues related to this procedure is of great importance.

This study was conducted in 2018 as a historical cohort. In this study, the records of liver transplantation patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital Liver Transplantation Center between 2000 and 2016 were studied, and data was extracted from the records of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Patient data was entered into SPSS 20 software and analyzed.

In this study, 1030 patients with a mean age of 43.15 ± 14.57 years were studied. There were 426 women (41.4%) and 604 men (58.6%). The number of primary transplants was 966 with a mean age of 43.19 ± 14.72, and the n showed that the survival rate of re-transplant patients was significantly lower than that of primary transplant patients, and the mortality rate in re-transplant patients was significantly higher.
The results of this study showed that the survival rate of re-transplant patients was significantly lower than that of primary transplant patients, and the mortality rate in re-transplant patients was significantly higher.
The associations between serum levels of melatonin and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed among patients with different degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a very common worldwide disease.

In this cross-sectional study, adult patients diagnosed with fatty liver disease by Fibroscan evaluation were included if they met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for NAFLD. The participants were categorized into the three following groups 1) fibrosis> 9.1KP and steatosis >290 dbm; 2) fibrosis 6-9.0 KP and steatosis 240-285; and 3) fibrosis < 5.8 KP and steatosis<240 dbm. Post-fasting, 5 ml of venous blood was collected for laboratory assessment, and a questionnaire including demographic, anthropometric, laboratories and clinical data was completed.

A total of 97 participants were included. The mean age was 42.21±11 years, and 59 patients (60.0%) were female. Melatonin levels as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were correlated with advancing fibrosis and steatosis in univariate analysis. A significant association was observed between these cytokines and advancing fibrosis, severe steatosis levels, and melatonin concentrations. Furthermore, in the multiple linear regression model, melatonin levels showed a significant association with these cytokines.

Melatonin may have protective effects on tissue injury during advancing liver fibrosis via cytokines modulation. Therefore, it can be considered as a potential therapeutic management strategy for NAFLD.
Melatonin may have protective effects on tissue injury during advancing liver fibrosis via cytokines modulation. Therefore, it can be considered as a potential therapeutic management strategy for NAFLD.
This research aimed to study the association of food insulin index and biochemical parameters with the
of developing NAFLD in adult Iranians.

Hyperinsulinemia may play an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because of the relationship between insulin response and body fat accumulation.

A case-control study of 169 NAFLD patients and 200 healthy adults aged 18-55 years was conducted. Dietary data was collected using a validated 168-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Food insulin index (FII) was calculated by dividing the total insulin load by total energy intake (kcal/day). Total insulin load (ILoverall) was also calculated using a standard formula.

Mean participant age was 43.9 ± 5.9 years. Patients with NAFLD were significantly associated with higher body mass index, levels of liver enzymes, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) compared to the healthy subjects (
< 0.05). The highest tertiles of FII were associated with higher odds of NAFLD (OR=1.4, 95% CI 0.88-2.48,
for trend <0.001) and obesity (OR=2.33, 95% CI 0.97-5.75) compared to the lowest tertiles. Potential confounders for the association were controlled.

This study found that adherence to a diet with high FII was associated with greater odds of NAFLD and overweight or obesity. Additional studies are required to better understand this association.
This study found that adherence to a diet with high FII was associated with greater odds of NAFLD and overweight or obesity. Additional studies are required to better understand this association.
The current study was designed to evaluate the role of semi-quantitative EUS- elastography (strain ratio) in staging malignant pancreatic lesions.

Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most lethal malignancies with a survival rate of only 5% worldwide. selleck Pancreatic lesions include a wide range of diagnoses from benign to malignant forms. Biopsy and pathological study are the gold standard for the differentiation of malignant lesions and staging of tumors. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound sonography (EUS) elastography has been noticed as a non-invasive diagnosis modality. Nevertheless, no evidence of its potential to determine different stages of malignant tumors is available.

This prospective study included 81 adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of malignant pancreatic lesion in different clarified stages. All diagnoses were confirmed after endoscopic ultrasound sonography via pathological investigation of surgical specimens or needle biopsies. The results of EUS-elastography based on tumor size (T staging), involved lymph nodes (N staging), and metastasis (M staging) were compared with the gold standard.

The mean age of patients was 60.11±13.57 years. The mean SR elastography value was 52.78±48.97. Elastography could not significantly discriminate T stage, N stage, or M stage of tumors (
=0.57,
=0.92,
=0.11, respectively). Moreover, the Spearman rank correlation coefficients for the correlation between T staging, N staging, M staging and SR elastography were not significant (
=0.40,
=0.94,
=0.39, respectively).

The non-invasive modality EUS-elastography cannot replace the gold standard in staging tumors; however, EUS-elastography seemed to differentiate benign lesions from malignant ones.
The non-invasive modality EUS-elastography cannot replace the gold standard in staging tumors; however, EUS-elastography seemed to differentiate benign lesions from malignant ones.
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