Notes

Pathogenic part and also restorative probable regarding fibro-adipogenic progenitors within muscle mass disease.
Abnormalities of the inferior vena cava are rare. Its embryological development occurs between the sixth and eighth week of gestation and depends on the persistence or regression of three pairs of veins the posterior cardinal veins, the subcardinal veins and the supracardinal veins. The type of congenital alteration depends on the moment that embryogenesis is altered. The most frequent clinical presentation is deep vein thrombosis, which occurs mainly in young men. We report a 16-year-old male presenting with edema of the left leg. No risk factor for thrombosis was recorded. A Doppler ultrasound confirmed the presence of a deep femoro-popliteal vein thrombosis. CCT245737 molecular weight An abdominal CAT scan showed an agenesis of the supra and infra-adrenal inferior vena cava, with multiple collaterals. The study for thrombophilia was negative. The patient was treated with vitamin K antagonists with a good clinical response.
The participation of medical students in research generates professional, scientific, and personal benefits for the student.

To evaluate the interest and opportunities for medical students in Chile to participate in scientific research and their perceptions about factors influencing research.

All students attending the 2018 Chilean Congress for Medical Students were invited to answer a 44 questions survey about interest and opportunities to participate in research.

The survey was answered by 489 of the 538 students attending the congress. Eighty five percent referred interest in conducting scientific research, but only 47% had the opportunity to actively participate in a research project. The main research area providing opportunities was epidemiology and the main form to access a research project was through direct contact with a medical professor or researcher. Seventy seven percent of respondents had courses of scientific investigation in their medical curriculum and 92% had a scientific society for medical students in their university.

Respondents showed a great deal of interest in participating in scientific research. However, there is a gap between this interest and the available opportunities. Medical professors should promote and facilitate the participation of their students in research.
Respondents showed a great deal of interest in participating in scientific research. However, there is a gap between this interest and the available opportunities. Medical professors should promote and facilitate the participation of their students in research.Anesthesiology became the first Chilean medical specialty certification board to incorporate an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) into its certification system. The main reason for the introduction of an OSCE is to include an evaluation that allow candidates to demonstrate what they really "do" in clinical practice domains. Inherent in this justification is that the OSCE detects competences that are not well evaluated in current written and oral exams. This article describes the process of implementing an OSCE in Anesthesiology certification and a description of its application after one year of operation.Hepatitis C virus infection is a major global public health problem. Treatment with direct-acting antivirals is intended to eradicate the chronic form of this infection by 2030. Although uncommon, the acute form of presentation is increasingly recognized, especially in some high-risk populations, such as men who have sex with men without protection. Its virological and serological diagnosis is not standardized, so clinical suspicion is essential. Its early detection allows a timely treatment. We report seven cases of acute HCV hepatitis in a national reference center, its presentation, diagnosis and treatment. We discuss populations at risk and the change in therapeutics with the use of direct-acting antiviral drugs.The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increased in the last decades. Thus, the number of pregnant women with the condition is also increasing. Given that active disease itself is the main risk factor for complications during pregnancy, it is necessary to achieve a complete remission before planning a pregnancy. Also, pregnant women with IBD must be monitored noninvasively and be treated proactively, including escalated therapies, if needed, to prevent potential flares during pregnancy. Patients can undergo vaginal delivery in most forms of IBD. However, cesarean delivery is still preferable in women with a history of ileal pouch-anal anastomoses (IPAA) or active perianal disease.Hypopituitarism after moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is usually underdiagnosed and therefore undertreated. Its course can be divided in an acute phase during the first 14 days after TBI with 50 to 80% risk of hypopituitarism, and a chronic phase, beginning three months after the event, with a prevalence of hypopituitarism that ranges from 2 to 70%. Its pathophysiology has been addressed in several studies, suggesting that a vascular injury to the pituitary tissue is the most important mechanism during the acute phase, and an autoimmune one during chronic stages. In the acute phase, there are difficulties to correctly interpret pituitary axes. Hence, we propose a simple and cost-effective algorithm to detect and treat a potential hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis impairment and alterations of sodium homeostasis, both of which can be life-threatening. In the chronic phase, post-concussion syndrome is the most important differential diagnosis. Given the high prevalence of hypopituitarism, we suggest that all pituitary axes should be assessed in all patients with moderate to severe TBI, between 3 to 6 months after the event, and then repeated at 12 months after trauma by a specialized team in pituitary disease.Social frailty is a seldom explored concept in older people. There is dissent if it should be considered a multidimensional syndrome or it should be limited to the physical sphere. We conducted a review aiming to develop a concept of social frailty in older people using PubMed, BVS and CINAHL databases. We found ten articles. One exposes the concept of social frailty, nine operationalize social frailty using questions or items on social behavior and two use scales or measuring instruments to classify older people as "socially frail". It is concluded that social frailty is a new concept in gerontology there are divergences as to whether it should be considered as another dimension of frailty or as an independent concept with a predictive capacity by itself to detect risk among older people.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare group of genetic disorders affecting connective tissue, with consequent bone fragility, frequent fractures and skeletal deformity. Depending on the type, patients can have blue sclera, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and hearing loss.

To determine the frequency, type and audiometric characteristics of hearing loss in a group of patients with OI.

A prospective cohort study was completed. A clinical and diagnostic hearing evaluation with tympanometry, acoustic stapedial reflex, pure-tone and speech audiometry were performed.

Thirty patients completed the study; mean age of 22 years (range 6-63 years). Sixty seven percent had a type I OI. Overall, nine (30%) patients had hearing loss (15/60 ears). Of these, six had bilateral hearing loss. Of the 15 affected ears, six showed conductive hearing loss, five sensorineural hearing loss, and four mixed hearing loss. Patients with hearing loss were older than patients with normal hearing. Only one pediatric patient developed hearing loss. Of the ears without hearing loss, 13% did not have an acoustic stapedial reflex.

In this group of patients with OI, 30% had hearing loss and among those ears with normal hearing, 13% did not have an acoustic stapedial reflex. Patients with OI should be monitored for hearing loss.
In this group of patients with OI, 30% had hearing loss and among those ears with normal hearing, 13% did not have an acoustic stapedial reflex. Patients with OI should be monitored for hearing loss.
Studies on the long-term consequences of torture in survivors in Chile have only addressed the consequences for mental health, leaving aside the physical consequences.

To report the causes of death in the universe of victims of the Chilean civic-military dictatorship recognized by the Reports of the National Commission for Political Prison and Torture (CNPPT) and the Advisory Commission for the qualification of Disappeared Detainees, Politically Executed individuals and Victims of Political Prison and Torture.

The causes of death, age at the time of death, sex, political context of death and opportunity of repair up to June 2016 are described in 38,254 victims of the Chilean civic-military dictatorship.

Of the universe of 38,254 victims, 9,152 (23.9%) died until June 2016. The median age at death was 68 years. The main causes of death were malignant tumors in 28%, cardiovascular diseases in 27%, respiratory diseases in 10%, digestive diseases in 9% and external causes in 8%.

These results can inform prevention and treatment strategies for victims of the Chilean dictatorship.
These results can inform prevention and treatment strategies for victims of the Chilean dictatorship.
Theoretically, the exercise of good medicine requires physicians who possess and practice virtues. There are good reasons to believe that virtue ethics would be highly appreciated by patients.

To determine the importance that patients attribute to the possession virtues among physicians.

Patients hospitalized in a private and a public hospital were invited to answer a three-question survey. The questions were first, what do you expect of a good physician? Second, please evaluate, in a scale from 1 to 5, the importance of physician virtues to consider him a good doctor (fidelity to trust given by the patient, benevolence, postponement of self-interests, compassion, intellectual honesty, justice and prudence). Third, among the seven former virtues, select the three more important, and then the most important of all.

Most patients responded that they valued that a good physician should have good communication skills, a cordial relationship, commitment to the patient and knowledge. All virtues studied were considered important or very important by almost all patients. The virtues considered the most important were intellectual honesty and fidelity to trust given by the patient.

These results support the theoretical argument that, for patients, the practice of virtue ethics is essential for a good medical practice.
These results support the theoretical argument that, for patients, the practice of virtue ethics is essential for a good medical practice.
The quarantine and social distancing implemented during COVID 19 pandemic may hamper the quality of life of the population.

To determine the factors associated with a low quality of life during COVID 19 quarantine in Chilean adults.

The SF-36 survey about quality of life was answered by 1,082 Chilean adults aged between 18 and 60 years, who were quarantined by the COVID-19 health alert. Other variables studied were sociodemographic background, nutritional status, lifestyles, level of physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep hours. Risk factors associated with low quality of life were identified by logistic regression analysis for each of the 8 dimensions evaluated in the SF-36 questionnaire.

The factors that increased the probability of having a lower general health perception were being female (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; p = 0.05), being physically inactive (OR = 2.76 p < 0.01), unhealthy hours of sleep (OR = 1.58, p < 0.01), smoking (OR = 1.59, p < 0.01) and eating junk food (OR = 2.26; p < 0.
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