Notes

Senescent RAW264.6 cellular material exhibit improved production of nitric oxide and release inducible nitric oxide supplement synthase throughout exosomes.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is known as a risk factor for various immune-related disorders; however, the association between PTSD and related autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of PTSD with the risk of related ASDs.

Participants were recruited from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We included 9801 patients with PTSD and 39,204 matched controls to assess the risk of developing ASDs. Cox regression model was used for analyses.

After adjusting for confounders, we found an increased risk of ASDs among the patients with PTSD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.21-4.07) compared with that among matched controls. Statistically significant associations were found between PTSD and five individual ASDs, including psoriasis (aHR = 3.81, 95% CI = 1.90-7.67), lichen planus (aHR = 31.63, 95% CI = 4.00-249.91), alopecia areata (aHR = 4.77, 95% CI = 2.47-9.20), autoimmune bullous diseases (aHR = 9.55, 95% CI = 1.98-45.99), and vitiligo (aHR = 16.06, 95% CI = 4.48-57.54).

Patients with PTSD had an increased risk of developing ASDs compared with the matched controls. Further studies are needed for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Patients with PTSD had an increased risk of developing ASDs compared with the matched controls. Further studies are needed for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Women seldom reach the highest leadership positions in academic plastic surgery. cancer metabolism targets Contributing factors include lack of female role models/mentors and lack of gender diversity. Studies show that female role models and mentors are critical for recruiting and retaining female surgeons and that gender diversity within organizations more strongly influences women's career choices. The authors therefore sought to determine the current gender diversity of academic plastic surgery programs and investigate influences of gender and leadership on program gender composition.

A cross-sectional study of U.S. plastic surgery residency programs was performed in December of 2018. Genders of the leadership were collected, including medical school dean, department of surgery chair, department/division of plastic surgery chair/chief, plastic surgery program director, plastic surgery faculty, and plastic surgery residents. Gender relationships among these groups were analyzed.

Ninety-nine residency programs were identified (of academic plastic surgery programs. Gender disparity exists at all levels, worsening up the academic ladder. Recruitment, retention, and promotion of women is critical, as such diversity is required for continued progress in innovation and problem-solving within plastic surgery.
The posterior trunk is a technically demanding location for microvascular free tissue transfer. In this study, the authors report their own institutional experience with soft-tissue free flap reconstruction of the posterior trunk and provide a systematic review of the literature regarding this uncommon clinical scenario.

A systematic review was performed using the PubMed database in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A single-institution retrospective review was also performed including all patients who received a soft-tissue free flap for a posterior trunk defect between 1990 and 2019.

The database search yielded 15 articles, representing 61 patients; the most commonly used flap was the latissimus dorsi (45.9 percent) and the most commonly reported defect location was the lumbosacrum (42.3 percent). Retrospective review of the authors' database identified 26 patients, with the latissimus dorsi being the most common flap and the sacrum the most common defect site. The authors' institutional case series showed a 30.7 percent major complication rate and 7.7 percent total flap loss rate; 38.4 percent of flaps required vein grafting.

In this study, the authors provided a systematic literature review and described their own long-term institutional experience with these rare and difficult reconstructions. Although the overall complication rate is high, these reconstructions are frequently necessary, and an algorithmic approach can improve outcomes.

Therapeutic, IV.
Therapeutic, IV.
In this systematic review, the authors report on the current state of health disparities research in plastic surgery and consider how equity-oriented interventions are taking shape at the patient, provider, and health care system levels.

The authors performed a systematic literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases using search terms related to the social determinants of both health and plastic surgery. Two independent reviewers screened the article titles and abstracts for relevance and identified the plastic surgery focus and study characteristics of the included literature. The articles were then categorized as detecting, understanding, or reducing health disparities according to a conceptual framework. This review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.

One hundred forty-seven articles published between 1997 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. Health disparities research in gender-affirming, craniofacial, cosmetiat underlie inequity across subspecialties.
Hypoxia may play a role in the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), or CCN1, can be induced under hypoxic conditions in several types of cells. However, whether CCN1 has any impact on infantile hemangioma remains unknown. This study aims to explore the expression of CCN1 in infantile hemangioma and to investigate the effect of hypoxia on CCN1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) production.

Hemangioma-derived endothelial cells and hemangioma-derived stem cells were isolated from surgical specimens of proliferative infantile hemangioma. RNA extracted from infantile hemangioma tissue, hemangioma-derived endothelial cells, and hemangioma-derived stem cells was used to analyze gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of CCN1 blockade were examined in hemangioma-derived stem cells. Immunostaining, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess protein expression.

By double-label immunofluorescence staining, the authors first identified that CCN1 was abundant in proliferative infantile hemangioma lesions and colocalized well with immature microvessels.
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