Notes

Bond drive evolution regarding proteins for the floors with diverse hydration extent: Quantitative determination via fischer drive microscopy.
Assessing the attitudes and perception of risk management among medical secretaries and their effect on patients' safety in actual patient care, in a semi-private medical network and in a public hospital, to evaluate changes in these attitudes over time.

A hospital is a complex, complicated and a high-risk environment in which, along with other procedures, administrative processes, which are usually performed by the medical secretarial staff, may also have an impact on clinical activities and are prone to errors as well as other hospital activities.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Mycro 3 The survey was based on questionnaires completed once a year (during the period 2015-2018) by medical secretaries from seven different medical centers. Over these three years, different instructional and guidance interventions dealing with patients' safety were performed. Changes in attitudes and perceptions towards risk management and patients' safety were collected by comparison of answers at the beginning (2015)ospital care.
Ongoing safety interventions have led to an increased level of safety perception among medical secretaries. The results demonstrated the importance and benefit of the interventions in raising the safety level of hospital care.
Adult post-graduate teaching is always a challenging and sometimes a frustrating task. Since teaching risk management has to do with adult learning and changing personal and organizational culture and attitudes - the quest for an effective learning method is important and challenging.

In this study we examined the preferences of doctors from different medical professions in order to find out if there are any differences among doctors from different professions, since we assume that preferring a certain learning strategy has an impact on the effectivity of learning.

Participants in the study were randomly divided into three groups of learners - one group participated in a lecture, another group participated in a workshop instruction activity and the third group had an e-learning session. All participants completed questionnaires prior to the learning activity, right after the learning session and two weeks and three months after the learning activity.

Our findings show that there are differences in the preferences of instruction methods in relation to the medical profession and seniority. E-learning was preferred by senior doctors and was the most effective in knowledge gain and the fastest in knowledge loss.

The risk management learning method should be "tailor-made" to the learner's preferences and adjusted in accordance to their medical profession and seniority.

Instruction is an important part of risk management in medicine and has to do with adult learning. In order to achieve effective learning the teaching should be adjusted to the learner's profession and seniority.
Instruction is an important part of risk management in medicine and has to do with adult learning. In order to achieve effective learning the teaching should be adjusted to the learner's profession and seniority.
The process of "informed consent" is currently being evaluated by the Ministry of Health, with the intent to recommend steps to improve patients' and doctors' satisfaction. Following the committee meetings, we decided to initiate an evaluation of the patient's perceptions regarding technical and logistic aspects of the process.

To learn about patients' perceptions on the informed consent process, by evaluating different aspects and variables.

One hundred patients who underwent an "informed consent" process, followed by general surgery, were interviewed using a formulated call-script. All the patients had surgery at Ramat Hayal Hospital during January 2020.

All the interviewed patients reported that their surgeon was the one who participated in the informed consent process. The majority of the patients (70%) reported that the meeting lasted between 10-20 minutes. Only 35% of the patients reported that the surgeon used auxiliary materials during the meeting. Almost all patients (96-99%) noted that the explanations delineated by the surgeon during their meeting were clear, satisfactory, and congruent with their real experiences of their surgery.

Based on the results of this study, we confirm that the informed consent process for patients having surgery at the Ramat Hayal Hospital, is adequate and follows the recommendations of the law. Analyzing our data by the funding agent did not disclose meaningful differences except regarding the use of auxiliary materials. This issue will be examined in a future study.

These study results show a high compliance with the informed consent process in accordance with the law and MOH regulations.
These study results show a high compliance with the informed consent process in accordance with the law and MOH regulations.
Many studies report that the most common cause for malpractice claims is "diagnostic error including delayed/ missed/ wrong diagnosis".

To identify factors associated with severe harm and mortality in malpractice claims due to delayed/wrong diagnosis.

Review of records of malpractice claims against Clalit Health Services due to delayed/failed diagnosis in 2010-2019.

The study included 354 claims (60.9% males, median age 48). Primary care physicians were involved in a third of cases. The most common correct diagnoses were cardiovascular disease (21%), infection (19%) and cancer (16%). The level of harm was moderate in 38%, and severe in 24%, while 25% died. In a multivariable analysis, factors associated with severe harm were age, cancer or a cardiovascular disease, the department involved (pediatrics, internal medicine or primary care were associated with severe harm) and the physician's specialty (neurology/neurosurgery associated with severe harm). Factors associated with mortality included age, cancer or a cardiovascular disease, involvement of the internal medicine department and the physician's specialty (internal medicine associated with mortality).

About half of malpractice claims involved delayed/failed diagnosis resulting in severe harm or mortality. Factors associated with severe harm and mortality include age, the diagnosis and the medical specialty involved.

Potential ways to decrease delayed/failed diagnosis are review. It is important to be familiar with delayed/failed diagnosis as a major cause of harm in health services and in malpractice claims.
Potential ways to decrease delayed/failed diagnosis are review. It is important to be familiar with delayed/failed diagnosis as a major cause of harm in health services and in malpractice claims.
Medical students' education traditionally focuses on professionalism (knowledge and skills) alongside compassion. Recently, the importance of quality of care, safety and error prevention has increased. Teaching students through adopting the terminology, tools and insights of quality and safety will not only promote safety, but may also increase treatment effectiveness, patient satisfaction and staff commitment. The Covid-19 epidemic, enforcing social distancing and strict protective actions, have all deepened the challenges in safety-targeted education, incurring implementation difficulties 1) restricting bedside teaching; 2) reducing simulations and clerkship peer discussions;, 3) distorting the equilibrium of risk management/safety insight and clinical perception significance (anamnesis, physical examination).

This study aimed to examine standpoints towards safety education in medical studies among students and teacher.

A survey was conducted among students in pre-clinical courses, department directors/tutors and focus-group discussions among managers.

Medical students ranked safety-targeted education as highly important alongside academic knowledge, clinical skills and compassion. Department head managers and teaching physicians rated compassion and safety as highly important, more than research curiosity, values, resilience, family involvement and clinical proficiency, and much more than technical skills and the patient's preferences. In the first epidemic wave, safety-targeted education was graded higher by the focus-group leaders, when compared to teaching physicians, and scoring was similar for resilience, compassion, proficiency and knowledge. During the second wave, the department heads emphasized the importance of safety.

Transparency analysis of medical students' standpoints may reveal barriers to implement safety/quality measures in their curriculum.
Transparency analysis of medical students' standpoints may reveal barriers to implement safety/quality measures in their curriculum.In this paper we revisit the relationship between health outcomes, income, and income inequality by applying alternative panel methodologies to a dataset of high-income countries spanning the time period 1980-2017. In this direction, we adopt alternative methodological frameworks in order to provide a) meaningful results by taking into account standard errors that alleviate problems of cross-sectional (spatial) and temporal dependence, and b) insights into the underlying relationships at several points of the conditional distribution of the health outcomes dependent variables. The evidence strongly supports the significant role that income plays in determining health outcomes. The findings relating to income inequality and nonlinear terms are more fragmented in that their significance and sign-direction depend on the functional form and the respective quantiles of the distribution the relationships are evaluated.
Based on the fact that COVID-19 is still spreading despite vaccine worldwide administration, there is an imperative need to understand the underlying mechanisms of vaccine-induced inter-individual immune response variations.

We compared humoral and cellular immune responses in 127 individuals vaccinated with either BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine.

We found that both mRNA vaccines induced faster and stronger humoral responses as assessed by high Spike- and RBD-specific antibody titers and neutralizing efficacy in comparison to ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine. At 7 months post vaccination, a decreasing trend in humoral responses was observed, irrespective of the vaccine administered. Correlation analysis between anti-S1 IgG and IFNγ production unveiled a heterogeneous immune profile among BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals. Specifically, vaccination in the high-responder group induced sizable populations of polyfunctional memory CD4+ TH1 cells, follicular helper T cells (TFH) and T cells with features of stemness along with high neutralizing antibody production that persisted up to 7 months.. In contrast, low responders were characterized by loss or significantly reduced antibody titers and memory T cells and a considerably lower capacity for IL-2 and IFNγ production.

We identified that long-term humoral responses correlate with the individual's ability to produce antigen-specific persistent memory T cell populations.
We identified that long-term humoral responses correlate with the individual's ability to produce antigen-specific persistent memory T cell populations.The species Euphorbia umbellata has been used to treat inflammatory diseases, cancer, and ulcers. Biological activities reported in the literature, including antiproliferative, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory, are attributed to the chemical constituents present in its composition as terpenes and polyphenolic compounds. The most recurrently verified metabolites in the Euphorbiaceae family plant species are terpenes, of which euphol is a major constituent with broadly reported cytotoxic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects; it frequently appears in various extracts obtained from the plant. Euphol has a documented inhibitory effect on neutrophil chemotaxis and can modulate the complement system. Since complement system activation is intimately intertwined with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, tumor growth promotion and metastasis, plant metabolites from Euphorbia umbellata might influence the outcomes of inflammatory processes. We believe that this is the first review presenting the current knowledge on Euphorbia umbellata secondary metabolites and their biological activities.
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