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Serious pharmacogenetic dystonic responses in the family using the CYP2D6 *41 allele: an incident record.
Volunteer era veterans were 2.43 times more likely to report poorer physical health (95% CI = 1.49-3.97) than draft era veterans, adjusting for ACEs. Conclusions ACEs were associated with poorer health independent of veteran status and service era. Volunteer era veterans experienced more ACEs; need for trauma-informed services supporting whole health may increase.Objectives Little is known about the health-risk behaviors of funeral directors. We undertook a study to examine their health behavior risks by assessing perceived health behaviors. Methods The study was a cross-sectional, descriptive study of a sample of funeral directors in the US as of September 2018. We used online survey software to disseminate a multi-wave survey to funeral directors. Results Overall, we received 132 completed surveys (16.5% response rate). Overall, funeral directors rated themselves as healthy, but 61% reported that their mental health was not good in the previous 30 days due to stress, depression, or problems with emotions. We found that 23% reported that their poor physical or mental health keep them from doing their daily activities such as self-care, work, or recreation in the last 30 days. Other behaviors such as screenings, weight management, stress management, and substance use were found to be concerns in this population. Conclusions Public health efforts should focus on health promotion programming with an emphasis on improving the overall health and well-being of funeral directors in the US.Objectives In this study, we describe dietary intakes and examine variation among African-American adults in the Southwest, and identify barriers to engaging in healthy dietary behaviors, and use of traditional African-American foods, including pulses. Methods Using mixed-methods parallel analysis, 97 African Americans aged 25-60 years completed surveys on lifestyle and dietary habits prior to focus group discussions in 3 geographic regions of Arizona. We identified themes in the qualitative transcripts using an inductive approach informed by Grounded Theory. Survey data were compared by sex, and age cohort via chi-square and ANOVA. Results Qualitative knowledge of healthy choices was high for most participants, but survey dietary in-takes were below recommendations for fruit, vegetables, fiber, and pulses. Greens, fried chicken and fish, barbequed meats, okra-corn-tomato mix, grits, and sweet potatoes were eaten at least twice a month by 30%-50%. Statistically significant food consumption differences were observed by sex, age, and income. Healthy eating barriers included cost, access, convenience or time to prepare, accessibility, and cultural preferences and traditions. Interest in food preparation education was a common theme. Conclusions Arizona African Americans retain elements of traditional foods in their diet. Health education should offer practical solutions for the cited barriers, be culturally relevant, and build on existing knowledge.Objective In this study, I examined the association between age of substance use initiation and sexual violence (SV) among adolescent girls. Methods Data were drawn from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and the sample included 7526 girls. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between age of initiation of alcohol use, marijuana use and cigarette smoking, and SV, assessed by forced sexual intercourse and experiencing SV. Results A dose-response association was observed between age of substance use initiation and SV. Across all 3 substance use variables and for both SV outcomes, those who initiated substance use before age 15 were more likely to experience SV than those who initiated at or after age 15, who, in turn, had a higher likelihood of experiencing SV than those who had never initiated substance use. Conclusion Early initiation of substance use may be a meaningful marker of risk for SV victimization in later adolescence. SV prevention programs could use early initiation of substance use to identify adolescents who are at increased risk for SV and provide them with targeted interventions. To be more effective, primary prevention of SV may need to begin targeting substance use in early adolescence.Objectives State-administered community behavioral health centers (CBHCs) rarely treat tobacco dependence, despite high client tobacco use. Using a mixed-methods approach we examine the adaptation and implementation of an evidence-based tobacco-free workplace (TFW) program in 2 CBHCs (17 individual clinics). Methods Varied data collection included pre- and post-implementation leader, clinician, and staff surveys; pre-, mid-, and post-implementation staff and client focus groups; and monthly implementation logs. The RE-AIM framework guided translation of behavioral interventions into sustainable practice. Results Pre- to post-implementation increases were seen in training receipt among clinicians and employees. Both CBHCs adopted a 100% TFW policy, integrated tobacco screenings into routine practice, and delivered evidence-based practices (EBPs). Qualitative methods enlisted key stakeholders contributing towards adapting program strategies to local contexts, addressing barriers, adjusting tobacco screening administration, and understanding reasons for success or failure to implement specific components. Conclusions Program implementation at both CBHCs increased organizational capacity in the provision of EBPs to treat tobacco dependence through successfully meeting the majority of our RE-AIM targets. Findings contribute to the development of flexible strategies and interventions responsive to variable implementation contexts and barriers; enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of a TFW program.Objectives In this study, we examined use of and interest in using opioids and marijuana, particularly in relation to use motives and perceived barriers to use, among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods We analyzed online survey data from 304 PLWH in the United States recruited via social media in Summer 2018. Results In this sample (Mage = 30.86, 40.5% male, 64.5% white), 16.1% reported current (past 30-day) use of opioids, 18.1% marijuana, and 15.8% both. Participants reported more use motives and fewer barriers to using marijuana versus opioids (p's less then .001). The most frequently endorsed motive for using either/both drugs were to cope with pain and stress/anxiety. Highest-rated barriers to using either/both drugs were missing symptoms of worsening illness and addiction concerns. Regression analyses indicated that current opioid use correlated with reporting greater opioid use motives; among past-month opioid nonusers, greater interest in using opioids correlated with greater opioid use motives. AZD1656 cell line Current marijuana use correlated with reporting greater marijuana use motives and greater barriers; among past-month marijuana nonusers, greater interest in using marijuana correlated with greater marijuana use motives and fewer barriers. Conclusions Use motives and barriers differentially correlated with use and interest in use across drugs, thereby indicating different intervention approaches to address appropriate use.Objectives We aimed to test the potential of the Arabic version of the PID-5 to distinguish between clinical and non-clinical participants, as well as to examine its convergent validity and factor structure in an Emirati clinical sample. Methods The Arabic version of the PID-5 was administered to a clinical sample comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.38, SD = 8.99, 37.8% male, 62.2% female) and a community sample also comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.43, SD = 9.52, 37.2% male, 62.8% female). We addressed the descriptive measures, internal consistency, mean rank scores differences, convergent validity with SCL-90-R, and PID-5's factor structure. Results As expected, the clinical sample presented statistically significantly higher scores than the non-clinical sample, with medium to high effect sizes. link2 In addition, all the PID-5 domains showed positive correlations with most of the symptomatic constellations of the SCL-90-R as well as the PID-5 facets with all their SCL-90-R counterparts. However, our findings did not entirely replicate the PID-5 original 5-factor structure, as only a 4-factor solution was retained. Conclusions Future studies with the Arabic PID-5 in clinical samples are needed to understand its relevance and clinical utility in Arabic countries.Objective Determining geographical distribution and local dietary patterns involved in being obese is useful for designing intervention strategies. Methods We selected residents between 18 and 65 years old from 11 Chinese provinces to compare dietary patterns and BMI from the China Health and Nutrition Survey packages in 2011. We used linear and logistic regression analyses to assess the strength of association among geographic variables, the obesity problem, and dietary patterns. Results The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in the North was 10.51% higher than that in the South. Northern dietary patterns feature a high intake of wheat and soybeans, whereas southern dietary patterns feature a high intake of rice, vegetables, meat, and poultry. link3 The estimated coefficient of regional variables on dietary score is 1.49, the estimated coefficient of regional variables on the odds ratio for being overweight is 1.68 and for being obese is 2.04. Multivariate logistic regression including both variables of South-North areas and northern dietary patterns showed a significant correlation with being overweight or obese. Conclusions Northern areas and their local dietary patterns are more likely to contribute to overweight and obesity. Our study provides empirical evidence for policies that target the ''obesogenic'' environment and promote opportunities for persons to access healthy dietary patterns and nutritional balance.Objectives It is unclear whether poor health is a contributing factor or a consequence of burn-out. We aimed to explore the relationship among job stress, physical health, mental health, burnout, and coping strategies among health professionals using a moderated mediation model. Methods Health professionals in Taiwan were invited using a stratified and probability proportional to size sampling. A structure equation model (SEM) was used to examine relationships among job stress, burnout, and physical/mental health. The bootstrapping approach for moderated mediation analysis was then used to explore the role of coping strategies. Results Totally 935 health professionals participated. The SEM model revealed that job stress was inversely associated with physical and mental health. The direct association between job stress and burn-out was insignificant. Moderated mediation analysis revealed that job stress influenced burnout through physical health and mental health, and that the coping strategy of support-seeking moderated the indirect effect only through mental health. Conclusions Support-seeking is a good coping strategy for health professionals to buffer the harmful effects of job stress on mental health.Objective Pathways underlying the sleep-obesity relationship in youth are poorly understood. In this study, we examined associations of sleep with sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among youth, stratified by weight category (obesity versus no obesity). A sub-aim examined whether controlling for screen time changed the sleep-sedentary time association. Methods Methods entailed secondary analysis of baseline data collected June-August 2014-2017 during a school-based healthy weight management trial in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. Participants (N = 114) were 8-to-12 years old with BMI ≥ 75th percentile, most of whom were members of racial/ethnic minority groups (57%) or from households receiving economic assistance (55%). Mean nightly sleep duration and daily screen time were measured by survey, MVPA and sedentary time by accelerometer, and height and weight by research staff. Multivariate linear regression examined associations of sleep with sedentary time and MVPA. Results Sleep was inversely associated with hours of sedentary time (β = -1.
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