Notes

Piling up and subcellular syndication of cadmium in rygegrass induced by Aspergillus niger TL-F2 as well as Aspergillus flavus TL-F3.
In addition, we estimate that the positive anti-epidemic measures taken by the Chinese government may have reduced 4 million cases at least during the first wave of COVID-19, which means those measures, such as the epidemiological investigation, nucleic acid detection in medium-high risk areas and isolation of confirmed cases, also play a significant role in preventing epidemic spreading after travel restriction between cities.Renal cell carcinoma is the third most common malignancy to metastasize to the head and neck region. Among them, parotid is a well-reported site, although limited to case reports. Tumours with predominance of clear cells found in the head and neck, namely oncocytoma, clear cell carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma should be distinguished from clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This case report is regarding a patient with renal cell carcinoma presenting as bulky parotid metastasis. This literature review is to reiterate the possibility of renal cell carcinoma with parotid metastasis, as to aid in good science and better practice.Primary retroperitoneal teratoma is a tumor originating from each of the three germ cell layers and generally presenting as a large mass in the gonadal and sacrococcygeal region. It is very rarely seen in adults with scarcely any cases reported in literature (Gatcombe et al. J Surg Oncol 86(2)107-113, 2004). Here, we describe an unusual case of a 48-year-old female, presenting with a large retroperitoneal mass -diagnosed on radiological work-up and was later confirmed as a retroperitoneal teratoma by histological examination. Exploratory laparotomy with tumor excision was performed. The patient's recovery was uneventful and is doing well on follow-up.Hyperthermic-isolated limb perfusion (HILP) is an established modality of treatment for patients with advanced malignant melanoma of the limb in which diseased limb is infused with high concentration of chemotherapeutic agent. There is a lack of literature addressing its perioperative implications. We present a case and discuss the need for multipronged approach, team effort, and invasive hemodynamic and metabolic monitoring.A 60-year-old man with right upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) developed sudden onset right upper abdominal pain. He had no haematuria, nausea or vomiting and examination revealed right upper abdominal tenderness. Laboratory investigations showed drop-in haemoglobin. Computerised tomography revealed hyperdense contents within the renal pelvis extending into the renal parenchyma. After anaemia correction, radical nephroureterectomy confirmed the intra-renal haemorrhage. At 12 months follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic and recurrence-free. Only a few reported cases of perirenal haemorrhage are available in the literature. However, there is no report on intra-renal haemorrhage in UTUC. We present the first case of intra-renal haemorrhage (IRH) in UTUC managed with radical nephroureterectomy.Leiomyomas are benign mesenchymal tumours of smooth muscle origin. They can arise anywhere in the body where smooth muscle is present. Superficial leiomyomas are categorised into three types based on their site of origin piloleiomyoma arising from arrector pili, scrotal arising from dartos, and angioleiomyoma arising from smooth muscles of blood vessels. Scrotal leiomyomas are rare tumour, and very few cases are reported in literature so far. We report a case of scrotal leiomyoma clinically diagnosed as epidermal cyst.Anticoagulation is the treatment of choice in deep venous thrombosis; IVC filters can be placed in cases where anti coagulation is absolutely contra indicated. IVC filters are not without complications, some of which can be life-threatening. If detected early and managed timely and appropriately, a crisis can be averted. Enzalutamide price We report a complication-IVC wall penetration by a retrievable IVC filter, detected incidentally during a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.Diabetic mastopathy is a rare, benign breast disease that presents with fibrous breast lumps usually induced by the hyperglycemic state in diabetic patients and often associated with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical and radiographic appearances are usually confusing and pathologic confirmation is essential for diagnosis mainly to rule out malignancy. However, a specialized breast pathologist often utilizes patient's history of diabetes as a guide to solve this diagnostic dilemma. We report a challenging scenario in which a case of diabetic fibrous mastopathy was pathologically identified with no previous given history of diabetes. This benign breast entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of breast lumps even without history of diabetes that may be overlooked before surgery.Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) accounts for 5-10% of all breast cancer patients. Mutations in BRCA 1 and 2 are the most common culprits of HBC. These patients have a much higher lifetime risk of developing breast cancer than the non-carriers. Thus these high-risk patients qualify to receive risk-reducing measures in form of close surveillance, chemoprophylaxis, or sometimes even risk-reducing surgeries in high penetrance mutation carriers. We report a case of bilateral risk-reducing prophylactic mastectomies (B/L RRM) and bilateral risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (B/L RRSO) performed in a 37-year-old healthy BRCA 1 carrier. Although, this is an age-old practice, its acceptance in India has been low for reasons such as cost of surgery, social stigma, lack of awareness, fear of visiting an oncology clinic, surgery and reconstruction, or loss of a healthy organ; and more acceptance towards other risk reduction methods.Sebaceous differentiation can be normally seen in salivary glands. An entity first described by Hamperi. Sebaceous components are present in several salivary gland tumors like Warthin's tumor and mucoepidermoid tumor. But, if the sebaceous component predominates, it is known as a sebaceous adenoma. If lymphatic stroma in the background is prominent, it qualifies as sebaceous lymphadenoma. The term was coined and properly described by McGavran et al., differentiating it from similar appearing tumors like Warthin's tumor, sebaceous adenoma, and mucoepidermoid tumor. Clinicians, as well as pathologists, need to be aware of this entity as it is known to undergo malignant degeneration. Since it is a benign entity, the most common symptom is painless parotid swelling. The patient in this case also presented with painless parotid swelling and underwent preoperative FNAC and MRI. But, the diagnosis was made after surgical excision. The patient recovered well after surgery and is being followed. Since this disease is known for malignant degeneration and recurrence careful diagnosis is required. Histopathological picture may be confused with other common entities like Warthin also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum since both have sebaceous and lymphoid components. McGavran differentiated between both entities. Sebaceous lymphadenoma can convert to sebaceous adenocarcinoma and is thus important to know the correct diagnosis, even if it is postoperative since recurrence may be associated with malignant changes. Sometimes, the picture may be confused with lymphoma and in that case, immunotyping can come as a rescue for diagnosis. The authors of this report intend to report this rare entity and emphasize the need for clinicians and pathologists being aware of it and keeping it as a differential while dealing with a similar parotid tumor.Ovarian cysts can be caused by endocrine disorders. Hypothyroidism causing ovarian cysts is an uncommon entity, but rarely does it cause an ovarian cyst which can mimic malignancy. We report three cases of ovarian masses which were referred to our institute suspecting malignancy. These patients on further evaluation were found to have severe hypothyroidism and started on thyroxine supplementation. There was dramatic symptomatic relief as well as resolution of the ovarian masses on subsequent imaging. Hypothyroidism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral multicystic adnexal masses to avoid inadvertent surgery.Giant cell tumors (GCT) of bone are a benign aggressive tumor with features of frequent local recurrence. It has the potential for metastasis and malignant transformation. GCT of bone represents about 4-9.5% of primary bone tumors. Metachronous GCT happen in less than 1% while metastatic spread in these lesions is very uncommon. Furthermore, reports of multicentric metachronous GCT are very rare in literature. We present a case of a 35-year-old male patient, who suffered from multicentric metachronous GCT, which involved the radius, humerus, femur, and pelvic with pulmonary metastasis. Local control by multiple resections of the tumor and chemotherapy for pulmonary metastases was able to control the disease with long-term survival and good functional outcome. These tumors had a typical radiological appearance and the diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology. Long follow-up needed in this case in view the illness occurs for long period.Pediatric peritoneal sarcomatosis is an exceedingly rare entity with unknown incidence. Within these tumors, primary peritoneal rhabdomyosarcoma constitutes a small fraction. Majority of them are probably treated inadequately and have dismal outcomes. A favorable subset exists where aggressive treatment in the form of cytoreductive surgery supplemented by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the multimodal setting can be attempted. We present a case of primary peritoneal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a 2-year-old child who was treated with systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy while avoiding radiation, with its evidence and rationale.Rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a relatively uncommon type of rectal cancer, characterized by abundant extracellular mucin. At the time of presentation, they are found to be at an advanced stage and hence are difficult to treat and usually carry a poor prognosis. We report a case of rectal MAC with an unusual early presentation for which laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection was performed.Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the female genital tract can arise in the ovary, endometrium, cervicovaginal region, in peritoneal and other extra pelvic sites. However, CCC involving anterior abdominal wall is a very rare entity. We are reporting a case of 55-year-old postmenopausal lady with ECOG PS-I with no comorbidity had history of cesarean section about 30 years back and presented with pain in abdomen at periumbilical region about 9 months back. She underwent evaluation at outside clinic with finding of an anterior abdominal wall swelling of size approximately 3 × 3 cm which was completely neglected by the patient. In the next period of 2 months, the swelling suddenly increased in size. CECT/PET CT showed a solid cystic mass involving anterior abdominal wall with possibility of desmoid tumor. We had decided to plan for surgical excision of the tumor. Intraoperatively we found that there was bicornuate uterus. The lesion was arising from one of the cornue of uterus and it was extended anteriorly to anterior abdominal wall with no ascites, no pelvic, or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.
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