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The Pillar-Based High-Throughput Myogenic Difference Analysis to gauge Substance Safety.
To further develop prosthetic devices that are successful for long-term use, we discuss animal models for developing new surgical techniques and device testing. As an economic/ethical alternative to genetic modification, animal models of drug-induced outer retinal degeneration are discussed.Significance. Combined, the presenting perspective highlights the crucial issues for more successful retinal implants. Creative Commons Attribution license.We investigated the prognostic significance of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 720 Han Chinese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent radiation or chemoradiation therapy. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were significantly associated with two ATM SNPs, rs664143 and rs189037. Patients with the rs664143 GA or AA genotype had poorer DFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-1.86, P = 0.021) and OS (HR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.12-1.78, P = 0.040) than those with the rs664143 GG phenotype. Patients with the rs189037 AG/GG genotypes had poorer prognoses than those with the rs189037 AA genotype (AG/GG vs. AA DFS, HR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.06-1.95, P=0.019; OS, HR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.16-1.17-2.21, P=0.004). These results were confirmed by subgroup analysis based on clinical factors such as smoking, histology, tumor stage, treatment, and radiation dose, all of which were significantly associated with DFS and OS rates in NSCLC patients. These findings show that ATM rs664143 and rs189037 variants determine prognosis in NSCLC patients that have undergone radiation or chemoradiation therapies.Background Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae) has been used to treat mental disorders in traditional African medicine. Nonetheless, there is limited scientific evidence to justify its present use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of the hydroethanolic extract of A. zygia roots (AZE) in murine models. Methods AZE was evaluated in the tail suspension test, forced swim test, and the repeated open-space swim test of depression. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of action, the activity of AZE was re-evaluated after treating mice with selective inhibitors of monoamine biosynthesis. The potential of AZE to influence spontaneous locomotion was also examined. Results AZE (100-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension and forced swim tests (at least p less then 0.05). In the repeated open-space swim test, AZE reduced the immobility time (at least p less then 0.05) while concomitantly increasing the distance swam by mice (p less then 0.01). However, the antidepressant-like activity of AZE was attenuated by α-methyl-para-tyrosine and reserpine (p less then 0.0001) but not para-chlorophenylalanine. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that AZE possesses antidepressant-like properties and support the traditional use of AZE for the treatment of depression.To date, a large number of synthetic drugs have been developed for the treatment and prevention of different disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. However, these drugs suffer from a variety of drawbacks including side effects and low efficacy. In response to this problem, researchers have focused on the plant-derived natural products due to their valuable biological activities and low side effects. Flavonoids consist of a wide range of naturally occurring compounds exclusively found in fruits and vegetables and demonstrate a number of pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Tangeretin (TGN) is a key member of flavonoids that is extensively found in citrus peels. It has different favorable biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. In the present review, we discuss the various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of TGN and then, demonstrate how this naturally occurring compound affects signaling pathways to exert its impacts.The standard nature of the procedures and tools of sampling and data collection cannot guarantee the stability of data reliability and validity because non-sampling errors are highly sensitive to social conditions. The present study provides a post-hoc attempt to estimate and manage the changing methodological parameters of self-report surveys of addictive behaviours (being highly subjected to changes in social conditions) to make data interpretation easier. The analysis is based on the data of two national Hungarian representative surveys assessing addiction problems in 2007 and 2015 (National Survey on Addiction Problems in Hungary [NSAPH]). Both surveys were conducted using a Hungarian nationwide representative sample aged 18-64 years applying similar procedures in data collection and -processing. Regarding data concerning substance use, both surveys included variables to estimate non-sampling errors in line with current international practices. The methodological parameters of NSAPH2015 showed an increase in non-sampling errors regarding substance use behaviour compared to NSAPH2007. The present paper elaborates an estimation procedure based on the assumption that when following a population, the proportion of people who have ever engaged in a specific type of addictive behaviour cannot be reduced in the given population over time. This also applies to cohorts followed by cross-sectional surveys among national representative samples, as far as lifetime prevalence and data on the age of first use/activity is available. To identify valid trends in different behaviours in epidemiological research assessing addictive behaviours or other sensitive data, researchers should provide the required conditions for controlling or correcting data by cohort analysis.BACKGROUND A couple of studies suggest that sunshine duration and ambient temperature contribute to suicide. Few studies have happened in East-Central European area. OBJECTIVE We scrutinized the daily suicide rates and other measured meteorological parameters spanning from 1971 to 2013 in the region of Hungary exhibiting the highest suicide rate. GPNA METHODS The meteorological parameters measured in the area signified the independent variables of the statistical model, while the observed suicide rate connoted the dependent variable. Dynamic Regression, a time series analytical method was employed for creating the model. RESULTS Three meteorological parameters displayed a weak, yet statistically significant relationship with suicide rates. 1/ Daily sunshine duration has shown an immediate, significant positive correlation, 2/ daily changes in temperature at ground level also exhibited a significant relationship, albeit it followed a complex transient profile overarching three days. Tropopause height was also significant in the model an immediate positive effect was followed by a negative effect six days later.
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