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Delayed surgical conversion regarding been unsuccessful Multilayer Stream Modulator stenting throughout thoraco-abdominal aneurysms.
MYB transcription factors are important in abiotic stress responses; however, the detailed mechanisms are unclear. Tamarix hispida contains multiple MYB genes. The present study characterized T. hispida MYB8 (ThMYB8) during salt stress using transgenic T. hispida and Arabidopsis assays. ThMYB8 overexpression and ThMYB8 RNAi analysis demonstrated that ThMYB8 enhanced the salt stress tolerance. Transgenic Arabidopsis ectopic expression of ThMYB8 significantly increased root growth, fresh weight, and seed germination rate compared with that of the wild-type under salt stress. Physiological parameters analysis in T. hispida and Arabidopsis showed that ThMYB8 overexpressing plants had the lowest levels of O2, H2O2, cell death, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage. Overexpression of ThMYB8 regulated Na+ and K+ concentrations in plant tissues while maintaining K+/Na+ homeostasis. Analysis using qRT-PCR and ChIP-PCR identified possible downstream ThMYB8-regulated genes. ThMYB8 regulated the expression of ThCYP450-2 (cytochrome p450-2), Thltk (leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein kinase), and ThTIP (aquaporin TIP) by binding to the MBSI motif ('CAACTG') in their promoters. The results indicated that ThMYB8 enhanced salt stress tolerance in T. hispida by regulating gene expression related to the activation of stress-associated physiological changes, such as enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capability, maintaining K+/Na+ homeostasis, and decreasing the malondialdehyde content and lipid peroxidation cell membranes.Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently recognized as an endogenous gas transmitter alongside nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Exposure of plants to H2S, for example through applicating H2S donors, reveals that H2S play important roles in plant response to abiotic stresses such as heavy metals, salinity, drought and extreme temperatures. Sodium hydrosulfide is the most widely used donor in plants due to its direct and instantaneous release of H2S, followed by GYY4137. H2S can enhance plant tolerance to salt and heavy metal stresses through regulating Na+/K+ homeostasis and the uptake and transport of metal ions. H2S also promotes the H2S-Cys cycle balance under abiotic stress and enhances its roles in regulation of the antioxidant system, alternative respiratory pathway, and heavy metal chelators synthesis. H2S coordinates with gaseous signal molecules, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide to respond to stress directly through influencing their generation or competing for the regulation of the downstream signaling. Moreover, H2S interacts with phytohormones including abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid and melatonin as well as polyamines to regulate plant response to abiotic stresses. In this review, the application of H2S donors and their functional mechanism are summarized. We propose promising new research directions, which can lead to new insights on the role of this gastrasmitter during plant growth and development.Chromosomal breaks occur in the genome of all living organisms upon exposure to ionizing radiation, xenobiotics and as intermediates during normal cell cycle progression. Most of the information on DNA repair process has emerged from bacteria, human, mice, and yeast while information on plant DNA repair genes and proteins is limited. Among other DNA repair proteins, MRE11 forms the core of the MRN (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) complex and is the first responder to double strand breaks (DSBs), promotes repair either by Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) or Homologous Recombination (HR). Till date, MRE11 has not been biochemically characterized from plant systems. Here, we report the in vitro biochemical activities of Oryza sativa MRE11. We cloned and purified the N- terminal region of OsMre11, which represents both the nuclease and DNA binding domains. The N- terminal end of OsMre11-N protein (∼55.0 kDa) showed binding activity with dsDNA, ssDNA and G-quadruplex DNA. Tryptophan fluorescence analysis also showed that OsMre11-N protein binds to ssDNA, dsDNA and G4 DNA in a protein concentration dependant manner. Additionally, OsMre11 protein showed exonuclease activity only in the presence of Mn2+. A protein concentration dependant endonuclease activity also was observed and was enhanced in the presence of Mn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Put together, OsMre11 has properties similar to its counterparts in yeast and humans and may play an important role in cellular response to DNA damage in plants, especially rice.Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Breeding high-yield, multi-resistant and high-quality varieties has always been the goal of rice breeding. Rice tiller, panicle architecture and grain size are the constituent factors of yield, which are regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, including miRNAs, transcription factors, and downstream target genes. Previous studies have shown that SPL (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE) transcription factors can control rice tiller, panicle architecture and grain size, which were regulated by miR156, miR529 and miR535. In this study, we obtained miR529a target mimicry (miR529a-MIMIC) transgenic plants to investigate plant phenotypes, physiological and molecular characteristics together with miR529a overexpression (miR529a-OE) and wild type (WT) to explore the function of miR529a and its SPL target genes in rice. We found that OsSPL2, OsSPL17 and OsSPL18 at seedling stage were regulated by miR529a, but there had complicated mechanism to control plant height. OsSPL2, OsSPL16, OsSPL17 and SPL18 at tillering stage were regulated by miR529a to control plant height and tiller number. And panicle architecture and grain size were controlled by miR529a through altering the expression of all five target genes OsSPL2, OsSPL7, OsSPL14, OsSPL16, OsSPL17 and OsSPL18. Our study suggested that miR529a might control rice growth and development by regulating different SPL target genes at different stages, which could provide a new method to improve rice yield by regulating miR529a and its SPL target genes.Living in natural environment, plants often suffer from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Phosphate deficiency is a common factor affecting crop production in field, while pathogen invasion is another serious problem. Here we report that Pi-deficient cotton plants exhibit enhanced resistance to Verticillium dahliae. selleck chemicals llc Transcriptomic and histochemical analysis revealed that cotton phenylpropanoid pathway was activated under phosphate deficiency, including lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis. Metabolomic data showed that Pi-deficient cotton accumulates many flavonoids metabolites and displays obvious anti-fungi activity in terms of methanolic extract. Additionally, JA biosynthesis was activated under phosphate deficiency and the Pi-deficiency induced disease resistance was significantly attenuated in GhAOS knock down plants. Taken together, our study demonstrated that phosphate deficiency enhanced cotton resistance to V. dahliae through activating phenylpropanoid pathway and JA biosynthesis, providing new insights into how phosphate deficiency affects plant disease resistance.The screening of 862 T-DNA lines was carried out to approach the genetic dissection of indirect adventitious organogenesis in tomato. Several mutants defective in different phases of adventitious organogenesis, namely callus growth (tdc-1), bud differentiation (tdb-1, -2, -3) and shoot-bud development (tds-1) were identified and characterized. The alteration of the TDC-1 gene blocked callus proliferation depending on the composition of growth regulators in the culture medium. Calli from tds-1 explants differentiated buds but did not develop normal shoots. Histological analysis showed that their abnormal development is due to failure in the organization of normal adventitious shoot meristems. Interestingly, tdc-1 and tds-1 mutant plants were indistinguishable from WT ones, indicating that the respective altered genes play specific roles in cell proliferation from explant cut zones (TDC-1 gene) or in the organization of adventitious shoot meristems (TDS-1 gene). Unlike the previous, plants of the three mutants defective in the differentiation of adventitious shoot-buds (tdb-1, -2, -3) showed multiple changes in vegetative and reproductive traits. Cosegregation analyses revealed the existence of an association between the phenotype of the tdb-3 mutant and a T-DNA insert, which led to the discovery that the SlMAPKKK17 gene is involved in the shoot-bud differentiation process.Glutamine plays a critical role in ammonium assimilation, and contributes substantially to the taste and nutritional quality of tea. To date, little research has been done on glutamine synthesis in tea plants. Here, a zinc finger protein CsDOF and a glutamine synthetase (GS)-encoding gene CsGS2 from tea plant (Camellia sinensis cv 'Shuchazao') were characterized, and their role in glutamine biosynthesis was determined using transient suppression assays in tea leaves and overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression patterns of CsDOF and CsGS2, the GS activity and the glutamine content of photosynthetic tissues (leaf and bud) were significantly induced by shade. Suppressing the expression of CsDOF resulted in downregulated expression of CsGS2 and reduction of the leaf glutamine content. Moreover, in CsDOF-silenced plants, the expression of CsDOF and the glutamine content under shade treatment were higher than in natural light. The glutamine content and CsGS2 transcript level were also decreased in tea leaves when CsGS2 was suppressed, while they were higher under shade treatment than in natural light in CsGS2-silenced plants. In addition, the glutamine content and GS2 transcript level were increased when CsDOF and CsGS2 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. In binding analyses, CsDOF directly bound to an AAAG motif in the promoter of CsGS2, and promotes its activity. The study shed new light on the molecular mechanism by which CsDOF activates CsGS2 gene expression and contributes to glutamine biosynthesis in tea plants.Brassinosteroids (BRs) play critical roles in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to abiotic stresses. The BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) families of transcription factors have been elucidated largely in Arabidopsis and rice but not in other plant species. Here, we studied the functional characterization of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) BZR homolog gene, SlBZR1, in BR-regulated plant growth and tolerance to salt stress. SlBZR1 was highly expressed in the flowers and developing fruits of tomato. Both SlBZR1 and SlBZR1D (proline to leucine mutation at the 239th amino acid of SlBZR1) were transcriptional repressors and localized in the nucleus. SlBZR1 or SlBZR1D could interact with SlMYB30, SlMYBL2, SlPIF4, SlHAT1, SlIWS1 and SlREF6 in tomato. Overexpression of SlBZR1D enhanced the BR response and improved tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis, consistent with the phenotype of the Arabidopsis bes1-D mutant. Moreover, SlBZR1D-overexpressing tomato lines showed a short plant height, smaller and curly leaves, and delayed flowering. Additionally, SlBZR1D positively regulated salt tolerance in tomato and upregulated the expression of multiple stress-related genes. Our study provides new insights for understanding the function and mechanism of BZR transcription factors in BR-regulated plant growth and abiotic stress responses.
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