Notes

Changes of your SERS-active Ag area to advertise adsorption of incurred analytes: effect of Cu2+ ions.
We conclude that pediatric kidney recipients often develop methemoglobinemia and / or anemia on dapsone. We recommend if pediatric transplant recipients are prescribed dapsone, routine testing for methemoglobinemia and anemia should be done.Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an alpine medicinal plant that produces the anticancer compound podophyllotoxin (PPT). Although a positive relationship between PPT content and altitude has been proved and low temperature enhances plant growth and PPT accumulation has also been revealed, the role of UV radiation in regulating growth and PPT accumulation is still unclear In this study, morphophysiological traits, metabolites content and related genes expression were investigated by exposing S. hexandrum seedlings to treatment with UV-B radiation. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugars and flavonoids, and the expression levels of genes involved in glycometabolism (XET and β-1,3-glucanase) and flavonoid biosynthesis (PAL,C4H,4CL,CHS1 and DTX41) were enhanced in response to UV-B compared to CK. Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid chemical structure Moreover, genes involved in stress tolerance (MYB, WRKY,APX3 and EX2) were also upregulated in response to UV-B radiation. Although the whole plant biomass exhibited slightly increased values that depended largely on root development, the contents of chlorophyll and PPT and the expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis (matK, ndhF,rbcL and ycf5) and PPT biosynthesis (C3H,CCoAMT,CCR,CAD, DPO, PLR,SDH, CPY719A23,OMT3,CYP71CU1,OMT1and 2-ODD) were significantly decreased in response to UV-B compared to CK. It can be concluded that UV-B radiation promotes soluble sugars and flavonoids accumulation, but inhibits PPT biosynthesis in S. hexandrum.
Restrictions imposed for the COVID-19 pandemic and the people's fear of getting infected have caused a significant drop in the number of emergency service admissions. Herein, we aimed to investigate the reflections of our otherwise crowded emergency services' quietness in the period of normalisation.

Our study retrospectively investigated three groups of patients the patients who were admitted to the emergency service in the 'Period of Restrictions' when the restrictions were imposed to limit the spread of the COVID-19 infection; the patients who were admitted to the emergency service in the 'Period of Normalisation' when normalisation attempts were made and the restrictions were lifted; and the patients who were admitted to the emergency service in the 'Period of Pre-pandemic Normal' exactly 1year before the normalisation period, which would reflect the normal functioning of the emergency service at that time. The three groups were compared with respect to the demographic characteristics and patient outc of non-COVID-19 diseases to worsen and mortality rates to rise. Therefore, we are of the opinion that the public should be informed about the importance of uninterrupted treatment/follow-up and 'Life-threatening Urgent Conditions' that should necessarily prompt hospital visits in possible pandemics.
Body composition parameters have been reported to add information, which can lead to tailored treatment and prognostication for oncological patients. Data for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are scarce. We assessed the association between different body composition parameters and overall survival (OS) in two different newly diagnosed HCC populations.

The area (cm
) and density (Hounsfield Units [HU]) of skeletal muscle (SM) and adipose tissue (subcutaneous [SAT], visceral [VAT] and intermuscular [IMAT]) were measured on computed tomography (CT) scans at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) in two cohorts of patients diagnosed in different HCC stages (Bern, Switzerland n=187 and Newcastle, United Kingdom n=216). Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions analyses were used to assess the crude and adjusted association of body composition parameters with OS.

By univariate analysis, in both cohorts, Bern and Newcastle, high SAT density (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35; 1.12-1.62, P<.001 and 1.44; 1.27-1.63, P<.001, respectively) and high VAT density (HR 1.38; 1.1-1.72, P=.005 and HR 1.53; 1.3-1.81, P<.001, respectively) correlated negatively with survival. After model adjustment for potential baseline confounders (gender, age, diabetes, cirrhosis, MELD score, BCLC stage) in a multivariate analysis, SAT density remained associated with mortality in Bern and Newcastle (Bern HR 1.27; 1.04-1.57, P=.022; Newcastle HR 1.23; 1.03-1.48, P=.022) and VAT remained associated with mortality in Bern (HR 1.31; 1.05-1.65, P=.019).

Based on two HCC cohorts, our data show that high SAT density correlates negatively with OS in HCC patients.
Based on two HCC cohorts, our data show that high SAT density correlates negatively with OS in HCC patients.
Patients with head and neck cancers may require feeding tube gastrostomy (FTG) during their treatment. Surgical gastrostomy is indicated in patients who fail or unsuitable for endoscopic or radiologic FTG insertion.

The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of a novel laparoscopic technique to the insertion of feeding tube gastrostomy (FTG) in patients with head and neck cancer vs conventional open surgery.

Patients were randomly matched on a 11 basis according to whether the procedure was therapeutic or prophylactic and whether a concomitant less major surgical procedure was required.

The groups (17 patients in each group) were comparable for age, sex distribution, ASA score, body mass index, serum albumin levels and the frequencies of previous upper abdominal surgery, hypoalbuminaemia and prior chemoradiotherapy and/or cancer surgery. There were no conversions to open surgery. No significant differences were detected between the groups with regard to the operating time (median, 40 vs 60minutes, P=.053) and 30-day clinically significant morbidity (17.6% vs 23.5%, P=.180) or mortality (11.8% in each group). However, laparoscopy was associated with significantly shorter hospital stay (0 vs 2.8days, P<.001) and greater proportion of day-case procedures (64.7% vs 0%, P<.001).

Laparoscopic insertion of FTG is safe, can be performed as a day-case procedure, and is associated with shorter hospital stay compared with open surgery; it should be preferred over open surgery where local expertise exists.
Laparoscopic insertion of FTG is safe, can be performed as a day-case procedure, and is associated with shorter hospital stay compared with open surgery; it should be preferred over open surgery where local expertise exists.
Surveillance colonoscopy has been shown to be an effective tool for prevention of CRC in high-risk populations, if adhered to. We aimed to discover the sequelae of late surveillance in a cohort of patient's overdue for colonoscopy, in particular the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) or advanced adenoma (AA) within surveillance subgroups.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all patients from the Bay of Plenty District Health Board region, New Zealand, placed on the colonoscopy surveillance waitlist from 2006 onwards who had their procedure completed between 1 November 2016 and 31 January 2018, when the total surveillance list was declared up-to-date. Patients with overdue surveillance, defined as done later than 90 days after the recommended due date were compared to patients who were done either early, or on time.

786 patients were recorded as overdue for surveillance colonoscopy, and 386 were completed early or on time. The median time overdue was 22 months. Three cases (0.4%) of CRC weres article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Whilst overdue surveillance is not predictive of increased CRC, it is associated with an increase in expected number of AA, particularly in patients having surveillance for previous high-risk polypectomy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges have recently recommended all outpatient letters to be written directly to patients. We aimed to evaluate clinician and patient preferences for their outpatient letters from a head and neck department at a single-centre secondary care hospital.

A multiple-choice questionnaire was designed and circulated to patients over a 2-week period. The primary outcome measure was the patient preference for the writing style. In order to evaluate existing writing styles, clinic letters were retrospectively sampled from all consultant and registrar grade otolaryngology (ENT) and oral maxillofacial (OMFS) surgeons in the department. These were analysed for readability via Flesch Reading Ease Score and audience.

Of all 80 included patient responses, 42 expressed a preference for letters to be written directly to the patient (52.5%). Only 5.0% (n=4) of respondents exhibited a preference for letters to be written to their GP, with 42.5% (n=34) of patients having no preference. All 54 surgeon letters (100%) were addressed to GPs. The average FRE score was 58.5, representing a reading level of "high school education."

When considered in the wider body of similar studies, there is convincing evidence that patients would prefer letters to be written to them rather than GPs. The authors believe that there should be a push towards patient-directed letters becoming the norm. This will improve patients' understanding of their own health and treatment decisions, allowing them to be more involved in their care and increase patient-centred consultations.
When considered in the wider body of similar studies, there is convincing evidence that patients would prefer letters to be written to them rather than GPs. The authors believe that there should be a push towards patient-directed letters becoming the norm. This will improve patients' understanding of their own health and treatment decisions, allowing them to be more involved in their care and increase patient-centred consultations.The skin prick test (SPT) could be applied as a useful in vivo method for the detection of sensitization in epidemiological and diagnostic studies if the wheal size is ideally evaluated. We focused on SPT wheal size to identify sensitization pattern to common inhalant and food allergens. In this cross-sectional study, SPT results were obtained from a total of 972 allergic patients. Common allergen extracts for SPT were selected according to the type of allergic diseases, and the geographical pattern. SPT with food allergens was performed for patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and chronic urticaria (CU). A total of 461 male (47.4%) and 511 female (52.6%) participated in this study (median age 31 years). The majority of individuals were affected with allergic rhinitis (AR) (n = 624) and asthma (n = 224); while 129 and 67 patients suffered from AD and CU, respectively. The most common aeroallergens were Russian thistle (52.1%) and lamb's quarter (50.7%) with the largest wheal diameter. The wheal size of lamb's quarter was significantly different between patients with asthma and AR (P less then .001). In addition, a significant difference was detected in wheal diameter in response to the Russian thistle between patients with AR and AD (P = .001). Shrimp (23.6%) and Peanut (22.5%) caused the most common food sensitization in patients with AD and CU. Having in mind the most common weed pollens including the Russian thistle and lamb's quarter, preventive strategies, such as, removing unwanted weeds or preventing them from growing, avoidance, and specific immunotherapy may be crucial for better disease control.
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