Notes

The impact regarding interpersonal factors within preclinical styles of cocaine abuse.
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Pulmonary endarterectomy performed at an experienced high-volume center is a safe procedure with a very favorable medium-term impact on functional, hemodynamic and right ventricular function parameters in CTEPH patients with operable disease. It is possible for PH centers without PEA differentiation to refer patients safely and effectively to an international surgical center in which air transport is necessary.
Pulmonary endarterectomy performed at an experienced high-volume center is a safe procedure with a very favorable medium-term impact on functional, hemodynamic and right ventricular function parameters in CTEPH patients with operable disease. It is possible for PH centers without PEA differentiation to refer patients safely and effectively to an international surgical center in which air transport is necessary.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an alternative therapy in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) or residual/recurrent pulmonary hypertension (PH) after surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the short-term efficacy and safety of a BPA program.

This prospective single-center study included all BPA sessions performed in CTEPH patients between 2017 and 2019. Clinical assessment including WHO functional class, plasma biomarkers, 6-min walk test (6MWT) and right heart catheterization was performed at baseline and six months after the last BPA session.

A total of 57 BPA sessions were performed in 11 CTEPH patients (64% with inoperable disease, 82% under pulmonar vasodilator therapy). Nine patients completed both the BPA program and a minimum six-month follow-up period. There were significant improvements in WHO functional class (p=0.004) and 6MWT (mean increase of 42 m; p=0.050) and a trend for significant hemodynamic improvement 25% decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (p=0.082) and 42% decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (p=0.056). MK-8245 cost In the group of patients with severely impaired hemodynamics (three patients with mPAP >40 mmHg), the reduction was significant 51% in mPAP (p=0.013) and 67% in PVR (p=0.050). Prostacyclin analogs and long-term oxygen therapy were withdrawn in all patients. Minor complications were recorded in 25% of patients. There were no major complications or deaths.

A BPA strategy on top of pulmonary vasodilator therapy further improves symptoms, exercise capacity and hemodynamics with an acceptable risk-benefit ratio in patients with inoperable CTEPH or residual/recurrent PH after surgery.
A BPA strategy on top of pulmonary vasodilator therapy further improves symptoms, exercise capacity and hemodynamics with an acceptable risk-benefit ratio in patients with inoperable CTEPH or residual/recurrent PH after surgery.
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) is essential in managing cardiovascular disease risk. Since 1972, the Friedewald formula has been used to estimate LDL concentration, although with some limitations. In 2013, Martin et al. proposed a similar but more accurate formula for calculating LDL.

To assess the applicability of the new formula, which we have named the Martin-Hopkins formula, in the Portuguese population and compare it with the Friedewald formula using direct LDL.

Cross-sectional study, including 1689 participants from the e_COR study. We applied the Martin-Hopkins and Friedewald formulas for estimated LDL (LDL-M and LDL-F). The Friedewald formula was not applied in 12 cases due to triglycerides ≥400mg/dL. Direct LDL was measured and the accepted significance level was p<0.05.

Of the total subjects, 50.2% were male and had a median age of 51 (34) years. LDL-D was 117.0 (44.0) mg/dL, LDL-M was 114.6 (43.7) mg/dL and LDL-F was 113.8 (43.2) mg/dL. The Spearman coefficient (ρ) between LDL-M/LDL-D was 0.987 and between LDL-F/LDL-D was 0.983, p=0.001. This strong correlation was maintained in the group with diabetes (LDL-M/LDL-D ρ=0.987; LDL-F/LDL-D ρ=0.978, p=0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (LDL-M/LDL-D ρ=0.983; LDL-F/LDL-D ρ=0.982, p=0.001). In terms of agreement, the highest value of κ=0.90 was obtained for LDL-M when LDL-D <100mg/dL.

The Martin-Hopkins formula performed well and had good applicability, showing superiority in relation to the Friedewald formula, especially for LDL-D values <100mg/dL, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia.
The Martin-Hopkins formula performed well and had good applicability, showing superiority in relation to the Friedewald formula, especially for LDL-D values less then 100mg/dL, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia.
Mortality and morbidity in patients with transposition of the great arteries after an arterial switch operation depends mainly on the status of coronary perfusion. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) provides accurate information on coronary morphology, however its use in these patients is not yet routine procedure.

We sought to assess its accuracy to identify acquired coronary anomalies in this population, compared to conventional angiography in a subset of patients, and assess its impact on postoperative management.

Retrospective analysis of clinical data on transposition of the great arteries in patients who underwent CCTA between January 2013 and September 2017.

Between January 2013 and September 2017, 18 patients underwent CCTA. Seven patients (39%) disclosed iatrogenic coronary lesions (stenosis 1; kinking 2, occlusion 1; filiform coronary 3). The exam was performed in 78% of patients due to suggestion of myocardial ischemia (symptoms or altered exams). Only 16% needed to undergo additional exams, and in four patients the CCTA result modified therapeutic management. Conventional coronary angiography was also performed in 10 patients (55%), and in three cases, the results were discordant with underestimation or non-identification of coronary lesions on conventional angiography. The medium radiation dose used was 2.4 mSv and no complications after CT were reported.

CCTA accurately identified iatrogenic postoperative coronary lesions and it has proven to be superior to conventional angiography in this population. It should be performed routinely in this group of patients, even in the absence of symptoms.
CCTA accurately identified iatrogenic postoperative coronary lesions and it has proven to be superior to conventional angiography in this population. It should be performed routinely in this group of patients, even in the absence of symptoms.Despite numerous promising therapeutic targets, there are no proven medical treatments for calcific aortic stenosis (AS). Multiple stakeholders need to come together and several scientific, operational, and trial design challenges must be addressed to capitalize on the recent and emerging mechanistic insights into this prevalent heart valve disease. This review briefly discusses the pathobiology and most promising pharmacologic targets, screening, diagnosis and progression of AS, identification of subgroups that should be targeted in clinical trials, and the need to elicit the patient voice earlier rather than later in clinical trial design and implementation. Potential trial end points and tools for assessment and approaches to implementation and design of clinical trials are reviewed. The efficiencies and advantages offered by a clinical trial network and platform trial approach are highlighted. The objective is to provide practical guidance that will facilitate a series of trials to identify effective medical therapies for AS resulting in expansion of therapeutic options to complement mechanical solutions for late-stage disease.
Knowledge about extracardiac anomalies (ECA) in fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) can improve our understanding of the developmental origins of various outcomes in these infants. The prevalence and spectrum of ECA, including structural brain anomalies (SBA), on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses with different types of CHD and at different gestational ages, is unknown.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate ECA rates and types on MRI in fetuses with different types of CHD and across gestation.

A total of 429 consecutive fetuses with CHD and MRI between 17 and 38 gestational weeks were evaluated. ECA and SBA rates were assessed for each type of CHD and classified by gestational age (<25 or≥25weeks) at MRI.

Of all 429 fetuses with CHD, 243 (56.6%) had ECA on MRI, and 109 (25.4%) had SBA. Among the 191 fetuses with normal genetic testing results, the ECA rate was 54.5% and the SBA rate 19.4%. Besides SBA, extrafetal (21.2%) and urogenital anomalies (10.7%) were the most prevalent ECA on MRI in all types of CHD. Predominant SBA were anomalies of hindbrain-midbrain (11.0% of all CHD), dorsal prosencephalon (10.0%) development, and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid spaces (10.5%). There was no difference in the prevalence or pattern of ECA between early (<25weeks; 45.7%) and late (≥25weeks; 54.3%) fetal MRI.

ECA and SBA rates on fetal MRI are high across all types of CHD studied, and ECA as well as SBA are already present from midgestation onward.
ECA and SBA rates on fetal MRI are high across all types of CHD studied, and ECA as well as SBA are already present from midgestation onward.
A revised definition of right heart failure (RHF) for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Intermacs database of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) was introduced in June2014.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of RHF over time and the association of RHF status at 3months with 12-month outcomes after LVAD.

All patients in Society of Thoracic Surgeons Intermacs with follow-up and supported at least 3months with a continuous flow LVAD implanted between June 2, 2014 and March 31, 2017 without a simultaneous RVAD. RHF was defined as both documentation and manifestations of elevated central venous pressures.

There were 6,118 patients included with an incidence of RHF at 3, 6, and 12months postimplant categorized as mild in 5%, 6%, and 6% and moderate in 5%, 3%, and 3%, respectively. For those with no RHF at 3months, there was a low incidence of subsequent RHF at 6 and 12months. The lack of RHF at 3months, compared with mild and moderate RHF, was associated with a lower 12-month cumulative incidence of mortality (6.9% vs 16.7% vs 28.1%; P< 0.0001) and a lower 12-month cumulative incidence of stroke (7.4% vs 9.5% vs 11.0%; P = 0.0095), gastrointestinal bleeding (14.8% vs 24.2% vs 23.6%; P< 0.0001), and rehospitalization (65.2% vs 73.2% vs 71.2%; P< 0.0001).

In patients surviving 3months with LVAD support alone, mild or moderate RHF occurred in nearly 1 of 10 patients at 12months. Patients with late RHF had worse survival and a higher cumulative incidence of major adverse events.
In patients surviving 3 months with LVAD support alone, mild or moderate RHF occurred in nearly 1 of 10 patients at 12 months. Patients with late RHF had worse survival and a higher cumulative incidence of major adverse events.
Preeclampsia is associated with increased risk of future heart failure (HF), but the relationship between preeclampsia and HF subtypes are not well-established.

The objective of this analysis was to identify the risk of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) following a delivery complicated by preeclampsia/eclampsia.

A retrospective cohort study using the New York and Florida state Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases identified delivery hospitalizations between 2006 and 2014 for women with and without preeclampsia/eclampsia. The authors identified women admitted for HF after discharge from index delivery hospitalization until September 30, 2015, using International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision-Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Patients were followed from discharge to the first instance of primary outcome (HFpEF hospitalization), death, or end of study period. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization for any HF and HF with reduced ejection fraction, separately.
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