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Stereotactic technological innovation regarding 3 dimensional bioprinting: through the perspective of software procedure.
nd yielded actionable results. More research is needed to clarify the role of persons close to older adults.BACKGROUND HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for populations at high ongoing risk for infection. There are noted racial disparities in the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for African, Caribbean, and Canadian Black (ACB, black) populations in Ontario, Canada. Although blacks represent only 4.7% of the Ontario population, they account for 30% of HIV prevalence and 25% of new infections in the province. The existing clinical public health practice toolkit has not been sufficient to optimize PrEP uptake, despite the overwhelming evidence of PrEP's efficacy for reducing HIV transmission risk. Since its establishment as an effective HIV prevention tool, the major focus in behavioral research on PrEP has been on understanding and improving adherence. To date, there is no known formalized intervention in place designed to support ACB men and women at high risk of making high-quality decisions regarding the adoption of PrEP as an HIV prevention practice. OBJECTIVE We ct size estimates. RESULTS A research award was funded on March 25, 2017. Ethical approval was received on March 25, 2019 (with supplemental approval received on May 10, 2019). Data collection started on April 9, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, we enrolled 29 patients and 24 health care providers for aim 1. We are currently analysing the data collected for aim 1. Aim 2 is scheduled to start in May 2020. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide evidence-based information on the decisional needs of black patients who are at risk of HIV and have been offered PrEP. The study will also test the effect of decision support intervention in reducing decision conflict, adoption of PrEP, and adherence to PrEP.The reported advantage of new dual-cured adhesive agents is that they do not require light curing, resulting in a reduced film thickness and improved seating of bonded all-ceramic restorations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dual-cured adhesives on the bond strength of dual-cured resin cement to dentin under different polymerization conditions with or without light curing of the dual-cured adhesive as well as with or without light curing of the dual-cured resin cement through a lithium disilicate ceramic material. Human molars were sectioned to remove the coronal tooth structure and randomly divided into 3 adhesive groups Clearfil SE Bond 2, ExciTE F DSC, and Universal Primer. learn more The adhesive agents were applied to the dentin surface with or without light activation. A dual-cured resin cement was applied, and discs of lithium disilicate were cemented to the dentin surface. Half of the discs were light cured from the top surface, and the other half were allowed to self-cure. Shear bond strength was tested after storage in distilled water for 24 hours. The effect of light curing of the adhesive or cement on the shear bond strength of the lithium disilicate discs to dentin was product dependent. Clearfil SE Bond 2 performed significantly better with light curing of both the adhesive and cement. Less significant effects of the various light-curing and self-curing combinations were observed with ExciTE F DSC or Universal Primer. When neither the adhesive nor the cement was light cured, all 3 adhesives performed poorly and had a significant loss in bond strength.While telemedicine has been adopted and is used increasingly in patient care, the dental profession is still in the relatively early stages of utilizing technology in similar ways. The number of patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities is increasing in number and complexity, calling for new approaches to assist with access to care. The current article outlines the benefits of new technology in the evaluation of all patients but particularly the more complex population that has been diagnosed with a disability. Three case examples illustrate the value of technology in remote patient observation and offer ideas for use and further research.Dens evaginatus (DE) is a developmental anomaly presenting as an enamel-covered tubercle on the occlusal surface of a premolar, particularly found in people of Asian descent. This case report describes partial pulpotomy in a mandibular premolar with a fractured evaginatus tubercle and endodontic infection. A 10.5-year-old girl of Asian descent was referred for endodontic evaluation and treatment because of local swelling and pain. Clinical examination suggested the presence of DE in a noncarious mandibular right second premolar with a diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. On access, the pulp was hemorrhagic. A single-appointment mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy and an immediate composite resin restoration were performed. Recall examinations at 3, 6, and 18 months verified periapical healing and root development without clinical symptoms. This case report suggests that MTA pulpotomy could be a viable alternative option for DE-affected immature teeth with pulpal and periapical inflammation.The objective of this clinical case report is to describe the late treatment performed in a 10-year-old patient who suffered a complicated crown fracture associated with luxation of the maxillary left central incisor. The patient-s parents reported that the patient fell and was immediately taken to a hospital, where radiographs, splinting, and suturing were performed and an anti-inflammatory prescription was provided, but no treatment was given for the exposed pulp. The parents and patient sought treatment at a pediatric dentistry clinic 16 days post-trauma. The clinical examination revealed the presence of a left central incisor with a fracture of enamel and dentin involving the pulp, which was necrotic, and a splint extending from the right lateral incisor to the left lateral incisor. However, it was not possible to diagnose the type of luxation that had occurred. The fractured incisor was treated with periodic changes of calcium hydroxide dressing for apexification for 10 months, and the root was subsequently obturated with gutta percha and root canal sealer. The tooth fragment was stored in physiologic solution during this time. After obturation, tooth darkening was observed, and LED-assisted tooth bleaching was accomplished prior to reattachment of the fractured fragment. The tooth was reexamined every 6 months. Two years after the traumatic event, the left central incisor was infraoccluded in relation to the right central incisor. A radiograph confirmed ankylosis of the traumatized tooth. When trauma affects the enamel, dentin, pulp, and supporting tissues, the prognosis can be unfavorable even when late treatment is adequate, especially when a tooth in a growing patient has points of ankylosis.Low-viscosity polymer resins, or surface sealants (SSs), have been utilized as a means of finalizing the polishing step following the placement of composite resin restorations. The aim of this study was to measure the surface roughness (Ra) of composite resins treated with different SSs before and after exposure to an accelerated artificial aging protocol. The study included 5 experimental groups of composite resin discs (TPH Spectra ST) treated with different SSs (PermaSeal, Embrace WetBond Seal-n-Shine, OptiGuard, BisCover LV, and DuraFinish) and a control group consisting of untreated discs (n = 6 per group). The discs were prepared by inserting composite resin in 10 × 1-mm rings, covering the ring and material with a transparent strip, compressing the assembly between glass slides, and polymerizing through the slides on each side for 40 seconds with an LED curing light. Each disc except for the control specimens received a coating of the selected SS followed by application of a transparent matrix strip anhibited layer of unpolymerized monomers if a covering medium is not used, the results suggest the benefits do not offset the costs considering both gloss and Ra surface-testing parameters.Three-dimensional sealing of root canals is essential for long-term endodontic success. It is sometimes difficult to achieve a fluid-tight seal in cases such as furcation defects, resorption lesions, open apices, and root fractures. Such cases require restorative materials that not only are biocompatible and well accepted by the surrounding periodontium but also will set in the wet oral environment without losing their properties. This case series describes management of an open apex, a furcal perforation, and a horizontal root fracture with a bioactive calcium silicate‒based cement (Biodentine) as root repair material. To prevent extrusion of the cement, platelet-rich fibrin was used as an external matrix. The patients were followed for 2-3 years, and the teeth demonstrated remarkable healing.Metastatic disease to the oral cavity is rare. Patients with metastasis to the oral cavity may present with swelling, pain, and paresthesia and require evaluation by providers trained in managing pathoses of the oral cavity and surrounding structures. This report describes the case of a 78-year-old man with painful enlargement of the right posterior mandible that caused paresthesia. An open biopsy procedure resulted in significant blood loss and the need for percutaneous needle biopsy. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to make the diagnosis of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma in this patient, whose primary malignancy was previously unknown. Composite resection of the metastatic lesion and reconstruction were performed with the use of virtual surgical planning, an osteomyocutaneous free tissue transfer, and a custom reconstruction plate. This case highlights the importance of dental professionals in the diagnosis and management of lesions of the head and neck and adds to the literature on metastatic lesions to the region.This case report describes the treatment of a patient who had molar-incisor hypomineralization associated with dental fluorosis, a diagnosis established through a comprehensive review of the clinical record, an intraoral clinical examination, and assessment of photographic records. First, dental hypersensitivity was treated with fluoride varnish, which was applied separately to each dental quadrant. Subsequently, the functional and esthetic reconstruction of the permanent maxillary central incisors was completed in a single session through the placement of direct composite resin veneers. After the treatment, the patient was reexamined monthly for 12 months to evaluate the durability of the restorations. At the 12-month follow-up, no fractures or pigmentations were observed, and only a slight loss of brightness of the restorations was noted. The dental hypersensitivity had been eliminated. When an adhesive restorative technique with composite resin is well executed, it is possible to obtain satisfactory and long-lasting esthetics and relief of painful symptoms.Recently there has been an increased demand for natural remedies for management of dental and oral diseases. The bioactive antimicrobial compounds in garlic (Allium sativum) may provide an alternative to traditional management of oral health maladies. This literature review summarizes the evidence regarding potential uses of garlic in dental medicine. Keywords were searched in the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases to obtain original research, reviews, and data relating to the influence of garlic on pathogens, inflammation, and oral disease. Garlic derivatives have shown antimicrobial effects against periodontal and carious pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans. Comparisons to sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide treatments yielded significant support for the effectiveness of garlic extract on the management of endodontic infections. The use of garlic for the treatment of oral candidiasis and recurrent aphthous ulcers also exhibited success without the complications associated with traditional therapy.
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