Notes

Relative Gene Appearance Information involving Leishmania main and Leishmania infantum Promastigotesa
It seems that changing job descriptions of health workers, reviewing health priorities, increasing lobbying activities are mechanisms that can help overcome barriers to health education in the rural communities.
It seems that changing job descriptions of health workers, reviewing health priorities, increasing lobbying activities are mechanisms that can help overcome barriers to health education in the rural communities.
Healthcare professionals might play a significant role in tobacco control. The aims of this study were to investigate tobacco cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) consumption among university students enrolled in courses of the healthcare area, and to understand whether training in healthcare could induce to smoking cessation.

Cross-sectional survey using a self-administered, structured questionnaire.

Tobacco smoking habits of 560 students of four different medical area courses at the University of Milan, enrolled both in the first and in the last course year during the 2017-2018 academic year, were collected.

The prevalence of smokers was 34.8%, almost the same for males and females, and higher in Italian students compared to foreigners. Smoking prevalence was higher among employed (46.9%) than unemployed (35.1%) students, without differences between healthcare and non-healthcare workers. The influence of family, and particularly friends, is confirmed to be relevant. About 25% of respondents tried e-cigarettes, mainly smokers (44.6%) and former smokers (38.6%) with the goal of quitting smoking. More than 44% were dual users of both tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Comparing smoking habits between first-year and final-year students, only students of healthcare assistance course showed a significant drop in smoking during the university studies.

The implementation of specific educational curricula on smoking dangers and on smoking cessation techniques might have the double effect of supporting students in quitting smoking and of properly preparing them for their future task of helping people to quit smoking.
The implementation of specific educational curricula on smoking dangers and on smoking cessation techniques might have the double effect of supporting students in quitting smoking and of properly preparing them for their future task of helping people to quit smoking.
The free-lance nurse, not bound to rigid organizational systems, can offer personalized assistance always respecting the rights of the person and of the profession. More recent graduates have decided to undertake the nursing profession by moving towards the free-lance nursing, considering it both as a career opening and as a professional opportunity, although this option never got much attention from the researchers in the Italian nursing scene. Free-lance nursing is now considered a valuable opportunity to develop a nursing career. This market is destined to grow for different reasons, such as an increasing chronicity of health conditions of more and more ageing population and the deficits of the National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale - SSN) in community and home care.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the development of the free-lance nursing and the Italian socio-economic context.

The design of the study was descriptive - observational. Data collection and obant.

It can be stated that the free-lance nursing profession is costly for patients and therefore develops more revenue where the average per capita income grows, but the research also seems to show that, where the National Health Service has too few nurses, the private demand increases in order to satisfy healthcare needs.
It can be stated that the free-lance nursing profession is costly for patients and therefore develops more revenue where the average per capita income grows, but the research also seems to show that, where the National Health Service has too few nurses, the private demand increases in order to satisfy healthcare needs.[This corrects the article doi 10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.11472020].The objective of this article is to determine the relationship between frailty and socio-demographic/clinical characteristics in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. read more A cross-sectional study was conducted with 107 participants. Descriptive, correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed, with the level of significance set to 5% (p less then 0.05). The prevalence of frailty was 47.66%. Frailty was negatively correlated with cognition (r = -0.30; p = 0.002), functioning on instrumental activities of daily living (r = -0.41; p = 0.000) and hematocrit level (r = -0.19; p = 0.04). The proportion of frailty increased with the age of the participants (OR = 1.03; 95%CI 1.004-1.069; p = 0.02). Individuals with chronic kidney disease on dialysis had high percentages of frailty, which was associated with an older age and correlated with cognition, functioning on instrumental activities of daily living and a lower hemotocrit level.The main goal of the study was to determine the factors associated with dependence to perform instrumental activities of daily living in the elderly. A population-based case-control study was conducted, with 180 elderly people from Passo Fundo-RS, 2014. The cases were represented by 60 individuals aged ≥ 60 years, dependents to perform instrumental activities of daily living residents of the urban area of the city. The controls were represented by 120 individuals, not dependents to perform instrumental activities of daily living, residents of the urban area of the city. Crude and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression were performed to test the association between the outcome and the independent variables, estimating the crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and calculating the 95% confidence intervals respectively. All the variables with p ≤ 0.20 were included in the final model. Remained statistically significant after adjusted analysis being aged 80 years or more (OR = 1.76; CI95% 1.01-3.08), having studied from 1 to 4 years (OR = 2.36; CI95% 1.35-4.14), being illiterate (OR = 2.98; CI95% 1.52-5.84), having Parkinson's disease (OR = 2.44; CI95% 1.39-4.29) and the presence of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.88; CI95% 1.30-2.72).
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