Notes

New Progress Curves regarding Spanish Young children (0-10 Decades) in the Region of Extremadura.
The increase in the number of studies related to the health of university students has attracted attention at the time of COVID-19. This initiative contributes to preparing the school environment for the return of face-to-face activities with conducts that minimize the damage caused by the pandemic. The role of each actor in the educational scenario is fundamental for us to be able to reap good fruits after this storm.Epigenetics studies focused on SARS-CoV-2 infection to assist in the perception of pathophysiology can direct prospective approaches for the COVID-19 treatment. There is an intrinsic relationship between epigenetic marks and the adaptation of the immune system, which determines the outcome of the pathogen-host interaction. Recently, studies have shown that there is an increased expression of the ACE2 receptor in individuals with Lupus, the origin of this phenomenon is from DNA's methylation deregulation process that consequently, become this group more suitable to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. There is evidence for the use of some epigenetic modifiers known as Epidrugs, which might be a promising approach to be deeper investigated. Here we emphasize the importance of this glance upon Epigenetic and its modulators in the promising therapeutic in the COVID-19 disease context.Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania and includes cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral clinical forms. Drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment present high toxicity, and development of parasite resistance. Plants constitute an important source of compounds with leishmanicidal potential. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction of Eugenia pruniformis leaves (TF-EpL). TF-EpL was active against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis with IC50(24h) value of 43.60μg/mL and 44.77μg/mL, respectively. TF-EpL altered the cell cycle of the parasite, increasing 2.32-fold the cells in the Sub-G0/G1 phase. TF-EpL also changed the ΔΨm and increased ROS and the number of annexin-V-PI positive promastigotes, which suggests incidental death. β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, corosolic acid and asiatic acid were isolated from TF-EpL. The results showed the antileishmanial activity of E. pruniformis terpenoids and its potential for further studies as a source of new drugs for leishmaniasis.The industrial demand for proteolytic enzymes is stimulating the search for new enzyme sources. Fungal enzymes are preferred over bacterial enzymes, and more effective and easier to extract. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of protease production by solid state fermentation (SSF) of Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262, evaluate different specific activities, purify and partially characterize the enzyme in terms of biochemical as to the optimal pH and temperature. Initially, the enzyme crude extract was screened for 3 different proteolytic activities, collagenolytic (161.4 U/mL), keratinolytic (39.6 U/mL) and fibrinolytic (26.1 U/mL) in addition to conventional proteinase activity. After ammonium sulfate precipitation, the active fractions with fibrinolytic activity were dialyzed in 15 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8, loaded onto DEAE-Sephadex A50 ion-exchange column and gel filtrated through Superdex 75 HR10/300. The enzyme showed a fibrinolytic maximum activity at 40 C and pH 9,0. The purified enzyme showed activity against a chromogenic chymotrypsin substrate, SDS-PAGE showing a molecular mass of approximately 70 kDa and, the specific activity of 25.93 U/mg. These characteristics suggest that the enzyme could be and efficiently produced in a simple and low-cost way using Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 in SSF.The intrauterine environment is infl uenced by several factors, genetic or environmental, which are essential in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of some diseases. In this study, the aim was to investigate the impact of prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure on the development of rats. Fifty pregnant rats received intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (100 µg/kg), or saline at the same dose, on the 9.5th day of pregnancy. The offspring of these rats were analyzed for indicators of brain and somatic development and maturation of physical characteristics. Refl ex ontogenesis was also analyzed by vibrissae placement, negative geotaxis, palmar grasp, precipice aversion, decubitus recovery and acceleration reaction. Administration of lipopolysaccharide on the 9.5th gestational day caused delayed opening of the auditory pavilion, reduction in the length of the tail, body, cranial axes, and body weight. Thus, maternal infections can interfere in the intrauterine environment, impairing functional and structural aspects of the central nervous system, as well as the maturation of physical characteristics.Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by a loss of bone mass and structure and increasing the risk of fragility fractures, mostly among postmenopausal women. Sheep is a recognized large animal model for osteoporosis research. An experimental group of ewes (3-4 years old) was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and weekly glucocorticoid (GC) application for 24 weeks and compared with a sham control group. Blood and bone marrow parameters were analyzed before and 24 weeks after OVX and GC administration. Osteopenia was confirmed through micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis of L4 vertebra in the study end. A statistically significant increase was observed in mean corpuscular volume, mean cell hemoglobin and monocytes and a decrease in red blood count and eosinophils (p less then 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, magnesium and α1-globulin increased, and creatinine, albumin, sodium and estradiol decreased (p less then 0.05). A slight decrease of bone formation markers (bone ALP and osteocalcin) and an increase of bone resorption markers (C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type 1 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) were observed, but without statistical significance. This study aims to contribute to better knowledge of sheep as a model for osteoporosis research and the consequences that a performed induction protocol may impose on organic metabolism.Pre-eclampsia results in real risk and significant impact on indicators related to maternal and child health. The only known treatment is delivery of the fetus and placenta. Despite intensive research, the causes of PE remain to be elucidated. It is suggested that pre-eclampsia is caused by a global maternal inflammatory response to a damaged placenta. Besides inflammation, cytotoxic and apoptotic mechanisms are also implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Considering the importance of apoptosis to pre-eclampsia genesis, the aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of the genotypes for FAS gene polymorphisms (rs3740286 and rs4064) and to associate these with pre-eclampsia development. Women with and without pre-eclampsia were investigated. Accordingly, peripheral blood was collected, and DNA extracted, followed by genotyping using Real-time PCR with hydrolysis probe. The results showed no association between genotypes and pre-eclampsia development for both polymorphisms studied (χ2=3.39; p=.177, for rs3740286 and χ2=0.119; p=.94 for rs4064). Women with familiar history of pre-eclampsia and primiparity showed more probability to develop the condition, by multiple logistic regression analysis (OR=8.61, CI=3.39-21.86, p less then 0.0001; OR=6.64. CI=2.94-14.99, p less then 0.0001, respectively). It seems that FAS gene polymorphisms (rs3740286 and rs4064) might not be important candidates for the development of pre-eclampsia.The World Drug Report 2019 presented an alarming figure to the world more than 5% of the world's population has been using some type of illicit drug, and that number is growing every year. While its use increases, its abuse during pregnancy has become a global public health problem, resulting in medical and social challenges related to maternal and child health. In this context, the objective of this review was to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use during gestation across the globe, alongside with a critical review of the evaluated studies. Research was performed by simultaneously searching terms ("pregnant woman OR pregnant" OR "gestation" OR "pregnancy" AND "illicit drugs" OR "street drugs") in the databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, PubMed, and Web of Science. Comparisons between studies were performed in software Statistica 10.0. The data presented worrying results in relation to the variation in prevalence of illicit drug use during pregnancy, when comparing studies based on interviews or questionnaires (self-reported) (1.65%) and studies based on toxicological analysis (12.28%). In addition, we emphasize the high prevalence (5.16%) of illicit drug use among adolescent pregnant women and the low number of studies on this population. This study reveals worrying data about pregnant drug-user population, mainly the underestimation of prevalence in studies that use only questionnaires or similar methods in comparison to studies that use toxicological analysis of biological matrices. This scenario reveals necessity for health systems in different countries to establish specific public health policies for this population.In recent years, it is very important to find more safe and natural antioxidants than biological sources to replace synthetic antioxidants. The antioxidant properties of 22 lactic acid bacteria were investigated in vitro in the present study. selleck products The conducted in vitro antioxidant assays included scavenging the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) free radical, metal (Fe+2) ion chelation, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging properties, and anti-lipid peroxidation. Analysis of DPPH free radical scavenging property of microorganisms demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum IH14L (90.34 ± 0.40%) strain exhibited the highest activity. The highest Fe+2 chelation activity was observed with Lactobacillus curvatus GH5L (75.98 ± 5.35%), while the lowest chelation activity was observed with L. plantarum IH14L (19.80 ± 0,05). The highest and lowest hydroxyl radical scavenging strains were L. plantarum IH16L (82.25 ± 1.60%) and L. plantarum IH26L (35.60 ± 4.50) strains, respectively. Comparison of superoxide radical scavenging activities of the microorganisms demonstrated that these activities ranged between 21.63 ± 1.32% and 7.22 ± 0.04%. A positive correlation was identified between the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the microorganisms and the anti-lipid peroxidation property. It was found that they had the potential for use in nutritional and probiotic applications as protective and natural antioxidants.Sciaena umbra is a species of fish with large otoliths. These otoliths are used for treatment of kidney stone disease with high morbidity among the public. In present study, the first group was determined as a control. Group 2 was applied to rats by adding 1% ethylene glycol to drinking water. Group 3 rats were given 50 mg/kg otolith by gavage daily. Group 4 rats were administered by adding ethylene glycol and otolith was given. Group 5 rats were added ethylene glycol for the first 30 days. Then next 15 days, the rats were given only otolith. the Serum CREA and BUN levels and urine calcium, phosphate and pH levels were determined to be damaged by ethylene glycol. Free radicals and oxidative damage caused by ethylene glycol were determined from oxidative/antioxidative parameters. Ethylene glycol has also been shown to be inflammatory. There is no positive effect on oxidative stress. From the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in renal tissue, SUO has shown the triggering effect of inflammation. All data indicate that otolith is not an agent that can be used in nephropathy in the kidney.
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