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Animations bioprinted as well as integrated programs pertaining to cardiovascular tissue custom modeling rendering along with substance testing.
[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05941.].Tuberculosis (TB) is a re-emerging disease occurring worldwide, resulting in multi-billion-dollar loss and human death annually. The situation is worse in developing countries like Ethiopia, where lower knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the people is poor about the disease. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess livestock owners' KAP level towards human and bovine Tuberculosis in Gondar, Ethiopia. A total of 349 study participants were addressed through a face-to-face interview. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-squares analysis were used to analyze the data and observe the association between outcome (KAP level) and predictor variables (sociodemographic characteristics). Out of the 349 respondents, 223 (63.9%) were males, while 126 (36.1%) were females. The KAP measuring interview indicated that 97.4% of the participants are aware of human tuberculosis, while only 84 (24.1%) know about bovine tuberculosis cause and mode of transmission. Inhalation was reported as the main route of transmission for human TB (41.1%) whereas, 50% of the respondent mentioned inhalation, contact, and ingestion of raw animal products as the main route of TB transmission from animal to human. Among those who have heard of bovine tuberculosis, only 56 (66.7%) of respondents consider bovine tuberculosis as a significant threat to public health. The study showed there is a lower KAP on bovine TB among cattle owners in the study area. Therefore, community health education about the impact of the disease, transmission, control, and prevention should be integrated with one health-oriented education and research to eradicate the disease from the country.The outbreak of COVID-19 has engendered a global health crisis along with diverse impacts on economy, society and environment. Efforts to combat this pandemic have also significantly shot-up the quantity of Bio-medical Waste (BMW) generation. Safe disposal of large quantity of BMW has been gradually posing a major challenge. BMW management is mostly implemented at municipal level following regulatory guidelines defined by respective states and the Union. This article is a narrative of the status of BMW generation, management and regulation in India in the context of COVID-19 crisis. The article is based on comparative analysis of data on BMW generation and management from authentic sources, a systematic literature review and review of news reports. In the current pandemic situation where media has been playing a significant role in highlighting all the concerns related to COVID-19 spread and management. Assessing the ground situation regarding effectiveness of prevailing BMW management facilities, requirement and suggestions can provide insights to the subject with policy implications for India and countries as well. The discussion has been built on different dimensions of BMW management during the pandemic including existing infrastructures, capacity utilisation, policy guidelines, operational practices and waste-handlers aspects. The results on state-wise analysis of reported BMW quantity and active COVID-19 patients also reveal some non-linear relationship between the two variables. Delhi, the National Capital is situated at a better position in terms of BMW management as compared to other studied states. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights to the policy makers and other relevant authorities to evaluate adequateness as well as efficiency quotients of entire BMW management landscape. Some of the critical observations of this article are also expected to offer impetus for enhancing national disaster preparedness in future.Droplet size distribution of dispersed oil in deep-water is critical to the transport and biodegradation of spilled oil in deep-sea. Few studies have focused on the effects of pressure on chemically dispersed oil through experiments. This study thus simulated how the crude oil homogenously pre-dispersed by Corexit 9500A using baffled flasks would behave after being exposed to deep-water conditions. Key factors included dispersant-to-oil ratio (DOR), mixing energy (energy dissipation rate and Kolmogorov microscale), and pressure (up to 150 bar). The variations of pressure were demonstrated to have insignificant effects on the size distribution of pre-dispersed oil. Both the average and medium droplet sizes were correlated negatively with DOR and mixing energy in an established model with a p-value ≤ 0.0011. The log-normal and log-logistic distributions provided a reasonable fit to simulate the droplet size distribution. The two parameters of log-logistic distribution were dependent on DOR and mixing energy with a p-value less then 0.005. The results would be valuable to advance the understanding of the behaviours and trajectories of chemically dispersed oil under deep-water conditions. The research helped provide more scientific evidence to improve the understanding of dispersed oil behaviours under high pressure and support deep-sea oil spill research and potential extension of the existing results from shallow water to deep water conditions.This study was conducted to identify the main risk factors for Salmonella spp. persistence in broiler flocks in Reunion Island. Seventy broiler farms were surveyed from March 2016 to June 2018. Samples of fresh droppings were collected using gauze socks, and a questionnaire was completed with the farmers. Persistence was defined as an infection with the same serovar before and after cleaning and disinfection (C/D) of poultry houses. Salmonella spp. was found to persist on 27% of the farms. Cleaning concrete surrounding areas (OR = 0.23) and disinfecting silos (OR = 0.17) reduced the risk of pathogen persistence. An analysis of infections of pests found in the vicinity of the farms confirmed their role in the persistence of Salmonella spp. Fifteen percent of the pests were infected and the presence of mealworms in poultry litter (OR = 6.69) was found to increase the risk of Salmonella spp. persistence. We conclude that improved cleaning-disinfection, sanitary preventive measures and pest control in the poultry sector are needed to avoid the persistence of Salmonella spp. on broiler farms.Augmented Reality (AR) systems have been shown to positively affect mental workload and task performance across a broad range of application contexts. Despite the interest in mental workload and the increasing number of studies evaluating AR use, an attempt has yet to be made to identify the relationship between the effects of AR on mental workload and task performance. This paper seeks to address this gap in AR technology literature. With a better understanding how AR affects mental workload and task performance, researchers and developers can design more effective AR systems. 34 articles investigating the effects of the use of AR systems were selected for the review. A positive correlation was found between effects on mental workload and effects on task performance if the effect on mental workload is positive, then the effects on task performance are more likely to be positive as well, and vice versa. Effectiveness of AR systems were shown to be influenced by the type of AR display device used, relevance and timeliness of content, information presentation, user characteristics and task characteristics. Additionally, the paper addresses the use of the concept of mental workload and limitations in current literature.This research aimed to test the effects of Piper betle L. from Vietnam on fibroblasts and UC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) from human umbilical cord (UC) on the scratch assay. We tested the extract at different concentrations and then assessed the level of expression of the factors involved in the inflammatory process on fibroblasts including IL-33, VCAM, CD248 by assay real time qPCR. At the concentrations of 0.025 μL/mL and 0.03 μL/mL, the extracts positively affected fibroblast proliferation and UC-MSCs. By contrast, the concentration of 0.058 μL/mL, the extract was toxic to UC-MSCs and fibroblast cell lines, the cells were no longer able to survive. qPCR results show that Piper betle L. extract has the ability to reduce the expression levels of IL-33 (50.8%), VCAM (32.1%), CD248 (46.13%) which trigger inflammatory processes, thereby reducing cellular stress and promoting the process of healing scratches. Our study revealed the proliferation capabilities of Piper betle L. extract from Vietnam In vitro. Hence, Piper betle L. could be recommended as a potential source of wound healing agents.Conventional synthesis of the phthalazine has already allowed affording the phthalazin-1-one phthalazin-1-ol dynamic equilibrium that decreases the anticancer activity due to diminishing the concentration of the phthalazin-1-ol product. Nowadays, pure phthalazin-1-ol (5) can be gaining by using green microwave tools that increase the power of the phthalazine nucleus as an anticancer drug. A microscopic thermal kinetic parameter like activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the chemical plasma organic reactions affording pure phthalazin-1-ol (5) is calculated by using DFT simulation is obtained. Then we fed these parameters into the exact Arrhenius model to evaluate the distribution of chemical equilibrium conditions for producing phthalazin-1-ol. The proposed novel models that matching between microscopic and macroscopic show that the thermal stability of the equivalent temperature of phthalazin-1-ol is more stable than phthalazinone-1-one (4) in case of using plasma organic effect (green microwave) at 485 K. The structures of the prepared compounds were explained by physical and spectral data like FT-IR, 1H-NMR. Moreover, the theoretical calculations of Gibbs entropy of the phase transfer confirmed the equilibrium state of phthalazin-1-ol with the experimental result is achieved. find more Briefly, we introduce a good study for obtaining more stable phthalazin-1-ol isomer by using a green microwave method which is considered as good anticancer reagents of phenolic group (OH) and p-propenyl-anisole precursor as anise oil analogous.Melatonin was discovered as a pineal gland hormone in animals and is now more significantly known as a signaling molecule in plants' biotic and abiotic stressors. Melatonin has been traced back to prokaryotic organisms during evolution and its primary function of antioxidant scavenging free radicals in photosynthetic prokaryotic bacteria is a lesser explored and exciting area for further research globally. The authors at IIT Delhi are trying to establish its potential role in stress management in agriculture. The present manuscript addresses the biosynthetic pathways hitherto suggested by scientists. In this manuscript, the potential scope of melatonin in agriculture as a growth promoter, post-harvest loss inhibitor, and signaling and quality improvement molecule is envisaged.This work is concerned with the numerical study of laminar, steady MHD mixed convection flow, and entropy generation analysis of A l 2 O 3 -water nanofluid flowing in a lid-driven trapezoidal enclosure. The aspect ratio of the cavity is taken very small. The cavity is differentially heated to study the fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer rate. The adiabatic upper wall of the enclosure is allowed to move with a constant velocity along the positive x-direction. The second-order finite difference approximation is employed to discretize the governing partial differential equations, and a stream-function velocity formulation is used to solve the coupled non-linear partial differential equations numerically. The simulated results are plotted graphically through streamlines, isotherms, entropy generation, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The computations indicate that the average Nusselt number and average Sherwood number are decreasing functions of Hartmann number, aspect ratio, and nanoparticle volume fraction.
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