Notes

If the Reddish Wave Sheets In: A Red Trend Connected Angioedema Case Record.
Diarrhea was more common in dry season than in wet season.
Pre-weaned small ruminants reared in the large herd were more susceptible to diarrhea. Escherichia coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., and Eimeria spp. were the most predominant enteropathogens causing diarrhea in small ruminants in Kuwait. Diarrhea was more common in dry season than in wet season.
Micro-computed tomography (µCT), a modern imaging technique, provides detailed information on the bone morphology of small animal models.

The objectives are 1) to produce three dimensional (3D) models from µCT images of femoral and tibial bones of New Zealand rabbits, and 2) to estimate and compare morphometric and volumetric results among genders as well as left and right sides.

A total of twenty adult New Zealand rabbits (10 females, 10 males, aged 12-18 weeks, weight= 2.5-3 kg) were used for this study. ‏‏Three dimensional reconstructed models of the femoral and tibial bones of rabbits were created from cross-sectional images of µCT using the 3D Slicer program. Anatomical structures were determined on these 3D bone models. Afterward, morphometric parameters such as length, thickness, and width of various parts of the bones were calculated with volume and volume ratio values of cortical bone, trabecular bone, and medullary cavity.

The gender*laterality interaction term was found statistically significant in measurements of femoral diaphysis diameter (FDD), internal femoral diaphysis diameter (IFDD), femoral head diameter (FHD), tibial diaphysis diameter (TDD), tibial distal width (TDH), and tibial proximal width (TPW) (P<0.001). The gender*laterality interaction term was not significant in volume and volume fraction values of cortical bone, trabecular bone, and medullary cavity (P>0.05).

It is thought that the study will contribute to the orthopedic experimental studies of rabbits for femoral and tibial bones and will bring a modern perspective to the field of veterinary anatomy.
It is thought that the study will contribute to the orthopedic experimental studies of rabbits for femoral and tibial bones and will bring a modern perspective to the field of veterinary anatomy.
Incidences of production and metabolic diseases in dairy cows have increased over the last few decades because of the increasing trends in milk production. Production diseases cause different and distinct depressions in milk production that lead to different and major economic losses in large dairy herds.

The objective of this study was to determine milk production depression and its economic losses due to different production diseases in selected large dairy herds of Iran.

Production and health data from 17 large dairy herds with a total of 146464 observations across three parities were obtained. Milk yield depressions were estimated for three phases of lactation including 1) 5-60, 2) 61-120, and 3) 121-180 days in milk. Data were analyzed using Mixed Models of SAS program (v. Empesertib inhibitor 9.3) with fixed effects of the diseases, calving year, calving month, parity, and herd with cow age at calving as covariates.

The data demonstrated significant effects of different production diseases on milk production depressctive studies are needed to enable developing effective strategies for optimizing modern and postmodern dairy production in Iran.
Displaced abomasum and laminitis caused the highest and lowest depressions in milk yield, respectively. The findings suggest that commercial dairy production management strategies in Iran require reassessment and refinement. Overfeeding of concentrates should be ceased. Future economic and reproductive studies are needed to enable developing effective strategies for optimizing modern and postmodern dairy production in Iran.
The quality of shrimp, as high perishable seafood, can readily be effected by microbial, chemical, and physical alterations during storage.

In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating either alone or incorporated with variable levels of clove oil nanoemulsion (CNE) (10, 20, and 30 mg/ml) was developed to sustain the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage.

Changes in microbial, chemical, textural, color (L*, a*, b*), and sensory parameters of the studied groups evaluated through distinct experimental approaches.

Based on our results, the pattern of increase in the aerobic plate count (APC) and psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC) in different groups were reported as the following order CMC + CNE < CMC < control. Also, CMC and CNE integration decreased the upward trend of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to that of the control group during storage at 4°C for 10 days (P<0.05). During the storage period, the decrease of the L* value in the control group was greater than the others; whereas, the lowest a* and b* values were observed in this group (P<0.05). Besides, the textural and sensory properties of coated shrimp were significantly more acceptable (P<0.05).

Integration of CNE in CMC coating promisingly improves the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage.
Integration of CNE in CMC coating promisingly improves the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage.
Canine leptospirosis is a serious public health concern.

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of conserved first to fifth domains of recombinant
immunoglobulin like protein B antigen (rLigBCon1-5) as a serodiagnostic marker for detecting canine leptospirosis.

A total of 340 unvaccinated canine serum samples were screened using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and rLigBCon1-5 based immunoglobulin G (IgG) indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). Further, 60 vaccinated canine sera were screened using MAT and rLigBCon1-5 based latex agglutination test (LAT).

Microscopic agglutination test results revealed seropositivity of 28.6%. The relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IgG I-ELISA in comparison to MAT were 100%, 96.0%, and 97.2%, respectively. Out of 60 vaccinated sera, 46 sera reacted with MAT alone, and eight sera reacted by both tests, while six sera were non-reactive with both tests. Anti-LigB antibodies were detected in eight canine sera by rLigBCon1-5 based anti-LigB antibodies in eight vaccinated sera where the vaccine failure occurred partially or totally due to the limited efficacy spectrum of Nobivac® RL and cold chain breakage. This vaccine could not provide cross-protection against locally circulating Leptospira serovars. The recombinant LigBCon1-5 antigen based LAT possesses capability of differentiating infected from vaccinated individuals (DIVA capability) when employed as a pen-side test for detecting canine leptospirosis.
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are produced in foods under favorable conditions and considered a potential biological threat.

The study was performed to detect enterotoxigenic genes of A and B in coagulase-positive (CPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) to evaluate biotypes and antibiotic resistance of isolated
from different meat.

A total of 160 meat swab samples were collected from lamb, water buffalo, cattle, and chicken carcasses. Presumptive colonies on Baird Parker agar were subjected to biochemical identification, including Gram staining, catalase, oxidase, and coagulase activity. Relevant colonies separately were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for identification of
genus, enterotoxigenic genes (
and
) and the thermonuclease gene (
) specific for the
. The antibiotic susceptibility test was also carried out using five antibiotics.

Totally, 150
spp. were isolated from the samples among which 135 (90%) isolates harbored
gene, meanwhile, nonen buffalo meat, and thus they are recognized as potential hazards in different meats.
Hydranencephaly is the unilateral or bilateral loss of cerebral hemispheres and their replacement by a cerebrospinal fluid-filled sac that is caused by some teratogenic viruses. This disorder can be recognized before death occurs, using computed tomography (CT) scan. Pathological findings are also useful for the confirmation of the diagnosis.

The aim of this study was to determine features of hydranencephaly in calves by CT.

In this study, CT images were obtained from the skulls of 7 same-age calves with neurological signs, affected by Akabane virus, after slaughter. To compare the Hounsfield unit (HU) obtained from each brain region with the normal one, a normal calf's (with the same age) CT images were considered. Then, HU was measured in different parts of the affected calves' brain and compared with the normal calf's brain.

Computed tomography images of affected calves indicated a hypoattenuated density of cerebral hemispheres, and the mean value of HU significantly decreased in these parts of the brain compared to normal calves (P=0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean value of the brain stem HU of the affected calves and the normal ones (P=0.066). In the gross pathology, asymmetric fluid-filled sacs that replaced cerebral hemispheres were observed, but the brain stems were intact in all cases.

The results showed a strong correlation between CT scan and pathology findings in calves with hydranencephaly. This is the first CT scan-mediated study of calves with hydranencephaly.
The results showed a strong correlation between CT scan and pathology findings in calves with hydranencephaly. This is the first CT scan-mediated study of calves with hydranencephaly.
Probiotics may improve milk quality and the general health status of animals.

The effects of dietary
PRM101 on milk components, milk fatty acids (FA), and some health indicators of dairy cows were investigated.

The probiotic was added to the feed of 12 Holstein cows (2 g/cow 2 × 10
CFU/cow) for 63 days compared to a control group fed on the basal ration (n=11). Milk and blood samples were taken on days 0, 21, 42, and 63.

The yields of milk and energy corrected milk (ECM; computed from milk weight and its fat and protein content) decreased linearly and similarly (P=0.60) in both groups. The treatment cows, however, showed quadratic increases in the weights of milk (P=0.03) and ECM (P=0.04) at d42 of the study. Energy corrected milk (d42, P<0.05) and crude protein content of milk (d42, P<0.05; d63, P<0.1) were higher in the cows receiving the probiotic. The proportions of heptadecanoic (C170; P=0.002) and linoleic (C182; P=0.077) acids in milk fat (g/100 g fat) were higher in the treatment cows on d63. Milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and similarly, amyloid A (AA) and haptoglobin (Hp) of milk and blood were not affected. Total antioxidant capacity and MDA were negatively correlated in the control group (r=-0.669, P=0.005). Heptadecanoic acid correlated negatively with milk MDA (r=-0.611, P=0.035) and positively (r=0.591, P=0.043) with serum Hp in the treatment cows.

Dietary
PRM101 may improve the proportions of C170 and C182 FA in milk. Some improvements in milk protein and the health status of the cows may also be anticipated.
Dietary B. coagulans PRM101 may improve the proportions of C170 and C182 FA in milk. Some improvements in milk protein and the health status of the cows may also be anticipated.
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