Notes

Uneven Enamide-Imine Tautomerism from the Kinetic Decision involving Tertiary Alcohols.
In our opinion, it is essential to report data about COVID-19 disaggregated by sex, age, and race, because the knowledge of gender differences is fundamental to identify effective and customized treatments to reduce hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units, and mortality.A worldwide outbreak of a respiratory illness, first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China is ongoing. The disease is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and on February 11, 2020, was officially named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. Within few weeks, it has spread globally to the extent that World Health Organization declared it as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. India's first positive case was reported on January 30th in Kerala. Before March 3rd, India had 3 cases of coronavirus in Kerala all of which were treated and discharged. On March 3rd, India's 4th case was diagnosed in the state of Rajasthan. Indian government had announced a number of preventive measures to minimize the entry and spread of coronavirus. On March 3rd, India announced the suspension of all visas issued to Italy, Iran, South Korea and Japan. India banned international flights from March 22nd. A 21-day lockdown across the country was imposed from March 26th, which later got further extended. Rigorous contact tracing and tracking of COVID patients and monitoring home quarantine helped in preventing community transmission. The aim of this work is to describe the experience with clinical and epidemiologic features, as well as with the management of COVID-19 patients in north India. This is a descriptive study of the 17 COVID-19 infected patients confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and admitted to a tertiary care centre in India from March 11th 2020 to April 16th 2020. The present work also provides insight in to treatment provided and final outcome of the patients infected with COVID-19 in India. Laboratory investigations in COVID-19 patients in the Indian subcontinent reveal lymphopenia as predominant finding in hemogram. Patients with older age and associated comorbidities (COPD, hypertension and diabetes) seem to have greater risk for lung injury, thereby requiring oxygen support during the course of disease.
Beta-alanine has become a dietary supplement widely used by athletes due to its ergogenic effect. However, there is still no consensus on the performance benefit of beta-alanine on exercise lasting longer than ten minutes. selleck chemicals llc The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on running performance and the expression of TauT and PAT1.

This double-blind, randomized study enrolled 16 long-distance runners (37 ± 8 years) who were randomly allocated to two groups Placebo (PLA) and Beta-alanine (BA) (4.8 g·day-1) for four weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption, anthropometry, body composition, and food intake were determined. Before and after the intervention, the athletes undertook a 5,000 m running time trial. Venous blood (TauT and PAT1 expressions) and ear lobe capillary blood (lactate) collected before and after exercise. Between tests, we monitored the training variables.

The results were analyzed by T-tests and an ANOVA of repeated measures, with Sidak's post hoc (p<0.05). PLA exhibited lower body fat than BA (8.7 ± 2.2 vs. 11.5 ± 2.8%, p=0.04). After supplementation, there was an increase in PAT1 expression in BA when compared to PLA (1.17 ± 0.47 vs. 0.77 ± 0.18, p=0.04). No significant differences were shown for the 5,000 m running time in PLA (PRE1128 ± 72; POST1123 ± 72s) and BA (PRE1107 ± 95; POST1093 ± 86s).

Although beta-alanine supplementation increased PAT1 expression, there was no statistically significant improvement in 5,000 m running performance. However, individual responses should be considered as the BA showed a higher delta than the PLA.
Although beta-alanine supplementation increased PAT1 expression, there was no statistically significant improvement in 5,000 m running performance. However, individual responses should be considered as the BA showed a higher delta than the PLA.
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of semi-squat exercise with a flywheel device and free weights on parameters of physical performance.

48 well-trained male athletes were randomly divided into three subject groups (n = 16 each), two training groups (DT and RT) and one control group (CON). The duration of the intervention program was 8 weeks with frequency 2 times per week. Squat (SJ), countermovement (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) tests were evaluated pre- and postprogram. Additionally, sprint performance in 10 (T10) and 30 meters (T30) was evaluated. The mechanical parameters of semi-squat exercise were analysed pre- and postintervention program. Specifically, the optimum power load (OPL) and the average power output during semi-squat were evaluated.

Statistical significant differences showed on 1RM between RT and CON group (p < 0.05). Statistical significant difference in SJ and CMJ were showed between DT and CON group. Also, DT decrease significant the time of 10m and 30m sprint in compare with CON group (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that flywheel training has similar effects with resistance training on power of lower limbs muscles.

Flywheel training can be used as alternative training in periodized programs that aim to enhance sports performance. Finally, these findings can be useful for strength and conditioning coaches to understand the function of flywheel device and the design of resistance training programs.
Flywheel training can be used as alternative training in periodized programs that aim to enhance sports performance. Finally, these findings can be useful for strength and conditioning coaches to understand the function of flywheel device and the design of resistance training programs.Many reports showed a dramatic decrease in the levels of physical activity during the current pandemic of SARS-COV-2. This has substantial immune and metabolic implications, especially in those at risk or with metabolic diseases including individuals with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Here we discuss the route from physical inactivity to immune and metabolic aberrancies; focusing on how insulin resistance could represent an adaptive mechanism to the low physical activity levels and on how such an adaptive mechanism could shift to a pathognomonic feature of metabolic diseases, creating a vicious circle of immune and metabolic aberrancies. We provide a theoretical framework to the severe immunopathology of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic diseases. We finally discuss the idea of exercise as a potential adjuvant against COVID-19 and emphasize how even interrupting prolonged periods of sitting with short time breaks of very light activity could be a feasible strategy to limit the deleterious effects of the outbreak.
Anterior T-wave inversion (aTWI) can be a common electrical sign in cardiomyopathies but also a benign feature regressing with age in healthy children. Unfortunately, little is known about the age of positivisation of aTWI and its determinants in children and longitudinal data are not available. The aim of this longitudinal study was to identify the age and determinants of positivisation of aTWI in healthy children.

ATWI was observed in 331 healthy children. They were evaluated yearly until positivisation for a maximum period of 4 years. Positivisation of aTWI was observed in 312 children (94%). The weight, height/length and their respective percentiles at birth and at the time of positivisation of aTWI and weeks of gestation at birth were collected.

Positivisation of aTWI occurred at a mean age of 13.0±2.0 years. When aTWI became positive, the majority of children had a height between 51° and 75° or over the 75° percentile. At the multivariate logistic regression analysis height, weight, percentiles of height and weight at the time of positivisation were identified as the strongest independent predictors of the positivisation of aTWI. No correlation was found for prematurity and anthropometrics characteristics at birth.

ATWI is a common feature of pediatric ECG, usually regressing with age. Height, weight, percentiles of height and weight at the time of positivisation were identified as determinants of TWI positivisation. These simple anthropometric characteristics should be used in addition to chronological age in order to interpret aTWI in children.
ATWI is a common feature of pediatric ECG, usually regressing with age. Height, weight, percentiles of height and weight at the time of positivisation were identified as determinants of TWI positivisation. These simple anthropometric characteristics should be used in addition to chronological age in order to interpret aTWI in children.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of judo workout by determining the testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) responses and their associations with the results of a judo fight.

A prospective study involved 17 judokas. Three blood samples were taken from each athlete at rest, immediately after a 90 min training session and 72 hours later immediately after a 5 min fight , to evaluate T, C and lactic acid.

Results showed no significant difference for T (p = 0.17), C (p = 0.51) or testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio (t = 0.901 (16), p =0.38) after training. A significant difference was found for the C (p =0.002) and the T/C ratio (p =0.04) after the fight. In contrast with the losers, the winner judokas reported a significant increase in the C (p = 0.002) and T (p = 0.013) concentrations at rest and after the fight. No significant difference was found for C (p = 0.77) or T (p = 0.43) at rest and after training.

The "fight" effort induced more biological stress than the "training" effort. In addition, the cortisol response and the T/C ratio revealed an association with a subsequent victorious judo fight. Thus, the hormonal response, particularly the C concentration, to a training could allow the assessment of the readiness of judokas for a future competition. This new strategy can allow to better manage the capacity of judoka at the training for the sake of an improvement of performance during competitions.
The "fight" effort induced more biological stress than the "training" effort. In addition, the cortisol response and the T/C ratio revealed an association with a subsequent victorious judo fight. Thus, the hormonal response, particularly the C concentration, to a training could allow the assessment of the readiness of judokas for a future competition. This new strategy can allow to better manage the capacity of judoka at the training for the sake of an improvement of performance during competitions.
Peripheral muscle and tendon changes after stroke can influence the functional outcome of patients. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of ultrasonographic changes in morphological muscle and tendon properties of the spastic hemiparetic lower leg in patients with first ever stroke.

A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, and manual searches from inception until 1st of May 2020. Observational case control or cohort studies were included. Risk of bias was evaluated by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Outcome parameters of interest included muscle thickness, muscle and tendon length, fascicle length, pennation angle and echo-intensity.

Nine studies investigated outcome parameters beyond one-month after stroke. We are unable to make a comprehensive statement. Nevertheless, there are some arguments for reduced muscle thickness and reduced fascicle length of the hemiplegic, spastic leg.

Despite the fact that objective assessment by ultrasonography holds promise for diagnosis and follow-up of spastic hemiparesis after stroke, more evidence is needed to determine how changes in morphological muscle and tendon properties are related to muscle weakness, severity of spasticity and compensation strategies such as disuse or overuse in longitudinal studies starting early after stroke.
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