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Bimodal photodynamic treatment to treat a new 91-year-old affected individual using in the area sophisticated cutaneous basal mobile carcinoma as well as postoperative scar tissue management.
0%) whereas inappropriate shocks were delivered in 24 patients (17.6%). Complications occurred in 30 patients (22.1%). Type 1 Brugada pattern were found to be an independent predictor of appropriate shock delivery, whilst the presence of other arrhythmia was predictive for both appropriate and inappropriate ICD shock delivery under multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion ICD therapy is effective for primary and secondary prevention of SCD in BrS. Whilst appropriate shocks occur more frequently in BrS patients presenting with VT/VF, they also occur in asymptomatic patients. Further research in risk stratification can improve patient prognosis while avoid unnecessary ICD implantation. Copyright © 2020 Lee, Li, Zhou, Leung, Lai, Li, Liu, Letsas, Mok, Zhang and Tse.The grand challenge to physiology, as was first described in an essay published in the inaugural issue of Frontiers in Physiology in 2010, remains to integrate function from molecules to intact organisms. In order to make sense of the vast volume of information derived from, and increasingly dependent upon, reductionist approaches, a greater emphasis must be placed on the traditional integrated and more holistic approaches developed by the scientists who gave birth to physiology as an intellectual discipline. Our understanding of physiological regulation has evolved over time from the Greek idea of body humors, through Claude Bernard's "milieu intérieur," to Walter Cannon's formulation of the concept of "homeostasis" and the application of control theory (feedback and feedforward regulation) to explain how a constant internal environment is achieved. Homeostasis has become the central unifying concept of physiology and is defined as a self-regulating process by which an organism can maintain internal stabilitthis essay to describe the evolution of our understanding of homeostasis and the role of physiological regulation and dysregulation in health and disease. Copyright © 2020 Billman.Exercise training has been reported to ameliorate heart dysfunction in both humans and animals after myocardial infarction (MI). Exercise-induced cardioprotective factors have been implicated in mediating cardiac repair under pathological conditions. These protective factors secreted by or enriched in the heart could exert cardioprotective functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, contain key molecules and play an essential role in cell-to-cell communication via delivery of various factors, which may be a novel target to study the mechanism of exercise-induced benefits, besides traditional signaling pathways. This review is designed to demonstrate the function and underlying protective mechanism of exercise-induced cardioprotective factors in MI, with an aim to offer more potential therapeutic targets for MI. Copyright © 2020 Guo, Chen and Qiu.Objective The main aim of this study was to establish the relationship between strength, power characteristics, individual muscle stiffness, international tennis number (ITN), and stroke velocity (StV) in junior tennis players. Methods Twenty one junior male tennis players (mean ± SD; age, 17.0 ± 0.8 years; height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass, 72.3 ± 5.8 kg; BMI 22.1 ± 1.5 kg/m2), with an ITN ranging from 2 to 4, performed measurements regarding muscle stiffness of selected muscles involved in tennis strokes. StV (serve, forehand, and backhand), strength (maximum isometric strength) and power (medicine ball throws, squat jump, countermovement jump, and bench press) measurements were also performed (ICC = 0.803-0.998; CV = 0.3-6.4). Results Moderate inverse correlations were found between serve velocity (SV) and ITN (r = -0.43; p = 0.05), and large positive correlations were observed between pectoralis majoris stiffness (PMStiff) (r = 0.53; p = 0.01), isometric wrist flexion (r = 0.58; p = 0.006) and ITN, respectively. PMStiff was moderately inversely correlated to forehand velocity (FV) (r = -0.45; p = 0.03) and gastrocnemius (GStiff) and infraspinatus stiffness (IStiff) positively to SV (r = 0.45; p = 0.04; r = 0.42; p = 0.05). No significant correlations were found regarding strength and power measurements. Conclusion Greater stiffness values may enhance StV, especially when transferring power from lower to upper body. On the other hand, high scores could interfere in technical parameters that are key for velocity production in complex tennis strokes. Strength and power values proved to correlate poorly to StV in this particular sample of junior tennis players, possibly due to the multifactorial nature of tennis strokes and the possibility that they become more important as age and level increase. Copyright © 2020 Colomar, Baiget and Corbi.Ventricular muscle has a biphasic response to stretch. There is an immediate increase in force that coincides with the stretch which is followed by a second phase that takes several minutes for force to develop to a new steady state. The initial increase in force is due to changes in myofilament properties, whereas the second, slower component of the stretch response (known as the "slow force response" or SFR) is accompanied by a steady increase in Ca2+ transient amplitude. Evidence shows stretch-dependent Ca2+ influx during the SFR occurs through some mechanism that is continuously active for several minutes following stretch. Many of the candidate ion channels are located primarily in the t-tubules, which are consequently lost in heart disease. Our aim, therefore, was to investigate the impact of t-tubule loss on the SFR in non-failing cardiac trabeculae in which expression of the different Ca2+ handling proteins was not altered by any disease process. For comparison, we also investigated the effect of formamide detubulation of trabeculae on β-adrenergic activation (1 μM isoproterenol), since this is another key regulator of cardiac force. Measurement of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and isometric stress were made in RV trabeculae from rat hearts before, during and after formamide treatment (1.5 M for 5 min), which on washout seals the surface sarcolemmal t-tubule openings. selleck chemicals llc Results showed detubulation slowed the time course of Ca2+ transients and twitch force, with time-to-peak, maximum rate-of-rise, and relaxation prolonged in trabeculae at optimal length (Lo). Formamide treatment also prevented development of the SFR following a step change in length from 90 to 100% Lo, and blunted the response to β-adrenergic activation (1 μM isoproterenol). Copyright © 2020 Power, Kaur, Dyer and Ward.Experiments in cadavers have demonstrated significant mechanical interactions between constituents of myofascial chains. However, evidence for such force transmission effects is scarce under in vivo conditions. The purpose of this trial was to examine the impact of ankle motion on soft tissue displacement of the dorsal thigh. Eleven healthy active individuals (26.8 ± 4.3 years, six males), in prone position and with the knee extended, underwent passive calf stretches (ankle dorsal extension) imposed by an isokinetic dynamometer. High-resolution ultrasound was used to simultaneously capture the displacement of the semimembranosus muscle, which was quantified by means of cross-correlation analysis. Inactivity of the leg muscles was controlled using surface electromyography (EMG). One participant had to be excluded due to major EMG activity during the experiment. According to a one-sample t test testing the difference to the neutral zero position, ankle dorsal extension induced substantial caudal muscle displacements (5.76 ± 2.67 mm, p less then 0.0001). Correlation analysis (Spearman), furthermore, revealed a strong association between maximal dorsal extension and semimembranosus motion (rho = 0.76, p = 0.02). In conclusion, the present trial provides initial in vivo evidence for a mechanical force transmission between serially connected skeletal muscles. This means that local alterations of the mechanical tissue properties may modify flexibility in neighboring (superior or inferior) joints. Copyright © 2020 Wilke, Debelle, Tenberg, Dilley and Maganaris.Mitochondrial criticality describes a state in which the mitochondrial cardiac network under intense oxidative stress becomes very sensitive to small perturbations, leading from local to cell-wide depolarization and synchronized oscillations that may escalate to the myocardial syncytium generating arrhythmias. Herein, we describe the occurrence of mitochondrial criticality in the chronic setting of a metabolic disorder, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), using a streptozotocin (STZ)-treated guinea pig (GP) animal model. Using wavelet analysis of mitochondrial networks from two-photon microscopy imaging of cardiac myocytes loaded with a fluorescent probe of the mitochondrial membrane potential, we show that cardiomyocytes from T1DM GPs are closer to criticality, making them more vulnerable to cell-wide mitochondrial oscillations as can be judged by the latency period to trigger oscillations after a laser flash perturbation, and their propensity to oscillate. Insulin treatment of T1DM GPs rescued cardiac myocytes to sham control levels of susceptibility, a protective condition that could also be attained with interventions leading to improvement of the cellular redox environment such as preincubation of diabetic cardiac myocytes with the lipid palmitate or a cell-permeable form of glutathione, in the presence of glucose. Copyright © 2020 Vetter, Cortassa, O’Rourke, Armoundas, Bedja, Jende, Bendszus, Paolocci, Sollot, Aon and Kurz.Introduction Osteoporotic fractures represent a major public health burden. The risk of fragility fractures in late adulthood is strongly impacted by peak bone mass acquisition by the third decade. Weight-bearing sporting activity may be beneficial to peak bone mass accrual, but previous studies have focused on elite sporting activity and have used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as a measure of bone density. The authors performed a narrative systematic review of individual sports (performed non-competitively or at local level) and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (cQUS) bone measures in young people. Methods Multiple databases were systematically searched up until the 31st of March 2019. The authors included studies of participants' mean age (11-35 years), reporting any level of recreational sporting activity and cQUS measures as well as excluding elite/professional sporting physical activity. Studies (title and abstract) were screened independently by two reviewers, and a third reviewer resolved any discrn-elite sports participation on cQUS in adolescence and young adulthood, although further work is now indicated. Copyright © 2020 Patel, Sammut, Denison, Teesdale-Spittle and Dennison.Insect chitinases play essential roles in the molting and metamorphosis of insects. The virus Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) can prolong the total duration of the larval stage in its host larvae. In this study, the molecular character and function of chitinase and chitin-binding domain (CBD) were analyzed in larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae). In detecting the chitinase activity of mock-infected and HvAV-3h-infected larval whole bodies and four different larval tissues, the results showed that larval chitinase activity was significantly decreased at 48 h post infection (hpi) and that the chitinase activity of HvAV-3h-infected larval fat body and cuticle was notably decreased at 144 and 168 hpi. The transcription level of S. exigua chitinase 7 (SeCHIT7) was down-regulated at the 6, 9, 12, 48, 72, and 96 hpi sample times, the S. exigua chitinase 11 (SeCHIT11) was down-regulated at 3-96 hpi, while both S. exigua chitinases (SeCHITs) were up-regulated at 120-168 hpi. Further tissue-specific detection of SeCHIT7 and SeCHIT11 transcription showed that SeCHIT7 was down-regulated at 144 and 168 hpi in the fat body and cuticle.
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