Notes

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High protein intake in early life is associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. Feeding a modified lower-protein (mLP) infant formula (1.7g protein/100kcal) until the age of 6 months is safe and supports adequate growth. The aim of the present study is to assess longer-term anthropometry with BMI at 1 and 2 years as primary outcome parameter and body composition in children fed mLP formula.

Healthy term-born infants received mLP or control formula (CTRL) (2.1g protein/100kcal) until 6 months of age in a double-blinded RCT. A breast-fed (BF) group served as a reference. Anthropometry data were obtained at 1 and 2 years of age. At the age of 2 years, body composition was measured with air-displacement plethysmography. Groups were compared using linear mixed model analysis.

At 1 and 2 years of age, anthropometry, including BMI, and body composition did not differ between the formula groups (n=74 mLP; n=69 CTRL). Compared to the BF group (n = 51), both formula-fed groups had higher z scores forl/4677.
This trial was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Study ID number NTR4829, trial number NL4677). https//www.trialregister.nl/trial/4677.
Disease progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) is often monitored by ambulatory measures, but how non-ambulatory sensorimotor measures differentially associate to walking measures in MS subtypes is unknown. We determined whether there are characteristic differences between relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), progressive MS (PMS), and non-MS controls in lower extremity sensorimotor function and clinical walking tasks and the sensorimotor associations with walking function in each group.

18 RRMS, 13 PMS and 28 non-MS control participants were evaluated in their plantar cutaneous sensitivity (vibration perception threshold, Volts), proprioception during ankle joint position-matching (|∆°| in dorsiflexion), motor coordination (rapid foot-tap count/10s), and walking function with three tests Timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) at preferred and fast speeds (s), and timed-up-and-go (TUG, s).

Foot-tapping (p=0.039, Mean difference (MD)= 5.65 taps) and plantar cutaneous sensation (p=0.026, MD= -10.30V) differed between the MSe relationship of lower extremity sensorimotor function to walking performance in the PMS subtype.The cognitive and language processes underlying verbal fluency remain unclear. While some cognitive processes related to memory and executive functioning have been more associated with category and letter verbal fluency, other less studied aspects of language ability could be also related. We discuss the contribution of the recent study by Lebkuecher and colleagues (2021) about the role of language in verbal fluency, and the data from other studies evaluating the cognitive and neuroimaging correlates of verbal fluency in MS.
Multiple sclerosis affects more than 2 million people. Clinical decisions are performed under evidence-based medicine. The appearance of new disease-modifying therapies and changes in diagnostic criteria complicates the decision-making process in clinical practice.

To characterize the criteria for radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by Mexican neurologists in a real-world setting.

A two-round modified Delphi method (RAND/UCLA) was applied.

In RIS, LP, spinal cord MRI and VEP should be included in diagnostic testing; DMT initiation is not necessary. A follow-up MRI within 3 months are recommended. In CIS, corticosteroid therapy should be initiated at first relapse; both simple and Gd-enhanced MRI is mandatory. LP, selective blood tests, and NMO-IgG/AQP4 antibodies should be performed as complementary. IFN beta or GA were the most suitable DMTs for treating high-risk CIS. Patients with RRMS should begin with DMT at diagnosis, include a follow-up MRI if a patient had 2 relapses within 6 months. GA and oral DMTs are the most eligible DMTs for mild RRMS. Monoclonal antibodies-based therapy is chosen when disability is present. Radiological criteria for switching DMT included >1 Gd+ lesion and >2 new T2 lesions.

Although many coincidences, there are still many hollows in the medical attention of MS in Mexico. This consensus recommendation could be helpful to implement better evidence-based recommendations and guidelines in a real-world setting.
Although many coincidences, there are still many hollows in the medical attention of MS in Mexico. This consensus recommendation could be helpful to implement better evidence-based recommendations and guidelines in a real-world setting.Susac syndrome is a rare disorder that is clinically characterized by encephalopathy, retinopathy and hearing loss. Most of the reported cases in the literature are adult patients, pediatric presentation is extremely rare. Here we present three pediatric patients aged between 10-15; diagnosed as Susac syndrome. They all had thalamic involvement in addition to typical callosal lesions. All of the three patients had a monophasic course and good treatment response.Fingolimod is an oral medication for multiple sclerosis that sequesters certain subsets of lymphocytes in lymph nodes, reducing egress into blood and their subsequent CNS migration. The initial multi-site randomized Phase III controlled trials found rates of infection similar to those in control groups. However, post-marketing surveillance has revealed an association with several opportunistic infections, including cryptococcosis. We report a case of fingolimod-related cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and IRIS after drug discontinuation and suggest a surveillance and risk mitigation strategy.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), characterized by repetitive anxiety-inducing intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, is associated with higher suicide ideation and suicide attempts than the general population. This study investigates the prevalence and the correlates of current suicide risk in adult outpatients in an international multisite cross-sectional sample of OCD outpatients.

Data were derived from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) network's cross-sectional data set (N=409). Current suicide risk (assessed by Item C of the MINI) and diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were based on DSM-IV. Chi-squared test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables were used to make statistical inferences about main features associated with current suicide risk. NSC 167409 supplier P<.05 was considered as statistically significant.

The prevalence of current suicidal risk was 15.9%, with equal likelihood in sociodemographic variables, including age and gender. Increased rates of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were associated to higher current suicide risk.
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