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Corticosteroids have long been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate However, cumulative corticosteroid exposure is associated with adverse effects, particularly in growing children. Professional guidelines recommend steroid-sparing strategies. It remains unknown whether corticosteroid use has decreased in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

We performed retrospective cohort study using data from 2007 to 2018 from the international multi-center ImproveCareNow Network, a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease quality improvement collaborative. Pediatric patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease were included. Patients with missing diagnosis or corticosteroid use data were excluded. link2 We performed serial cross-sectional analyses of period prevalence and used multivariate regression models.

27,321 patients were included (65% Crohn disease, 28% ulcerative colitis, 7% indeterminate colitis). Corticosteroids were used in 10,206 (37%). Corticosteroid use decreased from 28% (2007) to 12% (2018). time. Racial disparities in corticosteroid use were found, but gradually improved.
Inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) for colonoscopy leads to missed diagnosis, longer anesthesia time, higher chance of complications and increased costs. Adult studies have demonstrated that patient characteristics such as male gender and obesity are associated with IBP. Little is known about factors affecting bowel preparation in children. Our aim was to determine factors associated with IBP in children.

We prospectively enrolled children undergoing outpatient colonoscopy. Quality of bowel preparation was assessed using Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) score (range 0-9). Data collected included patient demographics, indication, and type of insurance. Patients were divided into two groups based on BBPS score-adequate (BBPS score > 5) and inadequate (BBPS score < 5) and groups were compared using Student t-test and chi-square test. Possible predictors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models.

A total of 334 children were prospectively enrolled of whom 321 were studied further (age range 2-18 years; mean age 12.4 years; 60.4% female; 85.9% Caucasian). The mean BBPS score was 6.8 (standard deviation of ±2). IBP was reported in 12.8% (41/321). link3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis did not show statistical differences between the groups in studied patient factors including age, gender, obesity, race, insurance type, and indication for colonoscopy.

Contrary to several adult studies, the results of our prospective study did not show any relationship between examined patient factors and IBP in children. Interestingly, IBP was less prevalent in our pediatric study compared to published adult data (12.8% vs 20-40%).
Contrary to several adult studies, the results of our prospective study did not show any relationship between examined patient factors and IBP in children. Interestingly, IBP was less prevalent in our pediatric study compared to published adult data (12.8% vs 20-40%).
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies in glycogen catabolism. The more common type, GSD type Ia, is caused by glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency and often complicated by gout from hyperuricemia. Here, the authors report a rare case of a tophi wound caused by GSD type Ia in a Chinese patient. Difficulties in this case included the control of abnormal blood markers, especially uric acid; removal of tophi deposited in the tissues; restoration of hand function after wound healing; and patient adherence to treatment and follow-up. A multidisciplinary team was set up consisting of experts from the authors' wound care center and the departments of endocrinology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation. The wound healed in 53 days and was followed up for about 7 months. During follow-up, the patient's hand function returned to normal, and no new tophi formed. Because GSDs are a congenital lifelong condition, regular follow-ups are especially important.
To investigate the evolution of pressure-measuring devices used in compression treatment for venous leg ulcers and assess the most practical and effective devices to determine optimal pressure in compression therapy.

Relevant information was retrieved from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online, and ScienceDirect without publication date restrictions. The keywords included venous leg ulcer, compression therapy, pressure measuring device, pressure sensor, and wireless system.

Studies included in the review had to be published in English and discuss or compare pressure-measuring devices/sensors for compression therapy, the development of alternative sensors, and the applications of wireless technologies. Veterinary studies, conference proceedings, and unpublished articles were excluded. Applicable studies and articles were critically evaluated and synthesized.

After abstract review, 39 studies were identified. During full-text review, study details were collected using a data extractioes.
Conventional pressure-measuring devices used in compression therapy are not designed for the user's comfort and convenience. The use of flexible and stretchy pressure sensors (e-skin) provides good biocompatibility, conformability, and comfort and when integrated with near-field communication technology could address the drawbacks of current pressure-measuring devices.
To investigate the protective effect of a hydrocolloid nasal dressing on the incidence and severity of nasal injury and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure in preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP (N-CPAP).

A randomized controlled trial was conducted over 4 months in 2019 at level 3 neonatal ICUs in two hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Eighty eligible infants were born at 32 weeks of gestation or younger and/or with a birth weight of 1,500 g or less and had received between 4 and 72 hours of CPAP. Infants were randomly assigned to two groups; the intervention group used a protective dressing, and the control group received routine care. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and nasal injury assessment score chart.

The incidence and severity of nasal injury in preterm infants undergoing N-CPAP.

Infants in the intervention group had a significantly lower incidence and severity of nasal injury compared with the control group 15 of 40 (37.5%) versus 37 of 40 (92.5%; P < .001). Overall, the injuries identified in this study were mostly mild and moderate, with only three severe injuries in the intervention group and five in the control group. No significant differences were detected in CPAP failure (P > .05).

The studied nasal barrier dressing is a safe and convenient solution to reduce nasal injury in preterm infants receiving N-CPAP.
The studied nasal barrier dressing is a safe and convenient solution to reduce nasal injury in preterm infants receiving N-CPAP.
This article describes a series of four patients for whom a Reverdin graft was performed. The Reverdin graft, also known as a pinch graft, is a method to promote epithelialization for superficial wounds. The intervention is minimally invasive with a short learning curve. The procedure and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this case series. This pinch graft is a widely accepted, minimally invasive intervention to accelerate the epithelialization of wounds.
This article describes a series of four patients for whom a Reverdin graft was performed. The Reverdin graft, also known as a pinch graft, is a method to promote epithelialization for superficial wounds. The intervention is minimally invasive with a short learning curve. The procedure and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this case series. This pinch graft is a widely accepted, minimally invasive intervention to accelerate the epithelialization of wounds.
The most common complication in individuals with ostomies is irritant contact dermatitis from the acidic stoma effluent coming into contact with the peristomal skin. Although protective powders are widely used for the treatment of peristomal skin, there is little scientific evidence to justify their use. The combined use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose cellulose fibers (SCCFs) together with a hydrocolloid dressing for fixation is an effective alternative in the management of these wounds. Here, the authors report a case series of three patients presenting at a stoma therapy clinic with peristomal skin lesions because of severe irritant contact dermatitis. Patients were men aged between 70 and 81 years, had been diagnosed with colon cancer (n = 2) or bladder cancer (n = 1), and had undergone a colostomy (n = 1), ileostomy (n = 1), or Bricker-type ureteroileostomy (n = 1). A semiocclusive care protocol was applied in a moist environment using SCCF and an extrathin hydrocolloid adhesive dressing, and the coll= 1), and had undergone a colostomy (n = 1), ileostomy (n = 1), or Bricker-type ureteroileostomy (n = 1). A semiocclusive care protocol was applied in a moist environment using SCCF and an extrathin hydrocolloid adhesive dressing, and the collection device was secured using adhesive resin and an ostomy belt. The combined use of SCCF and hydrocolloid dressings provided beneficial results to treat the dermatitis, with reduced discomfort after 7 days and lesions healing within 4 weeks.
Acute traumatic wound cleansing is currently a controversial issue demonstrated by the variability in solutions and techniques used to clean wounds in clinical practice. Although there is evidence of improved infection outcomes in wounds cleansed with antiseptics, these observations are often undermined by concurrent use of antibiotics in addition to poor study design. Cleansing techniques including pressurized irrigation have also been investigated indicating potential harms such as edema and inconsistencies in irrigation pressures. The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review on the contemporary evidence indicating the potential harms and benefits of wound cleansing in the context of acute traumatic wounds.This literature review reveals that acute wound cleansing in clinical practice remains heavily dependent on tradition rather than robust clinical evidence. The evidence base remains limited because of methodological and pragmatic issues in obtaining definitive data on the efficacy of spensidering the potential harms and benefits of different solutions and techniques must be performed.
To assess the incidence, risk, and associated factors that contribute to an acquired surgical site infection (SSI) after emergency cesarean section (CS).

This retrospective case-control study was conducted in an acute district general hospital in England with 206 patients (101 SSI patients and 105 non-SSI patients) who had an emergency CS in 2017. Grade of surgeon, smoking status, preoperative vaginal swab status (positive or negative), diabetes status, age, body mass index, membrane rupture to delivery interval, and length of surgery were recorded. Risk factors were identified using simple and multiple logistic regression.

Body mass index was significantly associated with SSI (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.24; P < .001). Further, substantive nonsignificant associations were recorded between SSI and patient age and vaginal swab status.

Body mass index was the only significant risk factor for the development of an SSI after emergency CS, possibly because of the impact of excessive adipose tissue on the immune system and reduced effectiveness of antibiotics.
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