Notes

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Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate predictors for occurrence of cognitive impairment (MoCA score < 26) among the studied sample (n = 1,445)The overall model was significant with
< .001. Variables that showed significance in univariate analysis, were entered in the model. Significant predictors for cognitive impairment were being a male, higher age, being diabetic, hypertensive, with lower level of education and having sleep apnea.
Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate predictors for occurrence of cognitive impairment (MoCA score less then 26) among the studied sample (n = 1,445)The overall model was significant with P less then .001. Variables that showed significance in univariate analysis, were entered in the model. Significant predictors for cognitive impairment were being a male, higher age, being diabetic, hypertensive, with lower level of education and having sleep apnea.The relation between iron deficiency and restless legs syndrome has been widely described and investigated in both adults and children. However, the diagnosis of restless legs syndrome relies on patients voicing their symptoms, which is very difficult for patients less than 5 years of age. Frequently, we evaluate children between the ages of 2 and 4 years whom parents describe as "restless sleepers," "difficult to settle down," or as having "frequent awakening," or "bedtime resistance." Parents are concerned that their child's poor sleep quality is leading to daytime dysfunction such as increased sleepiness, behavioral outbursts, or hyperactivity. Many of these children are diagnosed with behavioral insomnia of childhood, and behavior modification therapy is recommended with variable degree of success. Herein, we describe a 2-year-old with similar symptoms of restless sleep, bedtime resistance, and daytime sleepiness who was found to have an underlying iron deficiency without anemia that was treated successfully with iron infusion. We highlight the importance of evaluating for underlying iron deficiency even without anemia in patients with restless sleep and associated poor daytime behavior. We also describe some common challenges associated with iron therapy and clarify iron therapeutic targets.A novel isolated yellow-pigmented bacterial designated strain UDD2T was isolated from a maize field soil sample collected in Ilsan, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain UDD2T were Gram-stain-negative, non-sporulating, long rod-shaped and exhibited flagellar motility. Cells could grow at 15-42 °C and pH 5.5-11.0. Strain UDD2T was sensitive to NaCl and barely tolerated up to 1 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain UDD2T formed a separate clade with the members of genus Sphingosinicella within the family Sphingomonadaceae. Strain UDD2T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sphingosinicella vermicomposti KCTC 224446T (98.5 %) and Sphingosinicella humi KCTC 62519T (96.7 %), followed by members of the genus Sphingomonas (96.4-94.5 %) and Sphingobium (96.1-94.9 %), but they were located in other phylogenetic clusters. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain UDD2T and S. vermicomposti KCTC 224446T and S. hid, one unidentified aminoglycophospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified polar lipid. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain UDD2T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingosinicella, for which the name Sphingosinicella flava is proposed. The type strain is UDD2T (=KCTC 82357T=NBRC 114507T).Metabolic impairments associated with type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance and loss of glycemic control, disproportionately impact the elderly. Lifestyle interventions, such as manipulation of dietary fat quality (i.e., fatty acid (FA) composition), have been shown to favorably modulate metabolic health. Yet, whether or not chronic consumption of beneficial FAs can protect against metabolic derangements and disease risk during aging is not well-defined. We sought to evaluate whether long-term dietary supplementation of fish-, dairy-, or echium-derived FAs to the average FA profile in a U.S. American diet may offset metabolic impairments in males and females during aging. One-month-old CD-1® mice were fed isoenergetic, high-fat (40%) diets with the fat content comprised of either 100% control fat blend (CO) or 70% CO with 30% fish oil, dairy fat, or echium oil for 13 months. Every three months, parameters of glucose homeostasis were evaluated via glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Glucose tolerance improved in males consuming a diet supplemented with fish oil or echium oil as aging progressed, but not in females. Yet, females were more metabolically protected than males regardless of age. Additionally, Spearman correlations were performed between indices of glucose homeostasis and previously reported measurements of diet-derived FA content in tissues and colonic bacterial composition, which also revealed sex-specific associations. This study provides evidence that long-term dietary fat quality influences risk factors of metabolic diseases during aging in a sex-dependent manner, thus, sex is a critical factor to be considered in future dietary strategies to mitigate type 2 diabetes risk.Different from developed countries, there is a paucity of research examining how the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets relate to lipids in in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMRs). A total of 83,081 participants from seven ethnic groups were retrieved from the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study, which was conducted in less-developed Southwest China between May 2018 and September 2019. Multivariable linear regression models were then used to examine the associations of the DASH and AMED scores, assessed by modified DASH score and alternative Mediterranean diet (AMED), as well as their components with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and TC/HDL-C. The DASH scores were negatively associated with TC, HDL-C and TG. Comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest DASH scores, TC decreased 0.0708 (95% CI -0.0923 ∼ -0.0493) mmol/L, HDL-C decreased 0.0380 (95% CI -0.0462 ∼ -0.0299) mmol/L, and TG decreased 0.0668 (95% CI -0.0994 ∼ -0.0341) mmol/L. The AMED scores were negatively associated with TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. Comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest AMED scores, TC decreased 0.0816 (95% CI -0.1035 ∼ -0.0597) mmol/L, LDL-C decreased 0.0297 (95% CI -0.0477 ∼ -0.0118) mmol/L, and HDL-C decreased 0.0275 (95% CI -0.0358 ∼ -0.0192) mmol/L. Although both the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet were negatively associated with blood lipids, those associations showed different patterns in LEMRs, particularly for TG and HDL-C.Obesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500mg/Kg/day) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus-maze test was performed to analyze anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect p = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared to CAF+DHA/EPA, p less then 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF+DHA/EPA compared to the CAF group (p less then 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.
Paramedics commonly administer intravenous (IV) dextrose to severely hypoglycemic patients. Typically, the treatment provided is a 25g ampule of 50% dextrose (D50). This dose of D50 is meant to ensure a return to consciousness. However, this dose may cause harm and lead to difficulties regulating blood glucose levels (BGLs) post-treatment. It is hypothesized that a lower concentration, such as 10% dextrose (D10), may improve symptoms while minimizing harm.

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central were systematically searched on September 15, 2020. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. GRADE and risk of bias were applied to determine the certainty of the evidence. Primary literature investigating the use of IV dextrose in hypoglycemic diabetic patients presenting to paramedics or the emergency department was included. Outcomes of interest included safety, efficacy (symptom resolution), and BGL.

Of 680 abstracts screened, 51 full-text articles were reviewed, with eleven studies included. Eganelisib nmr Data from thre.

Studies show D10 may be as effective as D50 at resolving symptoms and correcting hypoglycemia. Although the desired effect can take several minutes longer, there appear to be fewer adverse events. The post-D10-treatment BGL may result in fewer untoward hyperglycemic episodes.
Studies show D10 may be as effective as D50 at resolving symptoms and correcting hypoglycemia. Although the desired effect can take several minutes longer, there appear to be fewer adverse events. The post-D10-treatment BGL may result in fewer untoward hyperglycemic episodes.Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to explore methods of increasing MD adoption in a non-Mediterranean population at high risk of CVD, including assessing the feasibility of a developed peer support intervention. The Trial to Encourage Adoption and Maintenance of a MEditerranean Diet (TEAM-MED) was a 12-month pilot parallel group RCT involving individuals aged ≥40 y, with low MD adherence, who were overweight, and had an estimated CVD risk ≥20% over ten years. It explored three interventions, a peer support group, a dietician-led support group and a minimal support group to encourage dietary behaviour change and monitored variability in Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) over time and between the intervention groups, alongside measurement of markers of nutritional status and cardiovascular risk. 118 individuals were assessed for eligibility, and 75 (64%) were eligible. After 12 months there was a retention rate of 69% (PSG 59%; DSG 88%; MSG 63%). For all participants, increases in MDS were observed over 12 months (p less then 0.001), both in original MDS data and when imputed data were used. Improvements in BMI, HbA1c levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the population as a whole. This pilot study has demonstrated that a non-Mediterranean adult population at high CVD risk can make dietary behaviour change over a 12-month period towards a MD. The study also highlights the feasibility of a peer support intervention to encourage MD behaviour change amongst this population group and will inform a definitive trial.
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