Notes

A number of lighting effects discovered spectral decoloring with regard to quantitative optoacoustic oximetry imaging.
Application of lipegfilgrastim was effective as primary and secondary prophylaxis in the prevention of CT-induced neutropenia in breast cancer.
We have previously shown that the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a predictor of survival among breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of NLR among different nodal and chemotherapy subgroups of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Patients with stage 1-3 TNBC who underwent treatment from 2007 to 2014 and had blood counts prior to treatments were included. Patients were categorized into high (≥2) and low (<2) NLR groups. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

The average follow-up time was 54 months. The high NLR group had worse OS (HR 2.8, CI 1.3-5.9,
< 0.001) and DFS (HR 2.3, CI 1.2-4.2,
< 0.001) than the low NLR group. After adjusting for confounding variables, high NLR was an independent prognostic factor for both OS (HR 5.5, CI 2.2-13.7,
< 0.0001) and DFS (HR 5.2, CI 2.3-11.6,
< 0.0001). Categorization of TNBC patients by NLR (high vs. low) and nodal status (positive vs. negative) resulted in four groups with significantly different OS and DFS (log rank
< 0.0001). Significant improvements in OS (
< 0.001) and DFS (
< 0.001) were observed for patients who received chemotherapy and had high NLR but not for patients with low NLR (
= 0.65 and
= 0.07, respectively).

High pretreatment NLR is an independent predictor of poor OS and DFS among TNBC patients. Combining NLR and pN provides better risk stratification for TNBC patients. Chemotherapy appears to be beneficial only in patients with high NLR. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
High pretreatment NLR is an independent predictor of poor OS and DFS among TNBC patients. Combining NLR and pN provides better risk stratification for TNBC patients. Chemotherapy appears to be beneficial only in patients with high NLR. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) were introduced in the early 2000s and more recently permitted new protocols for breast reconstruction allowing a short operative time with improved outcomes until the new muscle-sparing breast reconstruction proposed in 2014 using the Braxon® ADM. The aim of this research is to propose a technique to improve the aesthetic outcome using Braxon ADM with prepectoral implants.

The enrolled patients were submitted to a nipple skin-sparing mastectomy leaving 1 additional centimeter of subcutis on the proximal part of the upper pole of the breast (see Surgical Technique). Aesthetic outcomes were compared to those obtained with traditional breast reconstruction with prosthesis and the Braxon ADM placed in the prepectoral space. Mean values of aesthetic outcomes were analyzed using the Student
test, and the κ test was used to analyze interobserver variability.

The overall aesthetic score was improved of 29.6% of the patients; in particular the most improved score was that for contour (+98.01%). Statistical significance was found for contour, upper pole definition, and total score average (
< 0.05). The κ test showed interobserver variability with a good level of agreement on contour (κ = 0.832).

The proposed technique has allowed attainment of good results in terms of aesthetic outcomes. In a small sample we did not register any particular complications but we verified a better satisfaction on the evaluation of the aesthetic result (level of evidence 3).
The proposed technique has allowed attainment of good results in terms of aesthetic outcomes. In a small sample we did not register any particular complications but we verified a better satisfaction on the evaluation of the aesthetic result (level of evidence 3).
Breast cancer represents the most common type of cancer among women in the world. The presence and extent of axillary lymph node involvement represent an important prognostic factor. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is currently accepted for T1 and T2 with negative axillae (N0); however, many patients with T3-T4b tumors with N0 are often submitted to unnecessarily axillary lymph node dissection.

This is a retrospective, observational study of patients treated for breast cancer between 2008 and 2015, with T3/T4b tumors and N0, who underwent SLNB. A systematic review of the literature was also carried out in 5 bases.

We analyzed 73 patients, and SLNB was negative for macrometastasis in 60.3% of the cases. With a mean follow-up of 45 months, no ipsilateral axillary local recurrence was observed. In the systematic review, only 7 articles presented data for analysis. Grouping these studies with the present series, the rate of N0 was 32.1% for T3 and 61.0% for T4b; grouping all studies (T3 and T4b
= 431) the rate was 32.5%.

SLNB in T3/T4b tumors is a feasible and safe procedure from the oncological point of view, as it has not been associated with ipsilateral axillary relapse.
SLNB in T3/T4b tumors is a feasible and safe procedure from the oncological point of view, as it has not been associated with ipsilateral axillary relapse.
Transcription factor SOX2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2) has a crucial role in the maintenance of the stem cell state. However, current evidence regarding the role of SOX2 in breast cancer is conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association of SOX2 expression with clinical and molecular features and its prognostic effect on breast cancer.

All relevant articles were searched using electronic databases. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs multivariate Cox survival analysis) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

A final total of 18 studies containing 3,080 patients with breast cancer were included. SOX2 protein expression was not related to age, menopausal status, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, molecular estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, triple-negative status, and the overall survival in breast cancer, but was closely associated with advanced tumor grade (grade 3 vs. grade 1-2 OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.85-4.06,
< 0.001), clinical stage (stage 3-4 vs. stage 0-2 OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.37-4.40,
= 0.002), pT stage (T stage 2-4 vs. T stage 1 OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.07-2.17,
= 0.019), molecular human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (positive vs. negative OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21-2.14,
= 0.001), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status (positive vs. negative OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.13-4.33,
= 0.021), and worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.20-5.91,
= 0.016) of breast cancer.

SOX2 expression is correlated with breast cancer progression, HER2 status, and EGFR status, and may be an independent prognostic marker for predicting poor DFS.
SOX2 expression is correlated with breast cancer progression, HER2 status, and EGFR status, and may be an independent prognostic marker for predicting poor DFS.
The Hippo pathway is a developmental pathway recently discovered in
; in mammals it normally controls organ development and wound healing. selleckchem Hippo signaling is deregulated in breast cancer (BC). MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases are the upstream molecular elements of Hippo signaling which phosphorylate and regulate the two effectors of Hippo signaling, YAP1 and TAZ cotranscriptional activators. The two molecular effectors of the Hippo pathway facilitate their activity through TEAD transcription factors. Several molecular pathways with known oncogenic functions cross-talk with the Hippo pathway.

A systematic review studying the correlation of the Hippo pathway with BC tumorigenesis, prognosis, and treatment was performed.

Recent literature highlights the critical role of Hippo signaling in a wide spectrum of biological mechanisms in BC.

The Hippo pathway has a crucial position in BC molecular biology, cellular behavior, and response to treatment. Targeting the Hippo pathway could potentially improve the prognosis and outcome of BC patients.
The Hippo pathway has a crucial position in BC molecular biology, cellular behavior, and response to treatment. Targeting the Hippo pathway could potentially improve the prognosis and outcome of BC patients.
Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant disease in the female population and one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. One crucial hallmark of cancer is chronic inflammation where the immunosuppressive environment is dominant. The immunosuppressive environment is largely achieved by the interaction of tumor cells and infiltrating leukocytes.

Usually, human macrophages and natural killer cells are involved in antitumor immunity. The therapeutic potential of this population against cancers has stimulated their study and led to the discovery of several different tumor-associated macrophages and natural killer cell subsets, each of which is endowed with different immunoregulatory functions. Both heterogeneity and plasticity of the tumor-associated macrophages and natural killer cell compartment, which are both tightly linked to the tumor microenvironment of different breast cancer types.

The identification of specific tumor-associated macrophages and natural killer cell subsets endowed with particular functional capabilities might help monitor tumor-mediated responses in breast cancer patients. Currently, one of the most used strategies for breast cancer of newly diagnosed patients is neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
The identification of specific tumor-associated macrophages and natural killer cell subsets endowed with particular functional capabilities might help monitor tumor-mediated responses in breast cancer patients. Currently, one of the most used strategies for breast cancer of newly diagnosed patients is neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Different compression-train configurations in a coal-fired power plant with CO2 capture were thermally integrated to reduce the energetic impact of the capture process and global warming potential for the life cycle of the power plant and the production of the absorbent. The thermal integration was performed using formal optimization techniques, with consideration given to all the available streams for the different compression-train configurations. The different compression-train configurations produced different temperature levels in the process streams and different heat exchanger networks, which included the power plant, compression train, and waste energy recovery technologies, such as organic Rankine cycles. The initial observation was that for the different configurations of the compression trains, the best result in terms of the net power output was 374.26 MWe, with a reduction of 84.3% in the global warming potential compared with a power plant without carbon capture. This result was obtained for an eight-stage train with integrally geared centrifugal compressors. Subsequently, with thermal integration, the configuration that included advanced supersonic shockwave compressors exhibited the best conditions for the heat transfer between hot and cold streams, achieving a reduction of 84.65% in the global warming potential and a net power output of 382.9 MWe.
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