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Olfactory dysfunction can provide valuable insight into early pathophysiological processes of brain disorders. Olfactory processing of chemosensory and odour sensitivity relies on segregating salient odours from background odours cues. Odour-evoked fast oscillations in the olfactory bulb (OB) are hypothesized to be an important index of odour quality coding. The present preclinical work aimed at better understanding connectivity associated with odour coding and behavioural odour discrimination.

Network oscillations and functional connectivity (FC) were measured in C57BL/6 mice performing the olfactory associative odour learning (OL) test, using multichannel local field potential recordings in key olfactory networks. Cholinergic modulation of odour processing was investigated using the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine.

At the behavioural level, olfactory memory, which refers to the acquisition and recollection of a reference odour by reduced exploration time, was observed in animals that correctly learnole of muscarinic receptors in olfactory retrieval processing.All-inorganic cesium lead bromine (CsPbBr3) perovskites quantum dots (QDs) are one of the most photoelectric materials due to their high absorption coefficient, pronounced quantum-size effect, tunable optical property. Here, a self-powered PD based on all-inorganic CsPbBr3perovskites QDs is fabricated and demonstrated. read more The light-induced pyroelectric effect is utilized to modulate the optoelectronic processes without the external power supply. The working mechanism of the PD is carefully investigated upon 532 nm laser illumination and the minimum recognizable response time of the self-powered PD is 1.5μs, which are faster than those of most previously reported wurtzite nanostructure PDs. Meanwhile, the frequency and temperature independence of the self-powered PD are experimented and summarized. The self-powered PD with high performance is expected to have extensive applications in solar cell, energy harvesting, resistive random access memory.High resolution and high intensity neutron powder diffraction are used to determine the temperature dependence of the crystallographic and magnetic structure of the orthoferrite CeFeO3. The high temperatureG x -type magnetic coupling of the Fe-sublattice described by the Γ4(G x A y F z ) irreducible representation changes at the spin reorientation temperatureTSR= 228 K to aG y -type coupling of Γ1(A x G y C z ). The spin reorientation is of first order and sees a hysteresis of about 2.5 K atTSR. Below 35 K faint magnetic peaks reflectingC z type magnetic coupling appear and are argued to be related to the Ce-sublattice. Magnetic moments at 2 K amount toμFe= 4.15 μBandμCe= 0.11 μB. CeFeO3is only the secondRFeO3compound after DyFeO3showing this ground state magnetic structure of the Fe-sublattice. The orthorhombic structurePbnmis kept over the whole temperature range.Spin lattice relaxation rate is investigated for 3D tilted cone Weyl semimetals (TCWSMs). The nuclear spin relaxation rate is presented as a function of temperature and tilt parameter. We find that the relaxation rate behaves as(1-ζ2)-αwithα≈ 9 where 0 ⩽ζ less then 1 is the tilt parameter. We demonstrate that such a strong enhancement forζ≲ 1 that gives rise to very fast relaxation rates, is contributed by a new hyperfine interactions arising from the tilt itself. This can be attributed to the combination of anisotropy of the Fermi surface and an additional part related to the structure of the spacetime extracting an effective density of states (DOS)ρ̃from the Korringa relation, we show that it is related to the DOSρof the tilted cone dispersion by the 'redshift factor' asρ̃=ρ/1-ζ2. We interpret this relation as NMR manifestation of an emergent underlying spacetime structure in TCWSMs.A microphysiological system (MPS) holds great promise for drug screening and toxicological testing as an alternative to animal models. However, this platform faces several challenges in terms of the materials used (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS). For instance, absorption of drug candidates and fluorescent dyes into PDMS, as well as the effect elicited by materials on cultured cells, can cause inaccurate or misleading results in cell assays. The use of PDMS also poses challenges for mass production and long-term storage of fabricated MPSs. Hence, to circumvent these issues, herein we describe the development of a cyclo olefin polymer (COP)-based MPS using photobonding processes and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), designated as COP-VUV-MPS. COP is an amorphous polymer with chemical/physical stability, high purity and optical clarity. Due to the thermostability and high modulus of COP, the metal molding processes was applied for mass production of MPSs without deformation of microstructures and with quick fabrication cycle time (approx. 10 min/cycle). Moreover, VUV photobonding process with an excimer light at a 172-nm wavelength allowed assembling COP materials without the use of additional solvents and tapes, which might cause cell damages. In comparison with the conventional MPS made of PDMS (PDMS-MPS), COP-VUV-MPS showed improved chemical resistance without causing molecule absorption. Moreover, COP-VUV-MPS maintained the stemness of environmentally sensitive human-induced pluripotent stem cells without causing undesired cellular phenotypes or gene expression. These results suggest that COP-VUV-MPS may be broadly applicable for the advancement of MPS and applications in drug development, as well as in vitro toxicological testing.In this paper we present OMEGA, an open-source software, for efficient and fast image reconstruction in positron emission tomography (PET). OMEGA uses the scripting language of MATLAB and GNU Octave allowing reconstruction of PET data with a MATLAB or GNU Octave interface. The goal of OMEGA is to allow easy and fast reconstruction of any PET data, and to provide a computationally efficient, easy-access platform for development of new PET algorithms with built-in forward and backward projection operations available to the user as a MATLAB/Octave class. OMEGA also includes direct support for GATE simulated data, facilitating easy evaluation of the new algorithms using Monte Carlo simulated PET data. OMEGA supports parallel computing by utilizing OpenMP for CPU implementations and OpenCL for GPU allowing any hardware to be used. OMEGA includes built-in function for the computation of normalization correction and allows several other corrections to be applied such as attenuation, randoms or scatter. OMEGA includes several different maximum-likelihood and maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithms with several different priors.
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