Notes

Cu-MOF/hemin: the bionic compound with superb dispersity for your resolution of peroxide released through existing cells.
Gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia are important causes of perinatal morbidity. The objective of the present study was to determine the increase in relative risk for developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy based on the evaluation of pregnant women between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation, and to correlate the findings at this period with the outcome of pregnancy. We conducted a prospective cohort study, with a convenience sample of 1417 patients evaluated at this gestational age, of which 1306 were contacted at childbirth. We detected an increased relative risk of 2.69 (95%CI 1.86 to 3.89) associated with pulsatility index of the uterine arteries, a 2.8 increase (95%CI 1.58 to 5.03) in relative risk attributed to maternal age above 35 years, a 1.68 increase (95%CI 1.17 to 2.40) attributed to parity greater than or equal to 3, and a 5.35 increase (95%CI 4.18 to 6.85) attributed to chronic hypertension and obesity, with a progressive increase in relative risk according to the degree of overweight, i.e., grades 1, 2, 3, and morbid obesity (2.58, 3.06, 5.84, and 7.28, respectively).The introduction of early complementary feeding (ECF) is determined by different factors depending on when it occurs. The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with the introduction of ECF in two different moments of the infant's life from zero to three and from four to five months of age. A cohort with 3,306 dyads studied in the BRISA survey in São Luis/MA in 2010 was used. Questionnaires were applied at birth and at follow-up when the infants were 15 to 36 months of age of women with more than 20 weeks of gestational age, residing in this municipality. A multivariate model of multinomial logistic regression was used to verify associations between independent variables and ECF at 0 to 3 months and at 4 to 5 months of age. A hierarchical analysis model was used to select variables for confounding adjustment. Variables with a P-value less then 0.05 were considered significant. For ECF introduced between 0-3 months, the variables "use of pacifier", "maternal paid activity", "smoking", and "postpartum pregnancy" were identified as risk factors. The variables "use of pacifier" and "maternal paid activity" remained associated as a risk for ECF introduced from 4-5 months. The variable 'mother without partner' (RR=1.26 and P=0.04) represented a risk factor for ECF only for the 4-5 months period. Although each period presented specific risk factors, the use of pacifier and maternal professional activity were associated in the two periods studied, indicating their importance for the introduction of ECF.The increasing number of cases of COVID-19 worldwide poses challenges to healthcare systems not only in effectively identifying individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2, but also in isolating cases to minimise contagion in early diagnosing more severe cases that will need hospitalization. Less-invasive collection methods are indispensable in a pandemic scenario as large-scale tests are necessary to understand the actual evolution of contagion in different populations, thus enabling decision-making based on scientific evidence. Saliva has been shown to be an alternative for diagnosing viral infections as this biological fluid can be easily and quickly collected without using specific devices and causing less discomfort during collection, which is an important factor for use in children. Despite the smaller percentage of severe cases of COVID-19 among children, they seem to play an important role in the contagion as they have the same potential of transmission as that of adults. Knowing the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic in children is extremely important, mainly regarding the changing in rules of social distancing, such as re-opening schools and recreational activities spaces. In addition, countless cases of a severe multi-systemic inflammatory syndrome that shares clinical and laboratory features with Kawasaki's disease have been recently related to SARS-CoV-2 infections in children, adolescents and young adults. In view of this scenario, the aim of this study was to present saliva as an alternative for seeking diagnostic and prognostic markers of COVID-19 in children, including adequate sample collection techniques for different age groups.Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a new emerging strategy for the in situ treatment of tumors. In the microenvironment of tumor cells, CDT may be achieved through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g., hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2), which induce the death of tumor cells. Copper (Cu) or other transition-metal ions catalyze the production of ˙OH by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through Fenton or Fenton-like reactions. With the development of advanced nanotechnology, nanotherapeutic systems with Cu-based nanostructures have received extensive attention and have been demonstrated for their wide applications in the design and construction of nanotherapeutic systems for CDT, along with multimodal synergistic therapy. Herein, the cutting-edge developments of Cu-based nanostructures in CDT are reviewed and discussed, by focusing on the monotherapy of CDT as well as synergistic treatments by hyphenating CDT with various therapeutic protocols, e.g., photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and so on. In addition, the potential challenges and future perspectives are described in the improvement of CDT therapeutic efficacy, the enhancement of targeting capability, and mechanistic investigations on CDT therapy.In this study, an enhanced anticancer strategy combining the chemotherapy from antineoplastics with the oxidative damage from a sulfur dioxide (SO2) prodrug is presented. Based on the characteristics of a high glutathione (GSH) level in the tumor microenvironment, a novel GSH-responsive SO2 polymeric prodrug mPEG-b-P(PA-alt-GDNs) was designed and synthesized via a ring-opening alternating copolymerization and "click" reaction. The GSH-sensitive mechanism of the polymer was investigated in detail. Furthermore, Irinotecan was loaded into the polymeric prodrug nanoparticles by a self-assembly method with a drug loading content of 12.3 wt% and a loading efficiency of 42.2%. The drug-loaded nanoparticles showed a sensitive response to high concentrations of GSH in the tumor cells and rapidly released both Irinotecan and SO2. The depletion of GSH and the release of SO2 were supposed to increase the level of reactive oxygen species in the tumor cell, which, in combination with the released Irinotecan, exerted an enhanced anti-proliferative effect against HepG2 cells. Finally, Irinotecan-loaded nanoparticles exhibited a stronger antitumor effect than free antineoplastics in HepG2 cells. Thus, these results indicated that our polymeric prodrug SO2 is a promising candidate for chemotherapeutic drug delivery and would be a new weapon in anticancer treatment.Colloidal membranes, self assembled monolayers of aligned rod like molecules, offer a template for designing membranes with definite shapes and curvature, and possibly new functionalities in the future. Often the constituent rods, due to their molecular chirality, are tilted with respect to the membrane normal. Spatial patterns of this tilt on curved membranes result from a competition among depletion forces, nematic interactions, molecular chirality and boundary effects. We present a covariant theory for the tilt pattern on minimal surfaces, like helicoids and catenoids, which have been generated in the laboratory only recently. We predict several non-uniform tilt patterns, some of which are consistent with experimental observations and some, which are yet to be discovered.Tough hydrogels with the ability to be repeatedly processed into various shapes as thermoplastics are highly desired in advanced medical devices and tissue engineering. Here, we have developed a kind of versatile supramolecular hydrogel with a network cross-linked by double hydrogen bonds from poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) (PNAGA). The resulting PNAGA-30 hydrogels (30 wt% solid content) are tough, re-processable, and recyclable similar to thermoplastics. The hydrogels in the form of fragments can be easily re-processed into various shapes including sheet, filament, cylinder and other complex shapes by using simple stamping and injection methods. The mechanical properties of the re-programed hydrogels are comparable to the properties of the original hydrogels. The re-processability and robust mechanical properties of the PNAGA hydrogels are promising for practical applications in soft materials, tissue engineering and wearable devices. Furthermore, the PNAGA-30&LiCl ionic hydrogels can be fabricated by simply compositing LiCl into thermoplastic hydrogels. The PNAGA-30&LiCl hydrogels can function as multifunctional strain sensors to monitor large human movements and tiny vibrations, thereby showing great application potential in robotics, biomedical prosthetics, personal healthcare monitoring and so on.In recent years, considerable attention has been devoted to the exploration of novel synthetic methods for fluoro-lactams due to their significant biological and pharmaceutical activities. This review summarizes recently established strategies for synthesizing fluorine-substituted lactams, including fluoro-β-lactams, fluoro-γ-lactams, and fluoro-δ-lactams. Additionally, the reaction scopes, limitations, and mechanisms are discussed.Fusion between emulsion drops, also called coalescence, may be undesirable for storage or sought after depending on the desired application. In this latter case, a complete separation of the two liquids composing the emulsion is required. selleck compound The same objective may be applicable to foams. We have performed bottle test experiments on a model system of water in oil (w/o) emulsion stabilized by high amounts of hydrophobic surfactant Span 80. We observe two regimes for emulsion separation the first regime, which is fast and includes sedimentation of the water droplets, and the second regime, which exhibits a very dense and stable emulsion zone. link2 We predict the initial thickness of the dense zone as a simple function of surfactant concentration and mean droplet size. From the assumption that the coalescence rate depends only on the area of the thin film between two contacted droplets, we quantitatively model the separation kinetics of the dense emulsion zone. Our results give rise to a simple method that allows measuring the coalescence frequency per unit area, only by monitoring bottle test experiments.Polyelectrolyte (PE) nanogels which combine features of nanogels and polyelectrolytes have attracted significant attention as outstanding nano-carriers. However, and crucially, any large-scale application of PE nanogels can only materialize when an efficient production method is available. We recently developed such a robust approach, namely Electrostatic Assembly Directed Polymerization (EADP), in which ionic monomers are polymerized together with cross-linker in the presence of a polyion-neutral diblock copolymer as template. Although EADP achieves efficient and scalable preparation of diverse PE nanogels, the essential factors for the optimal and controlled synthesis of nanogels have remained elusive. link3 In this article, we investigate systematically the effects of pH, salt concentration, and cross-linker fractions on the formation and properties of a PDMAEMA nanogel prepared with PAA-b-PEO as the template. We find that the electrostatic interaction between the building blocks is crucial to obtain assembly-controlled polymerization, and we establish preferred pH, salt concentration and cross-linker fractions.
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