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The Ross operation is the preferred treatment for aortic valve replacement in children. However, previous studies indicate that the outcomes in neonates are poor. This meta-analysis examines the pooled outcomes of the Ross operation in neonates.

Four major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception until 5/1/2020 for studies describing outcomes of the Ross operation in neonates. The primary outcome was early mortality. The secondary outcomes were late mortality, and mechanical support. Random-effects models were used to account for possible heterogeneity between the studies and continuity corrections were used to include zero total event trials.

Eighteen studies comprising outcomes data on 181 neonates were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis showed a pooled early mortality rate of 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12% - 38%, I
=52%, P for heterogeneity=0.01). Meta-regression analysis showed that more recently published studies reported significantly worse early mortality (p = 0.03). The late mortality rate was 43%. The pooled incidence of postoperative mechanical support was 15% (95% CI = 5% - 28%, I
=28%, P for heterogeneity=0.22). There was no evidence for publication bias according to Egger's test (bias coefficient=0.21, P=0.57).

The neonatal Ross operation carries a high early mortality rate. The treatment of unrepairable aortic valves in neonates remains an unsolved problem in congenital cardiac surgery.
The neonatal Ross operation carries a high early mortality rate. The treatment of unrepairable aortic valves in neonates remains an unsolved problem in congenital cardiac surgery.
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the type of ring used had an impact on the long-term results of mitral repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR), due to posterior leaflet prolapse, treated with quadrangular/triangular resection.

From January 2002 to December 2008, 1406 patients with severe MR due to posterior leaflet prolapse underwent mitral repair. Out of them, we selected 452 consecutive patients treated with the same repair approach. Mitral annuloplasty to complete the repair was performed with a posterior flexible band (n = 260) or a complete semi-rigid ring (n = 192). The two groups were comparable at baseline and their clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were compared at long-term follow-up.

Overall survival at 14 years was similar (p = 0.29). The Cumulative Incidence Function of cardiac death, with non-cardiac death as competing risk, showed no difference (p = 0.71). At 14 years, probability of recurrence of MR ≥ 3+ was 1.11% in the flexible band group and 3.25% in the sor leaflet prolapse, treated with the same repair approach, the type of annuloplasty ring has no impact on the incidence of cardiac death and recurrence of mitral regurgitation at 14 years. Whether these findings remain stable at longer follow-up should be further investigated.Quick and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for COVID-19 control. Dozens of real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays have been developed to meet the urgent need of COVID-19 control. However, methodological comparisons among the developed qRT-PCR assays are limited. In the present study, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, amplification efficiency, and linear detection ranges of three qRT-PCR assays, including the assays developed by our group (IPBCAMS), and the assays recommended by WHO and China CDC (CCDC). The three qRT-PCR assays exhibited similar sensitivities, with the limit of detection (LoD) at about 10 copies per reaction (except the ORF 1b gene assay in CCDC assays with a LoD at about 100 copies per reaction). No cross reaction with other respiratory viruses were observed in all of the three qRT-PCR assays. Wide linear detection ranges from 106 to 101 copies per reaction and acceptable reproducibility were obtained. By using 25 clinical specimens, the N gene assay of IPBCAMS assays and CCDC assays performed better (with detection rates of 92 % and 100 %, respectively) than that of the WHO assays (with a detection rate of 60 %), and the ORF 1b gene assay in IPBCAMS assays performed better (with a detection rate of 64 %) than those of the WHO assays and the CCDC assays (with detection rates of 48 % and 20 %, respectively). In conclusion, the N gene assays of CCDC assays and IPBCAMS assays and the ORF 1b gene assay of IPBCAMS assays were recommended for qRT-PCR screening of SARS-CoV-2.Convalescent plasma is plasma collected from individuals after resolution of an infection and the development of antibodies. Passive antibody administration by transfusion of convalescent plasma is currently in clinical evaluations to treat COVID-19 patients. The level of neutralizing antibodies vary among convalescent patients and fast and simple methods to identify suitable plasma donations are needed. We compared three methods to determine the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity of human convalescent plasma life virus neutralization by plaque reduction assay, a lentiviral vector based pseudotype neutralization assay and a competition ELISA-based surrogate virus neutralization assay (sVNT). Neutralization activity correlated among the different assays; however the sVNT assay was overvaluing the low neutralizing plasma. On the other hand, the sVNT assay required the lowest biosafety level, is fast and is sufficient to identify highly neutralizing plasma samples. Though weakly neutralizing samples were more reliable detected by the more challenging lentiviral vector based assays or virus neutralization assays. Spike receptor binding competition assays are suitable to identify highly neutralizing plasma samples under low biosafety requirements. Detailed analysis of in vitro neutralization activity requires more sophisticated methods that have to be performed under higher biosafety levels.Undoubtedly, there is a tremendous concern regarding the new viral strain "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2" (SARS-CoV-2) and its related disease known as COVID-19. The World Health Organization has stated that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted from person-to-person close contact, as well as by small aerosol respiratory droplets. Moreover, the results of some recent studies about the role of air pollution on the spread and lethality of the novel coronavirus suggest that air contaminants could be also a transmission pathway of the virus. On the other hand, indirect transmission of the virus cannot be discarded. Among many sources of indirect transmission, there is the contamination of inert/inanimate surfaces. This manuscript was aimed at reviewing the scientific literature currently available in PubMed and Scopus. The results of the reviewed studies point out that SARS-CoV-2 can last on different surfaces from hours to a few days. However, rapid SARS-CoV-2 inactivation is possible by applying commonly available chemicals and biocides on inanimate surfaces. Consequently, although the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on inanimate surfaces can represent a potential route of transmission, appropriate disinfection measures should reduce the possibilities of coronavirus transmission, and hence, significantly decrease the risks of COVID-19.Microfibers (MFs) have recently become an increasingly prevalent pollutant in ecosystems and pose a direct threat to organisms and an indirect threat via adsorption of other pollutants. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans to study multigenerational effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MFs (diameter 17.4 μm) by observing the maternal generation (P0) to the seventh offspring generation (F7) with continuous MF exposure. Exposure to 250-μm PET MFs decreased locomotion behavior and induced intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the P0 generation compared with other PET MF sizes. Moreover, no notably negative effects on survival were observed in any generation during continuous exposure to 250-μm PET MFs. However, the reproduction rate clearly decreased in the F2 and F3 generations but gradually recovered in the F4-F7 generations. Developmental abnormalities showed a close relationship with body length. Although some recovery was confirmed, there were significant decreases in body length in the F2-F5 generations. Interestingly, growth inhibition was also observed in the F6 generation without MF exposure. ROS production and dermal damage in the P0-F5 generations might have resulted in the toxicological responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence of multigenerational toxicity of MFs in C. elegans.The broadly used industrial chemical bisphenol A (BPA), applied in numerous consumer products, has been under scrutiny in the past 20 years due to its widespread detection in humans and the environment and potential detrimental effects on human health. Following implemented restrictions and phase-out initiatives, BPA is replaced by alternative bisphenols, which have not received the same amount of research attention. As a part of the fourth cycle of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS IV, 2016-2020), we monitored the internal exposure to six bisphenols in urine samples of 423 adolescents (14-15 years old) from Flanders, Belgium. All measured bisphenols were detected in the study population, with BPA and its alternatives bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) showing detection frequencies > 50%. The reference values show that exposure to these compounds is extensive. IRAK-1-4 Inhibitor I price However, the urinary BPA level decreased significantly in Flemish adolescents compared to a previous cycle of the FLEHS (2008-2009).ge, the first to determine internal exposure levels of other bisphenols than BPA in a European adolescent population.Amino groups are successfully introduced on the surface of BiOBr nanosheets through a facile ammonia functionalization method. The surface morphology of the modified BiOBr hybrids varies on the concentration of applied ammonia solution. The active 001-facet-exposed feature of nanosheets is well retained after amino-functionalization. With generation of small Bi2O4 nanoparticles on the surface of BiOBr nanosheets, the light adsorption of hybrids gradually shifts to the near infrared range. Compared to pure BiOBr with negligible activity, BOB10 hybrids exhibit superior photocatalytic activity for bacterial inactivation, with 7-log cells reduction in 40 min under LED irradiation. Amino functionalization endows BOB10 hybrids excellent adhesion capability towards surface negatively-charged bacterium Escherichia coli, which can significantly shortened access distance of the predominant •O2- and h+ guaranteeing their inactivation ability on cells membrane, thus leading to remarkable bacterial inactivation performance.Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations are highly variable indoors, with evidence for exposure disparities. Real-time monitoring coupled with novel statistical approaches can better characterize drivers of elevated PM2.5 indoors. We collected real-time PM2.5 data in 71 homes in an urban community of Greater Boston, Massachusetts using Alphasense OPC-N2 monitors. We estimated indoor PM2.5 concentrations of non-ambient origin using mass balance principles, and investigated their associations with indoor source activities at the 0.50 to 0.95 exposure quantiles using mixed effects quantile regressions, overall and by homeownership. On average, the majority of indoor PM2.5 concentrations were of non-ambient origin (≥77%), with a higher proportion at increasing quantiles of the exposure distribution. Major source predictors of non-ambient PM2.5 concentrations at the upper quantile (0.95) were cooking (1.4-23 μg/m3) and smoking (15 μg/m3, only among renters), with concentrations also increasing with range hood use (3.
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