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We performed this meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of tracheoplasty for patients with pulmonary artery sling (PAS) and tracheal stenosis. Published studies that included surgical treatment of PAS and tracheal stenosis with and without tracheoplasty were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases until May 2020. The outcomes assessed included postoperative ventilation time, early and late mortality, and follow-up respiratory symptoms. The mean difference (MD)/risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated with a random-effects/fixed-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed stratified by percentage of patients with tracheal rings. A total of eight studies comprising 219 patients with PAS accompanied by tracheal stenosis were included. The pooled estimates of postoperative ventilation time (MD 17.68, 95% CI 6.38 to 28.98, p less then 0.01) and early mortality (RR 3.93, 95% CI 1.55 to 9.95, p less then 0.01) favored the repair-only group. Late mortality (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.48 to 3.68, p = 0.58) and respiratory symptoms (RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.50 to 4.57, p = 0.47) at follow-up showed no significant differences between the groups with repair-only and repair with tracheoplasty. The same results were found in subgroup analyses. For the surgical treatment of PAS with tracheal stenosis, repair without tracheoplasty appears to result in shorter postoperative ventilation time and lower early mortality, with no increase in late mortality or respiratory symptoms at follow-up, compared with concomitant tracheoplasty.Purpose of review Epithelial ovarian cancer is a disease that encompasses a number of histologically and molecularly distinct entities; the most prevalent subtype being high-grade serous (HGS) carcinoma. Standard first-line treatment of advanced HGS carcinoma includes cytoreductive surgery plus intravenous paclitaxel/platinum-based chemotherapy. Despite excellent responses to initial treatment, the majority of patients develop recurrent disease within 3 years. The introduction of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, bevacizumab, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors into first-line management has changed the outlook for this lethal disease. In this review, we summarise the most recent clinical trials that determine current primary therapy of advanced HGS carcinoma and the ongoing trials that aim to change management in the future. Recent findings Recent phase III clinical trials have shown that delayed primary surgery after completing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is non-inferior tthese highly efficacious targeted agents.Purpose The success of surgical treatment for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) is measured by postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), metamorphopsia, and foveal retinal sensitivity (RS).This study searched for predictive biomarkers of surgical success by determining the association between foveal RS and various aspects of vessel density (VD) in the fovea of patients with ERM. Methods The study examined 25 eyes of 25 patients with ERM who underwent 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS). RS was measured with microperimetry (MP-3; NIDEK) at four central points in the fovea with an interpoint distance of 2°. VD was measured with SD-OCT (RS 3000; NIDEK) within the 1-mm2 square defined by the 4 RS points at various depths, including the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus (SCP and DCP, respectively). Results Though VD did not change throughout the follow-up period, BCVA and RS significantly improved 1 and 3 months after surgery, respectively (both P less then 0.0017). Postoperative RS at 6 months was positively correlated with postoperative DCP VD at 1, 3, and 6 months (r = 0.62, P = 0.001; r = 0.40, P = 0.049; r = 0.53, P = 0.007, respectively), but not with SCP VD at any time point. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that postoperative RS at 6 months was associated with postoperative DCP VD at 1 month (P = 0.03). Conclusion Higher postoperative DCP VD at 1 month contributed to better postoperative foveal RS at 6 months. Early postoperative VD in the fovea might be a useful predictive biomarker of late postoperative RS in the fovea in ERM patients.Purpose We sought to compare choroidal vascular characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using quantitative analyses of ultra-widefield indocyanine green (UWF ICGA) images. Methods Eyes with CSC (n = 57), thick-choroid PCV (n = 29), thin-choroid PCV (n = 25), neovascular AMD (n = 45), and pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) (n = 28) were enrolled. On UWF ICGA images, choroidal vascular density (CVD) was assessed using binarization in the total area, posterior pole, each quadrant, and vortex ampullae. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured using optical coherence tomography. Results The CVDs of thin-choroid PCV and typical AMD were lower than those of CSC (P = 0.002 and P less then 0.001, respectively; P = 0.010 and P = 0.016 when adjusted for age.), whereas the CVDs of CSC, thick-choroid PCV, and PNV did not differ from each other (all P ≥ 0.161; all P ≥ 0.424 when adjusted for age). The CVD of the total area showed a positive correlation with SFCT in each also a whole group (all P ≤ 0.001). Meanwhile, the CVD of each ampullae positively correlated with that of the corresponding quadrant in total eyes and in each group (all P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions The mean CVD on UWF ICGA was increased in CSC, thick-choroid PCV, and PNV, whereas it was relatively low in thin-choroid PCV and typical AMD. Congestion at the vortex ampulla might be a cause of increased CVD, therefore increasing the SFCT in pachychoroid eyes.Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been used as a traditional medicine or healthy food in China for thousands of years. Hirsutella sinensis was reported as the only correct anamorph of O. learn more sinensis. It is reported that the laboratory-grown H. sinensis mycelium has similar clinical efficacy and less associated toxicity compared to the wild O. sinensis. The research of the H. sinensis is becoming more and more important and urgent. To gain deeper insight into the biological and pharmacological mechanisms, we sequenced the genome of H. sinensis. The genome of H. sinensis (102.72 Mb) was obtained for the first time, with > 99% coverage. 10,200 protein-encoding genes were predicted based on the genome sequence. A detailed secondary metabolism analysis and structure verification of the main ingredients were performed, and the biosynthesis pathways of seven ingredients (mannitol, cordycepin, purine nucleotides, pyrimidine nucleotides, unsaturated fatty acid, cordyceps polysaccharide and sphingolipid) were predicted and drawn.
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