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Transcriptome sequencing and also verification of genetics related to blood sugar access in Schizosaccharomyces pombe by simply RNA-seq investigation.
We found that current challenges of resource recovery from municipal wastewater come from both technical and non-technical (e.g., environmental, economic, and social) aspects. We also discussed future research opportunities that can tackle these challenges.Aluminum (Al)1 is ubiquitously present in the environment, and human exposure to Al is common. Al has been reported to be involved in various human diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neural tube defects (NTDs). This study aimed to examine the association between prenatal Al exposure and the risk for NTDs using Al concentrations in maternal serum and placental tissue. The subjects were recruited from six counties/cities in the Shanxi province of northern China from 2003 to 2016. Al concentrations in both types of specimens were assessed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In the maternal serum cohort (200 cases and 400 controls), compared to the lowest tertile concentration of Al, the highest Al tertile was associated with 2.42-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.23-4.87) increased risk after adjustment for confounding factors. In the placental tissue cohort (408 cases and 593 controls), the highest tertile of Al also tended to be associated with an elevated risk for NTDs [adjusted odds ratio, 1.60 (0.94-2.70)]. When analyzed by NTD subtypes, the highest Al tertile was associated with an increased risk for anencephaly in both cohorts after adjustment for confounders [odds ratio, 1.97 (1.15-3.48) in the maternal serum cohort; odds ratio, 4.75 (2.01-12.00) in the placental tissue cohort]. Taken together, using concentrations of Al in maternal serum and placental tissue as exposure markers, we found that prenatal exposure to higher levels of Al is a risk factor for fetal NTDs, especially for the anencephaly subtype.Probiotic supplementation is effective to modulate the metabolic disorders caused by perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS). see more However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To this end, the present study exposed adult zebrafish to PFBS (0 and 10 μg/L), probiotics, or their binary combinations for 40 days. After the exposure, the nutritional stores, intestinal organization, and metabolic activities along the gut-liver axis were investigated. The results showed that PFBS exposure decreased the nutrient reserves significantly, especially the lipid content, which was alleviated by the probiotic administration. Intestinal mucus secretion was promoted remarkably in the presence of the probiotic, which enhanced epithelial protection against PFBS damage. Metagenomic analysis showed that PFBS alone induced gut microbial dysbiosis, which was efficiently antagonized by the probiotic bacteria. Intestinal metabolomic profiling revealed that ferroptosis occurred because of the unrestricted lipid peroxidation following PFBS exposure. However, probiotic administration prevented the ferroptotic symptoms induced by PFBS, further highlighting the beneficial effects of the probiotic on the host. In PFBS-exposed livers, high levels of bile acid metabolites (e.g., taurochenodeoxycholic acid) accumulated, implying the induction of cholestasis. Notably, probiotic addition recovered the metabolomic homeostasis under PFBS stress, probably resulting from the activation of detoxification pathways based on the pentose and glucuronate interconversion. Overall, the present study provides systematic evidence of the antagonistic interaction between PFBS and the probiotic regarding the metabolic activities along the microbe, gut and liver axis, highlighting the application values of probiotic recipe in aquaculture industry and ecological reservation.Mobilizable colloids from reservoir sediment contain nutrients and contaminants, thus may affect water quality once being released. A major obstacle to evaluate the quantity and quality of mobilizable colloids in natural system is the using of appropriate method for colloid extraction from sediment and their separation from dissolved and particulate phases. This work evaluates the role of different extraction methods (agitation, sonication at sediment pH, and sonication at alkaline pH) on the characteristics (mass, size, shape and composition) of water-mobilizable colloids from sediment of Champsanglard dam reservoir (France). Attention has been paid to phosphorus (P), an important element in controlling eutrophication. Recovered colloids were highly affected on both quantity and quality according to the different applied protocols. The less aggressive agitation liberated low-energy water-dispersible colloids without physical damage and with less modification in colloidal chemical composition and shape, whereas sonication released 10-20 times higher colloid quantity but in lower size, due to physically disruption of fragile sediment structure or aggregated/chained colloids. In contrast, alkaline pH intensified colloid release by fortified repulsive forces between colloids and dissolution of organic coat. Concerning phosphorus, competition with hydroxide ions for sorption site or dissolution of phosphate minerals in alkaline pH caused release of dissolved P to solution and decrease of P content in recovered colloids. A special care should be paid to method selection according to the aim of the study and when comparing data from experiments conducted with different colloid extraction methods.The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of iron coagulant (IC), aluminum coagulant (AC) and lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) on the embryogenesis of pike. Physicochemical indicators of the water were determined according to the methods recommended by APHA (1999). The applied precipitating agents (IC, AC, LMB) at appropriate concentrations were sprayed on the surface of water in aquariums with the pike eggs placed on nets. The eggs were observed under a microscope, documenting their development using digital photography NIS Elements Br software. The number of fertilized eggs, embryo survival, and the percentage of malformed larvae were determined. The pike eggs and hatched larvae were recorded and measured. The percentage of fertilized eggs was found to be the highest in the control sample (LW) and in the IC sample (94% and 93.3%, respectively), 85.9% in the AC sample and 81.8% in the LMB sample. The pace of pike embryogenesis in the samples was identical - the embryos in both the control and other samples reached individual stages of embryonic development with an equal number of degree days (DD). The IC group hatched the earliest, and the control sample was the last to hatch (LW). In the control sample, the hatched larvae were the longest and had the lowest percentage of malformed individuals. The control sample also had the highest rate of embryo survival (85.9%), while the lowest was in the LMB sample (68.6%). These results indicate that the application of precipitating measures to improve water quality should not coincide with the periods of fish reproduction.Cyanobacteria produce numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that show a lytic activity against other cyanobacteria. We found the lytic phenomenon under natural conditions and during densification experiments, and also observed the species change of the cyanobacteria during the lysis processes, in which Microcystis finally became dominant. The species change of the cyanobacteria was strongly suggested to depend on the susceptibility of the cyanobacteria toward the VOCs. To verify this suggestion, the susceptibility of the species was evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using axenic cyanobacterial strains against β-cyclocitral, its oxidation products and β-ionone with the aid of log D. It was found that the difference depended on the susceptibility of the cyanobacteria toward the VOCs, in which β-cyclocitral played a crucial role and Microcystis had a significantly protective ability compared to the other cyanobacteria. In addition, the species change of cyanobacteria was consistent with the cyanobacterial seasonal succession in Lakes Sagami and Tsukui, based on data that had been accumulated for 10 years. Conventionally, although this phenomenon could be explained by nutrient availability or the physical structure of the environment, the results of this study revealed that it was controlled by the VOCs, particularly β-cyclocitral produced by the cyanobacteria.Some cyanobacteria produce toxins that threaten the aquatic ecosystem and human health. To prevent serious consequences, this study suggests a potential means of reducing microalgal toxins, microcystins (MCs) by applying non-thermal plasma (NTP) process. Quantified MC-RR, -LR, and -YR were drastically degraded and removed as much as 99.9% by reactive species generated by NTP. Results further demonstrate that NTP uses less energy based on estimated energy per order (EEO kWh m-3 order-1) than other advanced oxidation processes and requires relatively less time to remove the MCs. As a result, NTP may be a viable management option for effective MC control during severe surface water blooms.The aqueous extract synthesized using the biomass, Ziziphus spina-christi, was applied to protect the surface of aluminium under acidic environment. The influence of extract concentration (0-0.14 mg/ml), contact time (2-8 h) and temperature (303.15-313.15 K) on the inhibition efficiency was studied. Langmuir isotherm fitted well to the experimental observations (R2 > 0.960) confirmed the monolayer attachment of inhibitors. The values of activation energy observed in this study suggests that the inhibition process to be surface interaction-based process. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the process as feasible and exothermic. Potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies are conducted to study the mechanism of corrosion. The electrochemical corrosion kinetics was studied using current density-potential curves and the Tafel constants (βa and βc) were calculated as 154.42 and 128.35 mV, at 0.14 mg/mL of inhibitor concentration. The biomass-based corrosion inhibitor was characterized using scanning electron microscope and attenuated total reflection techniques.Membrane bioreactor technology includes the integration of biological wastewater treatment and physical separation by membrane filtration. When analyzing the system performance, efficiency of biological processes, physical separation and membrane fouling must be taken into consideration. Over the years, mathematical modelling of wastewater treatment has evolved and is being used extensively to optimize the performance of treatment systems. A Number of attempts have been made towards the development of mathematical models for membrane bioreactors and most of these models have not considered the effect of soluble microbial products on membrane fouling. Also the effect of periodic membrane cleaning was neglected. In this study, an integrated mathematical model was developed for the membrane bioreactor. A biological model based on activated sludge processes (extended with biopolymer kinetics) and a physical model with cake layer kinetics and membrane fouling have been combined. In order to overcome the drawbacks of previous attempts of modelling, the influence of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances are considered in the model integration. Further, the physical processes of the sludge removal and membrane cleaning which have strong influence on membrane fouling are considered in the model. "AQUASIM", a computer program for the identification and simulation of aquatic systems, was used for solving the processes. Calibrated and validated model enables the prediction of the system performance and membrane fouling under different operating conditions.
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