Notes

Retrospective Publish Mortem Study regarding Guardian Fatalities throughout Uyo, South-South, Nigeria.
To compare corneal and anterior segment morphology among children and adolescents with and without diabetes.

PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases were systematically searched. Studies that were observational in design were considered. Included studies should have been done in young children and/or adolescents and compared relevant outcomes of interest based on the diabetic status. The outcomes of interest were related to corneal morphology, morphology of lens, as well as important characteristics of anterior segment such as depth, pupillary diameter, intra-ocular pressure and axial length. The pooled effect sizes were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD). STATA software was used for statistical analysis.

The meta-analysis included 17 studies. Diabetic children had lower corneal endothelial cell density (cells/mm2) (WMD -215.7, 95% CI -406.5, -24.9), higher central corneal thickness (µm) (WMD 12.66, 95% CI 5.47, 19.84), higher lenticular thickness (mm) (WMD 0.25, 95% CI 0.13, 0.36) and density (WMD core the need for more advanced ophthalmological evaluation techniques, in addition to routine examination.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) generally requires surgical intervention to secure the aneurysm(s). Bromopyruvic inhibitor Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a common complication of aSAH that occurs before and after a clipping or coiling procedure. However, we have limited options for the prevention or early detection of CVS by far. Although some biomarkers were studied regarding the purpose, some of which are rather complicated and actually hard to obtain. We conducted this study to investigate the potential correlations between the platelets-to-serum Ca2+ ratio (P/C) and the occurrence of postoperative CVS in aSAH patients.

We enrolled 262 patients in this retrospective study, clinical features and lab results were collected from an electronic medical record (EMR) system. The variables were consecutively analyzed in univariate and multivariate analyses; p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. The predictive values of several certain variables for CVS were further assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

The prevalence of CVS in our study was 33.6%. Patients suffering from CVS had significantly increased P/C levels compared to those who did not (p = 0.045). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that P/C was independently associated with postoperative CVS (p = 0.041). ROC curves demonstrated prominent interactions between P/C and clinical rankings, in terms of predicting postoperative CVS in aSAH patients. At a cutoff value of 112.53, patients with higher P/C levels in the early stage of aSAH were more likely to develop symptomatic CVS after aneurysm occlusion (p = 0.004).

Among aSAH patients, a higher P/C at admission increases the risk of postoperative CVS events and, with easy access, it may serve as a novel predictor for the complication.
Among aSAH patients, a higher P/C at admission increases the risk of postoperative CVS events and, with easy access, it may serve as a novel predictor for the complication.In real practice, the patient with liver disease is often the carrier of multiple etiological factors, such as metabolic syndrome (MS) and alcohol consumption (AC). Their co-presence is often underestimated as AC is not adequately studied. AC is a contributing cause of MS and alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease have a substantially overlapping histopathological picture. Moreover, AC and MS are the cause (and the contributing cause) of extra-hepatic morbidity and mortality. It can be concluded that the possible simplification of terminology at metabolic associated liver disease (MALD) facilitates better communication and cooperation between scientific societies and specialists belonging to different medical sectors, facilitates early identification of related hepatic and extra-hepatic pathology, allows to "see the person in a unitary way", to create leaner healthcare pathways, to reduce the hospitalization rate with relative cost-benefit advantage and to create unitary prevention and health promotion policies.
Menstrual bleeding is a regular, common occurrence in a substantial portion of the population. Menstruators may use more than 10,000 menstrual products over the lifetime. Given the potential for environmental chemicals in menstrual products to be absorbed by the vulvar and vaginal epithelium into systemic circulation, we reviewed the available data on menstrual products as a source of environmental chemical exposure.

Nearly two dozen studies have been conducted measuring environmental contaminants in menstrual products; all have detected environmental chemicals but had discrepant conclusions on exposure risks. Only three human studies have investigated menstrual product use and environmental chemical concentrations and all observed associations. Detection of environmental chemicals in menstrual products, in combination with challenges of exposure assessment, scarcity of human studies, and the exceedingly common occurrence of menstrual bleeding, motivates the need for further research. We provide recommendations to move this field forward.
Nearly two dozen studies have been conducted measuring environmental contaminants in menstrual products; all have detected environmental chemicals but had discrepant conclusions on exposure risks. Only three human studies have investigated menstrual product use and environmental chemical concentrations and all observed associations. Detection of environmental chemicals in menstrual products, in combination with challenges of exposure assessment, scarcity of human studies, and the exceedingly common occurrence of menstrual bleeding, motivates the need for further research. We provide recommendations to move this field forward.
Ghrelin, a gastric hormone, provides a hunger signal to the central nervous system to stimulate food intake. Ghrelin also modulates neuroinflammatory and apoptotic processes. Dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), isinvolvedinthe regulationofneuronal polarization and axon regeneration. However, the effect of DOCK4 on ghrelin production has not been explored.

The expression of DOCK4 in human and mouse stomach was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The synthesis and secretion of ghrelin in Dock4 null mice were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot and ELISA. The effects of DOCK4 on ghrelin production in mHypoE-42 cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot.

We showed that DOCK4 was expressed in both human and mouse gastric ghrelin cells. The mRNA and protein levels of gastric ghrelin, as well as ghrelin secretion, were remarkably diminished in Dock4 null mice. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of Dock4 significantly stimulated ghrelin expression, while siRNA knockdown of endogenous Dock4 resulted in a marked decrease of ghrelin in mHypoE-N42 cells.

Our results identify DOCK4 as a critical regulator for ghrelin production in gastric X/A-like cells.
Our results identify DOCK4 as a critical regulator for ghrelin production in gastric X/A-like cells.Our previous studies indicated that the benzene metabolite hydroquinone (HQ) evokes the ROS/p38 MAPK/protein phosphatase 2A/tristetraprolin axis, leading to increased TNF-α expression in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines U937 and HL-60. In this study, we aimed to identify the upstream pathway involved in ROS-mediated TNF-α expression. HQ treatment increased SIDT2 expression, which subsequently decreased miR-25 and SIRT3 expression in U937 cells. Notably, miR-25 downregulation promoted SIDT2 expression in HQ-treated U937 cells. SIDT2 induced lysosomal degradation of SIRT3 mRNA, but inhibited miR-25 expression through a lysosome-independent pathway. MiR-25 inhibition reduced NOX4 mRNA turnover, resulting in increased NOX4 protein levels. NOX4 induces mitochondrial ROS production and HuR downregulation. Restoration of HuR expression increased SIRT3 expression, suggesting that NOX4-mediated HuR downregulation promotes SIDT2-mediated degradation of SIRT3 mRNA. Inhibition of NOX4 or SIRT3 overexpression abolished HQ-induced ROS production, thereby abolishing TNF-α upregulation. Overall, these results indicate that SIDT2 regulates the miR-25/NOX4/HuR axis and SIRT3 mRNA destabilization, leading to ROS-mediated TNF-α upregulation in HQ-treated U937 cells. HQ-induced increase in TNF-α expression in HL-60 cells was also mediated through a similar pathway.
Although smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, 15-25% of lung cancers occur in never smokers. Emerging evidence suggests lifestyle factors are associated with lung cancer risk, but few studies among never smokers exist.

A case-control study of never smokers within the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow's Health was conducted. At recruitment, participants provided data on lifestyle, health history and sociodemographic factors. Incident lung cancers were identified through linkage with administrative health records. Cases (n = 190) were matched to controls (n = 760) on age, sex, and follow-up time. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for matching factors and annual income, were used to identify associations between lifestyle factors and lung cancer risk.

Consumption of < 5 servings of fruits and vegetables/day was associated with higher risk of lung cancer (OR  1.50, 95% CI 1.03-2.17). Short or long sleep (≤ 6 or > 9h/night) was also associated with increased risk of lung cancer (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01-2.29). No associations were observed for obesity measures, alcohol consumption, or physical activity.

Our findings provide evidence of a potential role between sleep, fruits and vegetable consumption, and lung cancer risk in a pan-Canadian, non-smoking population. However, the sample size is modest, and further investigation is needed.
Our findings provide evidence of a potential role between sleep, fruits and vegetable consumption, and lung cancer risk in a pan-Canadian, non-smoking population. However, the sample size is modest, and further investigation is needed.We investigated gender differences in mental rotation performance in younger and older adolescents and effects of stereotype threat activation and a short mindfulness induction. Two hundred fifty younger adolescents from grades 5, 6, and 7 (119 boys) and 152 older adolescents from grades 10, 11, and 12 (80 boys) were divided into four groups with or without a mindfulness induction and with or without stereotype threat activation. All participants solved a mental rotation test and filled out a questionnaire about their gender stereotype beliefs and perceived abilities of masculine and feminine activities. Results illustrate that older adolescents outperformed younger adolescents, and gender differences in favor of males appeared only in the older age group. Independent of gender, the mindfulness induction had a significantly positive effect on adolescents' mental rotation performance that was significant only in the older age group. No effect of the stereotype activation was found. For gender stereotype beliefs and perceived abilities of gendered activities, the mindfulness intervention enhanced male stereotype beliefs and participants' perceived ability of masculine activities. A short mindfulness induction seems to have an enhancing effect on a subsequently performed stereotypically masculine cognitive task and consequently on adolescents' male stereotype beliefs and their perceived ability in masculine activities.
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