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Mother's mortality with the Korle Bu Educating Hospital, Accra, Ghana: Any five-year evaluation.
Conclusions are limited because of the small sample size and the retrospective nature of all existing literature on this subject. Surgeons should be encouraged to document and report these episodes.
Immunization-associated corneal graft rejection is a rare but likely underreported phenomenon. Patients and surgeons should be aware of this possible risk, although the evidence is inconclusive. Conclusions are limited because of the small sample size and the retrospective nature of all existing literature on this subject. Surgeons should be encouraged to document and report these episodes.
Peters-plus syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by mutations in the gene B3GLCT. A detailed description of the ocular findings is currently lacking in the scientific literature. We report a case series of Peters-plus syndrome with deep ocular phenotyping using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Where available, we describe the histology of host corneal buttons.

A retrospective chart review of patients with Peters-plus syndrome was conducted under the care of the senior author between January 2000 and June 2019. Demographic and clinical data including ocular and systemic features, ophthalmic imaging, and molecular diagnostic reports were collected.

Four cases of Peters-plus syndrome were identified. Three patients were male and 1 was female. Five of the 8 eyes had an avascular paracentral ring opacity with relative central clearing. The paracentral opacity is due to iridocorneal adhesion and the relative central clearing associated with posterior stromal thinning. One eye had persistent fetal vasculature and microphthalmia, which has not previously been reported. One eye from each of 2 patients had a significantly different phenotype with a large vascularized central corneal opacity.

The most common ocular phenotype seen in Peters-plus syndrome is an avascular paracentral ring opacity with relative central clearing. A different phenotype with a large vascularized corneal opacity may also be observed.
The most common ocular phenotype seen in Peters-plus syndrome is an avascular paracentral ring opacity with relative central clearing. A different phenotype with a large vascularized corneal opacity may also be observed.
We assessed the prevalence of refractive error in a sample of children of Northern Mexico using the Refractive Error Study in Children protocol of the World Health Organization, which allows for the comparison with other global studies.

Uncorrected refractive error is the main cause of visual impairment in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the refractive error and visual dysfunctions of students (15 to 18 years old) in the upper-middle school system of Sinaloa, Mexico.

A total of 3468 students in Sinaloa's high school system participated in the study from 2017 to 2019. Optometrists and student clinicians from the Optometry Program of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa conducted the testing. Tests included visual acuities and static retinoscopy. We did not use a cycloplegic agent.

The results showed a high prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors. Myopia, defined as a refractive error ≤-0.50 D, had a prevalence of 36.11% (95% confidence interval, 33.47 to 38.83%); hyperopia, definen children in Mexico.
Pituitary apoplexy is a syndrome with a varied appearance, which carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important to recognize the potential numerous symptoms and clinical findings, urgently investigate with the proper neuroimaging tests, and coordinate care with the appropriate specialists without delay.

This study aimed to describe a patient with worsening headache and ophthalmoparesis attributable to pituitary apoplexy who initially had reportedly a normal neuroimaging result and were diagnosed with migraine.

A 39-year-old Hispanic man with a history of migraine developed a new and worsening headache. He presented to a hospital emergency department where he underwent a non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography and MRI, whose results were subsequently interpreted as normal. His headache was attributed to migraine, and he was medicated as such and discharged. Three days later, he developed horizontal and vertical diplopia and sought a second opinion. His visual acuity and visual fcion for cavernous sinus involvement.
New or worsening headache with signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism should immediately be investigated for pituitary apoplexy. Other possible findings include involvement of cranial nerves III through VI because of cavernous sinus involvement and visual deficits if the optic chiasm or intracranial portion of the optic nerve is involved. However, growth may be lateral, and no visual deficits may be found, as in this case. Multiple concurrent cranial neuropathies should increase suspicion for cavernous sinus involvement.
Although the incidence of glioblastoma is relatively low, patients presenting with this malignant central nervous system tumor will typically experience visual symptoms. Eye care providers are uniquely positioned to assist with the diagnosis of glioblastoma and to manage its associated visual symptoms.

This case series will review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of glioblastoma while highlighting the eye care provider's role over the course of the disease process.

Three patients with glioblastoma are presented a 63-year-old White man with new onset of headache and blurred vision upon awakening, a 65-year-old White man with a weeklong history of peripheral vision deficit and neurological symptoms, and a 65-year-old White woman with visual field deficit and visual perception difficulties related to a known history of glioblastoma.

It is incumbent upon eye care providers to recognize examination findings such as new neurological symptoms and/or visual field defects that may warrant additional workup. In addition, eye care providers can serve a palliative role by maximizing the patient's remaining visual function and thereby quality of life.
It is incumbent upon eye care providers to recognize examination findings such as new neurological symptoms and/or visual field defects that may warrant additional workup. In addition, eye care providers can serve a palliative role by maximizing the patient's remaining visual function and thereby quality of life.
Facial nerve schwannomas are rare tumors that are usually benign and relatively slow in their progression. Common symptoms include facial neuropathy, auditory deficiencies, and parotid masses. Because of slow progression, symptoms are often present for over a year before an appropriate diagnosis is made.

The purpose of this study was to present a case in which comprehensive dry eye assessments and management led to diagnosis of facial nerve shwannoma in a patient who had no presenting symptoms of auditory deficiencies or facial weakness.

A 36-year-old woman presented for a contact lens examination with concerns of progressively worsening symptoms of irritation and dryness in her right eye that began 6 months earlier. Dry eye assessment visits and management strategies were implemented. Although this regimen was initially successful, symptoms returned after 7 months. At this visit, a new finding of incomplete blink in her right eye was manifested. Further in-office assessments revealed a weakened right oal neuropathy symptoms aside from mild unilateral dry eye and can be detected with comprehensive dry eye management. This case may contribute to future minor adjustments in clinical practice guidelines for asymmetric dry eye assessments.
Photographic depiction helps to illustrate the primary and secondary field of view effects of low vision devices along with their utility to clinicians, patients, and caretakers. This technique may also be helpful for designers and researchers in improving the design and fitting of low vision devices.

The field of view through spectacles-mounted low vision devices has typically been evaluated using perimetry. However, the perimetric field diagram is different from the retinal image and often fails to represent the important aspects of the field of view and visual parameters. We developed a photographic depiction method to record and veridically show the field of view effects of these devices.

We used a 3D-printed holder to place spectacles-mounted devices at the same distance from the empirically determined reference point of the field of view in a camera lens (f = 16 mm) as they would be from an eye, when in use. The field of view effects of a bioptic telescope, a minifier (reverse telescope), and peri and possible trade-offs of the low vision devices and may be beneficial in education and training.
Although most meningiomas are slow growing tumors mainly controlled by surgery with or without radiotherapy, aggressive meningiomas that fail these conventional treatments constitute a rare situation, a therapeutic challenge and an unmet need in neuro-oncology.

Mutational landscape in recurrent high-grade meningiomas include mainly NF2 mutation or 22q chromosomal deletion, whereas telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter, BAP-1 and CDK2NA mutations were also found in aggressive meningiomas. Pi3K-Akt-mTOR pathway is currently the most relevant intracellular signaling pathway target in meningiomas with preliminary clinical activity observed. Assessment of drug activity with progression free survival rate at 6 months is challenging in regard to meningioma growth rate heterogeneity, so that 3-dimensional growth rate before and during treatment could be considered in the future to selected new active drugs.

Despite a low evidence level, some systemic therapies may be considered for patients with recurrent meningioma not amenable to further surgery or radiotherapy. In recurrent high-grade meningioma, everolimus-octreotide combination, bevacizumab, sunitinib and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy exhibit a signal of activity that may justify their clinical use. Despite a lack of clear signal of activity to date, immunotherapy may offer new perspectives in the treatment of these refractory tumors.
Despite a low evidence level, some systemic therapies may be considered for patients with recurrent meningioma not amenable to further surgery or radiotherapy. In recurrent high-grade meningioma, everolimus-octreotide combination, bevacizumab, sunitinib and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy exhibit a signal of activity that may justify their clinical use. Despite a lack of clear signal of activity to date, immunotherapy may offer new perspectives in the treatment of these refractory tumors.
Inexperience in cast removal in the pediatric population can lead to a range of cast saw-related injuries. The purpose of this study is to validate a simple simulation-based wax model that is both reproducible and economical while providing a valuable tool that can be used to grade cast saw use performance in trainees.

Cylindrical wax models were used as an analog for a pediatric upper extremity. The wax models were casted in a proscribed reproducible fashion for consistency. selleck compound Two groups, the first consisting of 15 experienced cast saw users and the second consisting of 15 inexperienced individuals, completed 4 sequential longitudinal cuts in the casted wax models. After removal of the cast material, marks left by the cast saw in the wax were counted and measured. Indentation length, maximum depth, and maximum width were measured on each wax model. The total length of the cast saw indentations per cast saw user was also calculated.

For the inexperienced cast saw users, the average total length of the cast saw indentations was 526.
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