Notes

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pulsatility index (PI) or optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the ability of ONSD and ICP to predict intracranial hypertension.

A total of 68 patients with TBI were included in this retrospective study. After receiving surgery treatment, they underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). The statistical correlation between PI or ONSD and ICP 1 week after surgery was analyzed. Furthermore, the areas under the curve (AUCs) of ONSD or PI or a combination of them were calculated to predict intracranial hypertension.

There was a correlation between ONSD and ICP. This correlation still remained at ONSD ≥ 5mm. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between PI and ICP. There was a moderate correlation between ICP and PI on days 3, 4, and 5 after surgery (r=0.508, p<.001), and a strong correlation on days 6 and 7 after surgery (r=0.645,p<.001). Moreover, for predictingintracranial hypertension with PI ≥ 1.2mmor ONSD ≥ 5mm or a combination of them, the AUC was 0.729, 0.900, and 0.943, respectively (p<.001).

The correlation between ONSD or PI and invasive ICP was different with different levels of ICP in different periods in patients with TBIafter surgery. When ONSD≥5mm and PI≥1.2, it could predict elevated ICP more accurately.
The correlation between ONSD or PI and invasive ICP was different with different levels of ICP in different periods in patients with TBI after surgery. When ONSD ≥ 5 mm and PI ≥ 1.2, it could predict elevated ICP more accurately.
Defibrotide is a heterogenous mixture of polyanionic oligonucleotides currently approved for treatment of transplant-associated veno-occlusive disease. While defibrotide has a known role in limiting endothelial cell activation, some studies have also demonstrated anti-leukocyte properties. We recently revealed a role for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the thrombotic complications of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Here, we hypothesized that defibrotide might act to mitigate APS-relevant NET formation in vitro and in mouse models.

We used in vitro assays and a mouse model to determine mechanisms by which defibrotide inhibits NET formation and venous thrombosis in APS.

At doses ranging from 1 to 10 μg ml
, defibrotide significantly suppressed NET formation from control neutrophils stimulated with IgG isolated from APS patients. Defibrotide increased levels of intracellular cyclic AMP in neutrophils, and its suppressive effects on NET formation were mitigated by blocking adenosine A
receptor or by inhibiting the cyclic AMP-dependent kinase, protein kinase A. Defibrotide at doses ranging from 15 to 150 mg/kg/day inhibited NET formation and venous thrombosis in a model of antiphospholipid antibody-accelerated thrombosis-an effect that was reduced in adenosine A
receptor knockout mice.

This study is the first to demonstrate mechanisms by which defibrotide counteracts neutrophil-mediated thrombo-inflammation inherent to APS.
This study is the first to demonstrate mechanisms by which defibrotide counteracts neutrophil-mediated thrombo-inflammation inherent to APS.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients exhibit skeletal muscle atrophy, denervation, and reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Whilst chronic tobacco smoke exposure is implicated in COPD muscle impairment, the mechanisms involved are ambiguous. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that activates detoxifying pathways with numerous exogenous ligands, including tobacco smoke. Whereas transient AHR activation is adaptive, chronic activation can be toxic. On this basis, we tested the hypothesis that chronic smoke-induced AHR activation causes adverse muscle impact.

We used clinical patient muscle samples, and in vitro (C2C12 myotubes) and in vivo models (mouse), to perform gene expression, mitochondrial function, muscle and neuromuscular junction morphology, and genetic manipulations (adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer).

Sixteen weeks of tobacco smoke exposure in mice caused muscle atrophy, neuromuscular junction degeneration, and reduceuscular junction degeneration caused by chronic tobacco smoke exposure.
Isometric handgrip (IHG) training reduces the blood pressure in patients with hypertension. It is unclear how IHG exercise affects the haemodynamics and cardiovascular function through the muscle reflex in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Twenty patients (HFrEF n=10, HFpEF n=10) underwent left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume assessments using a conductance catheter and microtip manometer to evaluate haemodynamics, LV and arterial function, and LV-arterial coupling during 3min of IHG at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), followed by 3min of post-exercise circulatory arrest (PECA). Three minutes of IHG exercise produced significant and modest increases in the heart rate (HR) and LV end-systolic pressure (LVESP), respectively, in both HFpEF and HFrEF groups. In HFrEF, the increase in LVESP was caused by the variable increase in effective arterial elastance (Ea), which was counterbalanced by the increase in LV end-systolic elastance (Ees), resulting in a maintained Ees/Ea. In HFpEF, the increase in LVESP was not accompanied by changes in Ea, Ees, Ees/Ea, or LV end-diastolic pressure. LVESP during PECA was not maintained in HFpEF, suggesting smaller metabo-reflex activity in HFpEF.

The IHG exercise used in this study may increase the LVESP and LVEDP without detrimental effects on cardiac function or ventricular-arterial coupling, especially in HFpEF patients. The effects of IHG exercise on haemodynamics and ventricular-arterial coupling may be affected by the patient background and the type and intensity of the exercise.
The IHG exercise used in this study may increase the LVESP and LVEDP without detrimental effects on cardiac function or ventricular-arterial coupling, especially in HFpEF patients. The effects of IHG exercise on haemodynamics and ventricular-arterial coupling may be affected by the patient background and the type and intensity of the exercise.
Rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) helps to improve the diagnostic accuracy in endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) procedures. However, cytologists are seldom available to perform ROSE in many institutions. Recent studies have investigated the application of deep learning in cytologic image analysis. As such, the present study analyzed lung cytologic images obtained by EBUS procedures, and employed deep-learning methods to distinguish between benign and malignant cells and to semantically segment malignant cells.

Ninety-seven patients who underwent 104EBUS procedures were enrolled. Four hundred and ninety-nine lung cytologic images obtained via ROSE, including 425malignant and 74 benign, and most malignant were lung adenocarcinoma (64.3%). All the images were used to train a residual network model with 101layers (ResNet101), with suitable hyperparameters selected to classify benign and malignant lung cytologic images. An HRNet model was also employed to mark the area of malignant cells. Automatic patchmantic segmentation. The model was optimized for high accuracy and the automatic cropping facilitates the clinical application of our model. The success in both lung cytologic images classification and semantic segmentation on our dataset shows a promising result for clinical application in the future.
A substantial proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients demonstrate olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD). Self-reporting for OGD is widely used as a predictor of COVID-19. Although psychophysical assessment is currently under investigation in this role, the sensitivity of these screening tests for COVID-19 remains unclear. This systematic review aims to assess the sensitivity of self-reporting and psychophysical tests for OGD.

Systematic search on PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed from inception until February 16, 2021. Studies of suspected COVID-19 patients with reported smell or taste alterations were included. Data were pooled for meta-analysis. NS 105 chemical structure Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were reported in the outcomes.

In the 50 included studies (42,902 patients), self-reported olfactory dysfunction showed a sensitivity of 43.9% (95% CI, 37.8%-50.2%), a specificity of 91.8% (95% CI, 89.0%-93.9, and a DOR of 8.74 (95% CI, 6.67-11.46) for predictinticle is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Previous small studies have been reassuring regarding the pregnancy safety of hydroxychloroquine. One recent report found an increase in major birth defects at doses ≥400 mg/day. This study was undertaken to examine pregnancy outcomes following use of hydroxychloroquine.

Pregnant women prospectively enrolled in MotherToBaby/OTIS Pregnancy Studies exposed to hydroxychloroquine were selected. Disease-matched and healthy comparison groups without hydroxychloroquine exposure were randomly selected from the same source using a 11 ratio. Data were collected through interviews, medical records, and dysmorphology examinations. Outcomes were major and minor birth defects, spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery and infant growth.

Between 2004 and 2018, 837 pregnancies met criteria for inclusion, 279 exposed to hydroxychloroquine and 279 in each comparison group. Sixty pregnancies (7.2%) were lost-to-follow-up. Among live births, 20/232 (8.6%) with first-trimester hydroxychloroquine exposure had a major birth defect compared to 19/256 (7.4%) in the disease-matched group (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.18, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.61, 2.26), and 13/239 (5.4%) in the healthy group (adjusted OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.28, 2.05). Risks did not differ at doses ≥400 mg/day. No pattern of birth defects was identified. There were no differences in rates of spontaneous abortion or preterm delivery. Growth deficiency measures did not differ in the hydroxychloroquine-exposed vs. disease-matched group, except birth head circumference (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.07, 3.20).

We found no evidence of an increased risk for structural defects or other outcomes with hydroxychloroquine, with the exception of birth head circumference. For women treated with hydroxychloroquine, these findings are reassuring.
We found no evidence of an increased risk for structural defects or other outcomes with hydroxychloroquine, with the exception of birth head circumference. For women treated with hydroxychloroquine, these findings are reassuring.
When publishing qualitative research in international journals, researchers studying non-English-speaking participants provide quotes in English language. This is an issue of increasing concern given the need to be rigorous to represent a diversity of participants within their context, beyond how language (alone) situates them.

To argue for providing English and native language quotes in qualitative research reports.

Discussion.

This paper is based on the literature on use of quotes and translation in qualitative research and authors' experiences of publishing qualitative research.

Provision of native and English language quotes may allow for greater transparency of findings, thereby reflecting that the researchers adequately captured the socially and culturally dependent experiences of participants.

Presentation of findings with eloquent quotes serves as the gateway into the sociocultural experiences of individuals. We argued against the norm of providing translated quotes in qualitative reports and build a case for the provision of native as well as English language quotes to promote cross-cultural understanding.
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