Notes

Long term connection between the French ASTIS systemic sclerosis cohort with all the worldwide list blend rating.
Our results strongly support the repurposing potential of SPA1413, which received a fast track status from the US-FDA for cancer treatment, targeting the anti-amyloidogenic and anti-neuroinflammatory activities for Alzheimer's disease.
Our results strongly support the repurposing potential of SPA1413, which received a fast track status from the US-FDA for cancer treatment, targeting the anti-amyloidogenic and anti-neuroinflammatory activities for Alzheimer's disease.• High-temperature stress inhibits normal cellular processes and results in abnormal growth and development in plants. However, the mechanisms by which rice (Oryza sativa) copes with high temperature are not yet fully understood. • In this study, we identified a rice high temperature enhanced lesion spots 1 (hes1) mutant, which displayed larger and more dense necrotic spots under high temperature. HES1 encoded a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, which had the UGPase enzymatic activity. RNA sequencing analysis showed that photosystem-related genes were differentially expressed in the hes1 mutant under different temperatures, indicating that HES1 plays essential roles in maintaining chloroplast function. HES1 expression was induced under high temperature. • Furthermore, loss of function of HES1 affected the HSFs expression and its mutation exhibited greater vulnerability to high temperature. Several experiments revealed that higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species occurred in the hes1 mutant under high temperature. TUNEL and comet experiments indicated that the hes1 undergo more severe DNA damage under high temperature. The determination of chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure showed more severe photosystem-defects occurred in the hes1 mutant under high temperature. compound library chemical • This study reveals that HES1 plays a key role in adaptation to high-temperature stress in rice.
Recent studies showed that eating behaviors such as disinhibition, emotional and external eating, and snacking mediate genetic susceptibility to obesity. It remains unknown if diet quality and intake of specific food groups also mediate the genetic susceptibility to obesity.

This study aimed to assess if diet quality and intakes of specific food groups mediate the association between a polygenic risk score (PRS) for body mass index (BMI) and BMI and waist circumference (WC). We hypothesized that poor diet quality, high intakes of energy-dense food groups and low intakes of nutrient-dense food groups mediate the genetic susceptibility to obesity.

This cross-sectional study included 750 participants (56.3% women, age 41.5±14.9 years, BMI 27.8±7.5kg/m2) from the Quebec Family Study. A PRSBMI based on>500,000genetic variants was calculated using LDpred2. Dietary intakes were assessed with a 3-day food record from which a diet quality score (i.e., Nutrient Rich Food Index 6.3) and food groups were derivedet quality and intakes of specific food groups. These results suggest that improvement in diet quality may reduce obesity risk among individuals with high genetic susceptibility and emphasize the need to intervene on diet quality among these individuals.
Leucine has unique anabolic properties, serving as a nutrient signal that stimulates muscle protein synthesis.

We tested whether the leucine concentration is the only factor determining protein quality for muscle development.

We selected three dietary proteins casein (CAS), egg white protein (EWP), and albumin (ALB), representing the leucine concentrations of approximately 8.3, 7.7, and 6.7% of the total protein (w/w), respectively. In the chronic feeding experiment, these proteins were pair-fed to growing male Wistar rats (110-135g body weight [BW]) for 14 days as a protein source, providing 10% of total energy intake, after which, soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were excised to estimate muscle growth. In the acute administration experiment, we injected CAS, ALB, and EWP to rats by oral gavage (0.3g protein/100g BW), and after 1 or 3h, EDL muscle was excised for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In another chronic feeding experiment, rats were pair-fed e growth. Moreover, chronic supplementation of arginine to the CAS diet partly mimicked the EWP-induced muscle growth effect, indicating that arginine derived from EWP plays a significant role in the promotion of muscle anabolism. Translation of these results may allow for improved muscle growth in mammals fed EWP as a dietary protein source.We estimated the distributions of duration of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid shedding and time to reinfection among 137 persons with at least two positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) results from March to September 2020. We analyzed gaps of varying length between subsequent positive and negative NAAT results and estimated a mean duration of nucleic acid shedding of 30.1 (95% CI 26.3, 34.5) days. The mean time to reinfection was 89.1 (95% CI 75.3, 103.5) days. Together, these indicate that a 90-day period between positive NAAT results can reliably define reinfection in immunocompetent persons although reinfection can occur at shorter intervals.
Osteocrin (OSTN), a bone-derived humoral factor, was reported to act on heart and bone by potentiating the natriuretic peptide (NP) system. Ostn gene polymorphisms have been associated with renal function decline, but its pathophysiological role in the kidney remains unclear.

The role of endogenous OSTN was investigated using systemic Ostn-knockout mice (KO). As a model for OSTN administration, liver-specific Ostn-overexpressing mice crossed with KO (KO-Tg) were generated. These mice were subjected to the unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and renal lesions after 21 days of insult were evaluated. A comprehensive analysis of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was performed using a PCR array. Reporter plasmid-transfected proximal tubular cells (NRK52E) were used to investigate the mechanism by which OSTN affects the pathway.

After injury, KO showed marginal worsening of renal fibrosis compared to wild-type mice, with comparable renal atrophy. KO-Tg showed significantly ameliorated renal atrophy, fibrosis and tubular injury, together with reduced expressions of fibrosis- and inflammation-related genes. PCR array showed that the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was attenuated in KO-Tg. The downstream targets, Mmp7, Myc, and Axin2 showed similar results. MMP7 and Wnt2 were induced in corticomedullary proximal tubules after injury, but not in KO-Tg. In NRK52E, OSTN significantly potentiated the inhibitory effects of NP on TGFβ1-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which was reproduced by a cGMP analog.

Ectopic Ostn overexpression ameliorated subsequent renal injury following ischemia-reperfusion. OSTN could represent possible renoprotection in acute to chronic kidney disease transition, thus serving as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Ectopic Ostn overexpression ameliorated subsequent renal injury following ischemia-reperfusion. OSTN could represent possible renoprotection in acute to chronic kidney disease transition, thus serving as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Primary intestinal immunity through viral replication of live oral vaccine is key to interrupt poliovirus transmission. We assessed viral fecal shedding from infants administered Sabin monovalent poliovirus type 2 vaccine (mOPV2) or low- and high-doses of two novel OPV2 (nOPV2) vaccine candidates.

In two randomized clinical trials in Panama, a control mOPV2 study (October 2015 to April 2016) and nOPV2 study (September 2018 to October 2019), 18-week-old bOPV/IPV-vaccinated infants received one or two study vaccinations 28 days apart. Stools were assessed for poliovirus RNA by PCR and live virus by culture for 28 days postvaccination.

Shedding data were available from 621 initially RT-PCR negative infants (91 mOPV2, 265 nOPV2-c1, 265 nOPV2-c2 recipients). Seven days after dose 1, 64.3% of mOPV2 recipients and 31.3-48.5% of nOPV2 recipients across groups shed infectious type 2 virus. Respective rates 7 days after dose 2 decreased to 33.3% and 12.9-22.7%, showing induction of intestinal immunity. Shedding of both nOPV2 candidates ceased at similar or faster rates than mOPV2.

Viral shedding of either nOPV candidate was similar or decreased relative to mOPV2, and all vaccines showed indications that the vaccine virus was replicating sufficiently to induce primary intestinal mucosal immunity.
Viral shedding of either nOPV candidate was similar or decreased relative to mOPV2, and all vaccines showed indications that the vaccine virus was replicating sufficiently to induce primary intestinal mucosal immunity.
To better understand the various influences of COVID-19 on tobacco use, we examined three different tobacco user groups using qualitative methods.

Ten online focus groups with 61 adults from the Atlanta, GA area were held in October-November 2020 four with exclusive smokers (n=16), three with Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) users (dual and exclusive, n=22), and three with transitioning (recently quit or currently quitting) smokers and/or ENDS users (n=23).

Exclusive smokers reported smoking more frequently, driven by COVID-19-related stress, time at home, and boredom. They were not motivated to quit during the pandemic, and some considered smoking to be protective against COVID-19. ENDS users reported vaping less, with dual users often increasing their smoking; many were concerned about health effects of smoking and ENDS use during the pandemic. Transitioning smokers/ENDS users worried about their health and wanted to quit, but many found the stress of COVID-19 unbearable without tobacco use.eal with the stresses and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. This needs to be counteracted by educational campaigns to increase perceived harm of smoking, alternative stress-relief strategies, and mandated changes to the combusted tobacco products to make them less appealing.
To investigate pregnancy outcomes and risk factors in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).

A total of 158 pregnancies in 155 women with LN were divided into a remission group and a control group according to whether they achieved complete renal remission (CRR) prior to pregnancy. The adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk factors were retrospectively analyzed.

In the remission group, 130 LN patients with 133 pregnancies (two twin pregnancies) delivered 127 live births; 25 LN patients with 25 pregnancies delivered 19 live births in the control group. Compared with the control group, the remission group had significantly lower incidence of LN relapse, fetal loss, and premature birth. For LN patients in the remission group, a CRR duration <18 months (odds ratio (OR) 11.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.95-42.80, P <0.001) and anti-C1q antibody positivity before pregnancy (OR 7.2, 95% CI 1.38-37.41, P=0.019) were independent risk factors for LN relapse; anti-phospholipid antibody positivity (OR 9.32, 95% CI 1.27-68.27, P=0.028) and prednisone dosage during pregnancy≥12.5mg/d (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.37-10.99, P=0.011) were independent risk factors for fetal loss and premature birth, respectively; and age >30 years was an independent risk factor for preeclampsia and premature birth.

LN patients with a complete renal remission duration greater than 18 months were associated with good pregnancy outcomes and lower LN relapse. Age, anti-C1q and anti-phospholipid antibodies, and prednisone dosage during pregnancy were risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
LN patients with a complete renal remission duration greater than 18 months were associated with good pregnancy outcomes and lower LN relapse. Age, anti-C1q and anti-phospholipid antibodies, and prednisone dosage during pregnancy were risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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