Notes

The first comprehensive chloroplast genome of Fagopyrum leptopodum (Diels) Hedberg (Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae) with phylogenetic ramifications.
High-risk Human papillomavirus strains are widely known to be the causative agents responsible for cervical cancer development. Aggregated damage caused by papillomaviruses solely is estimated in at least 5% of all malignancies of the human body and 16% in cancers that affect the female genital area. Enhanced understanding of the complex issue on how the high extent of carcinogenicity is eventually formed due to infection by the Papoviridae family would contribute to enhancing current prevention strategies not only towards cervical cancer, but also other HPV associated cancers. This review article is aimed at presenting the key points in two directions the current cervical cancer prevention and related aspects of HPV behavior. Virtually all presently applied technologies related to HPV diagnostics and screening programs, such as HPV tests, colposcopy-based tests (VIA/VILI), conventional and liquid-based cytology available in some the most indicative countries are presented. Issues of availability, advantages,yright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] Total hip replacement (THR) is the standard surgical treatment of hip diseases. Periprosthetic bone mass density (BMD) loss may be a cause for revision surgery. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are now the principal class medications for osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the effect of BPs on treating periprosthetic osteoporosis after THR via a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed for RCTs on the effect of BPs on treating periprosthetic osteoporosis after THR and clinical outcomes relative to controls. The primary outcome measures were the change in BMD in each region of interest (ROI), the change in serum bone turnover marker levels, the change in functional parameters and the risk of adverse effects (AEs). The final search was performed in March, 2020. RESULTS Nine RCTs were included. A total of 359 patients met the inclusion criteria. BPs can clearly maintain periprosthetic BMD in ROIs at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 at 6, 12 and 24 months. In addition, BPs can clearly decrease serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) levels at 12 months. There was no significant difference in the risk of AEs between the BP and control groups; however, BPs can cause more patients to decline participation. CONCLUSION BPs can effectively maintain overall periprosthetic BMD, but BMD in ROI 5 remains controversial. In addition, the safety of BPs is relatively high, but the compliance may be relatively low. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected]'s disease (AD), with impairment of learning and memory as the common clinical manifestations, is one of the most challenging disease affecting individuals, their families and the society as a whole. The fact that its prevalence is escalating rapidly, with the total number of AD patients estimated to reach 115.4 million by 2050, has made the disease a very challenging ailment worldwide. Several biological barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB), drug efflux by P-glycoprotein and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier restrict the delivery of conventional AD drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) thereby, limiting their effectiveness. In order to overcome the above physiological barriers development of nanomedicines has been extensively explored. The present review provides an insight into the pathophysiology of AD and risk factors associated with AD. Besides this the various nanoformulations reported in literature for the diagnosis and treatments of AD have been classified and summarised. The patented nanoformulations for AD and details of nanoformulations which are in clinical trials are also mentioned. The review would be helpful to researchers and scientific community by providing them with information related to the recent advances in nanointerventions for the diagnosis and treatment of AD, which they can further explore for better management of the disease. However, inspite of the fact that the nanotherapeutics for managing AD have been extensively explored, the factors which hinder their commercialisation, the toxicity concern being one of them, need to be addressed so that effective nanotherapeutics for AD can be developed for clinical use. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] The diagnosis and prognosis of pathological conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cancer still need improvement. AMD is primarily caused due to the dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), whereas endothelial cells (ECs) play one of the major roles in angiogenesis; an important process which occurs in malignant progression of cancer. Several reports suggested about the augmented release of nano-vesicles under pathological conditions, including from RPE as well as cancer-associated ECs, which take part in various biological process including intercellular communication in disease progression. Importantly, these nano-vesicles are around 30-1000 nm and carry fingerprint of their initiating parent cells (IPCs). Therefore, these nano-vesicles could be utilized as the diagnostic tool for AMD and cancer, respectively. However, the analysis of nano-vesicles for biomarker study is confounded by their extensive heterogeneous nature. METHODS To confront this challenge, we utilized artificial intelligence (AI) based machine learning (ML) algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree model on the dataset of nano-vesicles from RPE and ECs cell lines with low dimensionality. RESULTS Overall, Gaussian SVM demonstrated highest prediction accuracy of the IPCs of nanovesicles, among all the chosen SVM classifiers. Additionally, the bagged tree showed highest prediction among the chosen decision tree-based classifiers. CONCLUSION Therefore, overall bagged tree showed the best performance for the prediction of IPCs of nano-vesicles, suggesting the applicability of AI based prediction approach in diagnosis and prognosis of pathological conditions, including non-invasive liquid biopsy via various biofluids-derived nano-vesicles. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and increasing cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Reversing this trend is complicated by the varied aetiological factors leading to liver cirrhosis resulting in molecular genetic and clinical heterogeneity, combined with frequent presentation at advanced stage. Large-scale genomic studies have identified alterations in key signalling pathways for HCC development and progression, but these findings have not yet directly influenced patient management in the clinical setting. Despite these translational challenges, a small number of anti-angiogenic systemic therapy agents have succeeded in recent randomized trials enriching the repertoire of available treatments for advanced HCC. In addition, the early promise of immune checkpoint inhibition is now on the cusp of delivering changes to standard systemic therapy algorithms. This review focuses on recent translational and clinical developments that have put forward current practice and explore the challenges encountered in attempting to improve the outcomes and experience of patients diagnosed with advanced HCC. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] This study investigated service use by individuals with serious and nonserious mental illness receiving mental health care in medical and mental health settings. METHODS Claims data from the New York State Medicaid Data Warehouse were examined for 8,988 patients who received at least one mental health service at an urban academic medical center during 2017 at a mental health setting, a medical setting, or both. RESULTS Most patients (59%) received all of their mental health care in medical settings and from unaffiliated providers, including a large portion (16%) with serious mental illness. Despite the availability of integrated care in the medical setting and use of unaffiliated mental health providers, rates of mental health inpatient admissions were high among all patients in this setting (including those with serious and with nonserious mental illness), considerably higher than for patients treated in a mental health clinic within the system. Rates of medical and substance abuse inpatient admissions were also much higher for patients treated in the medical setting and by unaffiliated providers, compared with those treated in the system's mental health clinics. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that when mental health services are available in medical and mental health settings within the same system, either patients with more severe physical illnesses are more likely to receive their mental health care in medical settings and from unaffiliated providers and thus have more hospitalizations of all types or affiliated mental health settings more effectively address clinical needs and thus reduce hospitalizations.OBJECTIVE The Community Informant Detection Tool (CIDT) is a vignette- and picture-based method of proactive case detection to promote help seeking for persons with depression, psychosis, alcohol use disorder, and epilepsy. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of the CIDT to increase help-seeking behavior in rural Nepal, where a district mental health care plan was being implemented. METHODS Twenty-four health facilities were randomly assigned to one of two methods for training their all-female cadre of community health volunteers standard training or standard training that included the CIDT. The authors compared the number of patients with depression, psychosis, alcohol use disorder, and epilepsy who were registered in the routine health information system prior to and 6 months after the training. RESULTS At health facilities where volunteers received CIDT training, 309 patients were registered as having depression, psychosis, alcohol use disorder, or epilepsy, compared with 182 patients at facilities where volunteers received standard training. The median number of patients registered was 47% greater at facilities where CIDT training was included (24 patients) than at facilities with standard training (16 patients) (p=0.04, r=0.42). The difference in the number of registered patients remained significant when the analysis factored in the population catchment (N=18 patients [CIDT] versus N=14 [standard] per 10,000 population; p=0.05, r=0.40). Fluorofurimazine CONCLUSIONS The median number of patients registered as having a mental illness was 47% greater at primary care facilities in which community health volunteers used the CIDT than at facilities where volunteers received standard training. Proactive case finding holds promise for increasing help seeking for mental health care.This Open Forum focuses on specific challenges, contingency planning considerations, and downstream impacts of COVID-19 on inpatient psychiatric care. COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that has been declared a pandemic. Challenges for inpatient psychiatry include risky close contact among staff and patients, space constraints, and structural barriers in care delivery. Nuanced considerations of five contingency planning strategies in response to COVID-19 are described, including COVID-19-specific precautions, visitor restrictions, physician workforce considerations, operational adjustments, and group therapy changes. Organized leadership and clear communication are identified as early priorities in pandemic response to minimize misinformation and address immediate challenges.
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