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48), and Stress Reactions (α  =  .56) subscales. Test-retest reliability was also strong (r = .86, p less then .001). Moderate to strong correlations with all except two criteria measures provided validation for the total and subscale scores. Validation measures varied significantly across the three levels of the PPPHM. CONCLUSIONS Results provide support for the reliability and validity of the PAT in SCD. Systematic screening with the PAT can help identify families of youth with SCD at risk for psychosocial problems and potentially help connect them to appropriate services. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] The objective was to explore whether action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) of aerobic and isometric exercise could induce hypoalgesic responses in asymptomatic individuals compared with placebo observation (PO). METHODS A randomized controlled pilot trial was designed. Twenty-four healthy participants (mean age = 21.9 ± 2.1 years) were randomized into three groups AO+MI (N = 8), AO, (N = 8), and PO (N = 8). All participants performed an actual aerobic running exercise (three series of 90 seconds at 85% of their VO2max and 30 seconds at 65% of their VO2max) and an isometric exercise protocol (isometric squats). A day later, they all performed the mental intervention, observing or imagining exercise execution performed the day before, according to their allocated group. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the quadriceps and epicondyle regions were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 15 minutes postintervention. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences in the group*time interaction for PPT in the quadriceps. The AO group showed a statistically significant increase at postintervention and at 15 minutes postintervention. The AO+MI group obtained a statistically significant increase in the two PPT regions compared with the PO group at Δpre-post. The AO group obtained a greater increase in the PPT in the quadriceps femoris than the PO group at Δpre-post and Δpre-post 15 minutes. selleck chemicals CONCLUSIONS AO and MI induce hypoalgesic responses compared with PO. AO isolated training showed pain modulation responses in the PPTs of the quadriceps region in young physically active adults. These findings highlight the potential role of brain training in pain management. © 2020 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] of RNA metabolism caused by mutations in RNA-binding protein genes, such as transactivating DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Unlike the accumulation of TDP43, which is accepted as a pathological hall mark of sporadic ALS (sALS), FUS pathology in sALS is still under debate. Although immunoreactive inclusions of FUS have been detected in sALS patients previously, the technical limitation of signal detection, including the necessity of specific antigen retrieval, restricts our understanding of FUS-associated ALS pathology. In this study, we applied a novel detection method using a conventional antigen retrieval technique with Sudan Black B treatment to identify FUS-positive inclusions in sALS patients. We classified pathological motor neurons into 5 different categories according to the different aggregation characteristics of FUS and TDP-43. Although the granular type was more dominant for inclusions with TDP-43, the skein-like type was more often observed in FUS-positive inclusions, suggesting that these 2 proteins undergo independent aggregation processes. Moreover, neurons harboring FUS-positive inclusions demonstrated substantially reduced expression levels of dynactin-1, a retrograde motor protein, indicating that perturbation of nucleocytoplasmic transport is associated with the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions of FUS in sALS. © 2020 American Association of Neuropathologists, Inc. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE Screening for pain in routine care is one of the efforts that the Veterans Health Administration has adopted in its national pain management strategy. We aimed to understand patients' perspectives and preferences about the experience of being screened for pain in primary care. DESIGN Semistructured interviews captured patient perceptions and preferences of pain screening, assessment, and management. SUBJECTS We completed interviews with 36 patients 29 males and seven females ranging in age from 28 to 94 years from three geographically distinct VA health care systems. METHODS We evaluated transcripts using constant comparison and identified emergent themes. RESULTS Theme 1 Pain screening can "determine the tone of the examination"; Theme 2 Screening can initiate communication about pain; Theme 3 Screening can facilitate patient recall and reflection; Theme 4 Screening for pain may help identify under-reported psychological pain, mental distress, and suicidality; Theme 5 Patient recommendations about how to improve screening for pain. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that patients perceive meaningful, positive impacts of routine pain screening that as yet have not been considered in the literature. Specifically, screening for pain may help capture mental health concerns that may otherwise not emerge. 2020 American Academy of Pain Medicine. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.BACKGROUND Secondary analysis of health administrative databases is indispensable to enriching our understanding of health trajectories, health care utilization, and real-world risks and benefits of drugs among large populations. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed at assessing evidence about the validity of algorithms for the identification of individuals suffering from nonarthritic chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) in administrative databases. METHODS Studies reporting measures of diagnostic accuracy of such algorithms and published in English or French were searched in the Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AgeLine, PsycINFO, and Abstracts in Social Gerontology electronic databases without any dates of coverage restrictions up to March 1, 2018. Reference lists of included studies were also screened for additional publications. RESULTS Only six studies focused on commonly studied CNCP conditions and were included in the review. Some algorithms showed a ≥60% combination of sensitivity and specificity values (back pain disorders in general, fibromyalgia, low back pain, migraine, neck/back problems studied together).
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