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The use of teledentistry as compared with conventional strategies may result in a large reduction in the plaque index (standardized mean difference, -1.18; 95% CI, -1.54 to -0.82; I2 = 92%; low certainty) and will likely result in a large reduction in the gingival index (standardized mean difference, -2.17; 95% CI, -3.15 to -1.19; I2 = 97%; moderate certainty) and in the incidence of white spot lesions (risk ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.66; I2 = 0%; moderate certainty), with an increased effect over time. Evidence suggests that teledentistry, particularly mHealth (messages and apps), is a promising clinical tool for preventing and promoting oral health, especially under the accelerated virtualization of dentistry. Future studies should include a broader spectrum of the population, including adults and elders, to better inform policy and implementation of teledentistry (PROSPERO CRD42020192685).Nigeria recorded her first case of COVID 19 in Lagos State on 27th February 2019, and the number of confirmed cases of COVID 19 has risen to 59 287, with 1113 deaths as of 4th October 2020. The commentary highlighted the importance of a health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) and its potential in addressing surveillance gap, and the inadequacy of existing sociodemographic database used for palliative administration. The authors examined the HDSS in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic response and learning from the Nahuche model. The Nahuche HDSS model has the potential of identifying poor households as it collects standard data on the socio-economic status of each of the households within the demographic surveillance area (DSA). Standard questionnaire in assessing the household socio-economic status adapted from standard surveys, such as Nigeria Health and Demographic Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey, was administered on the household heads of each household every 2 years to monitor socio-economic advancement of the households. Data on variables such as household possessions, including animals and livestock, were collected and analyzed using factor analysis to group the households into different wealth indices. HDSS provides an opportunity to ameliorate the challenges associated with halting the spread of the virus in the areas of surveillance and administration of palliatives in Nigeria, where there is a paucity of reliable demographic and household-level socio-economic data. This paper calls for the setting up of a functioning HDSS in each region of Nigeria to address the dearth of reliable data for planning health and socio-economic interventions.
To investigate if co-transfection of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2,
) and human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2,
) via chitosan nanoparticles promotes osteogenesis in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs)
.
Recombinant
and/or
expression vectors were constructed and packaged into chitosan nanoparticles. The chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by atomic force microscopy. Gene and protein expression levels of BMP-2 and FGF2 in ADSCs
were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression were also evaluated by real-time PCR to assess osteogenesis.
The prepared chitosan nanoparticles were spherical with a relatively homogenous size distribution. The
and
vectors were successfully transfected into ADSCs. BMP-2 and FGF2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in the co-transfection group compared with the control group. OCN and BSP mRNA levels were also significantly increased in the co-transfection group compared with cells transfected with
or
alone, suggesting that co-transfection significantly enhanced osteogenesis.
Co-transfection of human ADSCs with
via chitosan nanoparticles efficiently promotes the osteogenic properties of ADSCs
.
Co-transfection of human ADSCs with BMP2/FGF2 via chitosan nanoparticles efficiently promotes the osteogenic properties of ADSCs in vitro.Achieving and maintaining venous access can be challenging in some premature and low birth weight infants. In this population, the supraclavicular ultrasound-guided in-plane approach to the brachiocephalic vein for central venous access has demonstrated great success with a low rate of complications. This case describes the first report of acquired chylothorax in association with this technique, in a previously extremely preterm and low birth weight infant.
Systematic review.
Adult spinal deformity (ASD) can be a debilitating condition with a profound impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Many reports have suggested that the frailty status of a patient can have a significant impact on the outcome of the surgery. The present review aims to identify all pre-operative patient-specific frailty markers that are associated with postoperative outcomes following corrective surgery for ASD of the lumbar and thoracic spine.
A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify findings regarding pre-operative markers of frailty and their association with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing ASD surgery of the lumbar and thoracic spine. The search was performed in the following databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL.
An association between poorer performance on frailty scales and worse postoperative outcomes. find more Comorbidity indices were even more frequently employed with similar patterns of association between increased comorbidity burden and postoperative outcomes. Regarding the assessment of HRQoL, worse pre-operative ODI, SF-36, SRS-22 and NRS were shown to be predictors of post-operative complications, while ODI, SF-36 and SRS-22 were found to improve post-operatively.
The findings of this review highlight the true breadth of the concept of "frailty" in ASD surgical correction. These parameters, which include frailty scales and various comorbidity and HRQoL indices, highlight the importance of identifying these factors preoperatively to ensure appropriate patient selection while helping to limit poor postoperative outcomes.
The findings of this review highlight the true breadth of the concept of "frailty" in ASD surgical correction. These parameters, which include frailty scales and various comorbidity and HRQoL indices, highlight the importance of identifying these factors preoperatively to ensure appropriate patient selection while helping to limit poor postoperative outcomes.
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