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05）. After a 2-year treatment, the symptom scores the of SLIT group were significantly improved compared with the control group; serum levels of IL-4 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the SLIT group; the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3 in the SLIT group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant（P less then 0.05）. ConclusionSLIT combined with conventional drug therapy is more effective in improving the symptoms of AR patients than conventional drug therapy. SLIT can reduce the inflammation level and expression of autophagy-related proteins in AR patients to a certain extent.ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of hearing and the changing trend of hearing loss in all age groups in Hunan Province, and to explore the incidence of age-related hearing impairment and the feasibility of early screening in aging people. MethodA total of 13 681 subjects were divided into different age groups of 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old, 51-60 years old, 61-70 years old, 71-80 years old, and >80 years old. The average value of speech frequency hearing threshold （0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kHz frequency） was calculated as an average hearing threshold. 4.0 and 8.0 kHz were high frequency sounds, hearing threshold > 25 dB at 4.0 and 8.0 kHz is the high-frequency pure-tone hearing loss. ResultThe proportion of hearing loss was the lowest in the 31-40 years old group （6.8%）, whereas the proportion of hearing loss was the highest in the >80-year-old group （91.6%）. The proportion and degree of hearing loss increased with the increase of age （P60 years old group than that of the 31-60 years old group, and the difference was statistically significant （P less then 0.05）. ConclusionThe proportion and degree of hearing loss in adult populations in Hunan Province significantly increased with age; hearing loss show up in the early age of the elderly; people with normal speech frequency hearing threshold should also routinely perform the high-frequency hearing test; speech frequency and high-frequency pure-tone hearing testing could be used in early detection of pre-sensual hearing loss, and its extent of routine hearing impairment screening will facilitate early intervention.ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of adult rhabdomyosarcoma（RMS） of nasal cavity and sinus. MethodThere were 35 adult patients with RMS, including 22 with embryonal type and 13 with acinar type. Surgery + chemoradiotherapy（17 cases）, surgery + radiotherapy（6 cases）, surgery + chemotherapy（7 cases）（4 cases of seed implantation after surgery and chemotherapy）; Five patients were treated with antitumor drugs instead of surgery. ResultThe study follow-up 9-62 months, adult nasal sinuses RMS total 5 years survival rate was 2.9%, among them the IRS stage>Ⅱ period, the infiltration of the skull base tumor, local lymph node metastasis, tumor diameter of 5 cm or more, 50% or higher Ki-67 are poor prognosis factor. ConclusionRMS in nasal cavity and sinus are mostly embryonal type in adults, and the 5-year overall survival rate is low, which is related to larger primary tumor volume, local lymph node metastasis, skull base infiltration and higher ki-67 ratio at the first diagnosis in adults.ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and effectiveness of medialization thyroplasty for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold immobility （UVFI）. MethodEight UVFI patients were performed medialization thyroplasty under local anesthesia. We made a window in the thyroid cartilage under local anesthesia, then insert the preformed silicone implant. The paralyzed vocal fold was medialized to make the glottis closed. Fibrolaryngoscope video recording, subjective voice analysis and CT thin slice scan of larynx were done before and after surgery to evaluate closure of vocal cords, improvement of voice and position of implantation. ResultThe preoperative and postoperative voice handicap index 30（VHI-30） of the 8 patients were 91.5（64.5, 97.5） and 22.5（5.0, 47.5） respectively, which showed statistical difference（P less then 0.05）. GRBAS results The postoperative G, R, B, A were all smaller than preoperative ones, which showed statistical difference（P less then 0.05）; the pre and postoperative S was both 0. The fibrolaryhgoscope recording showed the preoperative and postoperative score of incomplete glottis closure was 1.0（1.0, 1.0） and 4.0（2.5, 5.0） respectively, which showed statistical difference（P less then 0.05）. Postoperative laryngeal CT showed significant vocal cord medialization on the affected side. Aspiration was significantly improved in 4 patients who were suffered from this symptom before the surgery. No complication occurred with the 8 patients during 5 to 48 months follow up. ConclusionMedialization thyroplasty can effectively improve vocalization and quality of life in patients with UVFI.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of Eustachian tube pressure measurement after tympanic membrane placement and the timing of postoperative tube removal. MethodA total of 108 patients（202 ears） with chronic otitis media with effusion（OME）were enrolled. All patients underwent tympanostomy（T-tube） or with adenoidectomy. Eustachian tube pressure measurement（TMM） was performed preoperatively and postoperatively, and the Eustachian tube score（ETS-5） was recorded before and 6 and 12 months after surgery and statistical analysis was performed. ResultThere was a statistically significant difference between the preoperative ETS-5 scores at 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery. There was no significant difference between the 12 months and 18 months after surgery. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of OME in patients with tympanic membrane indwelling time of 12 months and 18 months, but the rate of perforation was 18 months. ConclusionThe tympanic ventilation tube helps the recovery of the Eustachian tube function. The TMM examination is simple and non-invasive. It is suitable for the evaluation of the timing of the tympanic ventilation tube. The tympanic membrane is suitable for tube removal after 12 months of indwelling.ObjectiveTo evaluate the short-term and long-term efficacy of balloon dilatation Eustachian tuboplasty（BET） and insertion of tympanostomy tubes in the treatment of recurrent otitis media with effusion（OME） in children, and to provide new ideas for the treatment of OME. MethodWe made a retrospective analysis of 29 OME patients who had accepted BET and insertion of tympanostomy tubes in Beijing Children's Hospital. Their case history, the past history of insertion of tympanostomy tubes or adenoidectomy, and the audiometry and Eustachian tube function before surgery and 1 month, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months and 36 months after surgery were recorded. Statistical software was used to evaluate the recovery of Eustachian tube function and the prognosis of OME. Blasticidin S molecular weight ResultThe average pure tone audiometry（PTA） of 29 patients was 17.5, 22.5, 18.5, 22.5, 18.5, 22.5, 22.5 dB at 1 month, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months and 36 months postoperatively. All the 29 patients'PTA was normal. ETS before surgery was 2.404±2.168. ETS of 1 month, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after surgery was 4.064±3.003, 5.230±2.790, 5.787±2.170, 6.490±2.292 respectively. There was significant difference between preoperative and postoperative（P less then 0.01）. ConclusionBET was a safe and reliable surgery for the treatment of OME in children. Its obvious effect was manifested at least 9 months after surgery. Therefore, tympanostomy tubes and BET were recommended doing at the same time for the treatment of OME with eustachian tube dysfunction. At the same time, in order to decrease the risk of recurrent OME, we recommended to take the tubes out until 12 months after surgery.ObjectiveThe study aimed to observe the difference in postoperative complications and recurrence rates of adenoidectomy plus myringotomy or adenoidectomy plus tympanostomy with tube insertion for children with adenoid hypertrophy combined with otitis media with effusion. MethodChildren 4 to 12 years old with otitis media with effusion combined with adenoid hypertrophy were assigned to receive either adenoidectomy plus myringotomy（group A） or adenoidectomy plus tympanostomy tube insertion（group B）. Pre-and post-operative data was recorded. ResultThere is no ear complication in group A. In group B, some children suffered otorrhea, perforation, blocked tympanic membrane vent and calcification. The recurrence rate of the group A was significantly higher than that of the group B at 3 month after operation. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups at 6th month and 12th month after operation. ConclusionFor children aged 4-12 years with adenoid hypertrophy combined with otitis media with effusion, adenoidectomy plus myringotomy can avoid complications after tympanic tube insertion without increasing the risk of long-term recurrence, we recommend this procedure as the first choice.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of otitis media with effusion（OME） on vestibular function in children. MethodA total of 57 patients diagnosed with OME were collected and treated with grommet insertion and returned to our hospital 2 weeks later. Sixty children were also included as control group. Bone conducted vestibular evoked myogenic potentials（VEMP） and video head impulse（vHIT） were performed with OME patients both preoperatively and postoperatively. Control group received the same examination. The N1 latency, P1 latency, N1-P1 amplitude, N1-P1 latency were recorded with 60 dB nHL bone conducted stimulus, also bone conducted VEMP threshold. Single factor analysis of variance and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis. ResultIn OME group, threshold value of oVEMP was higher and amplitude of N1-P1 in OME group was lower after grommet insertion. In cVEMP, amplitude of N1-P1 in the normal group and OME preoperative group was larger than that in postoperative group. In oVEMP, there was no significant difference in N1-P1 amplitude between control group and OME preoperative group, N1 latency, P1 latercy and N1-P1 latency showed no significant difference as well. In cVEMP, there was no significant difference in N1-P1 amplitude between control group and OME group. There were no significant differences in threshold, N1 latency, P1 latency and N1-P1 latency. In vHIT, there was no significant difference between OME group, postoperative group and control group. After grommet insertion, instantaneous gain of the horizontal semicircular canal at 60 ms was lower than that before surgery. ConclusionVestibular test results of children with OME are different from those of normal children, and the corresponding changes also occur after grommet insertion, which deserves further clinical attention.It has been more than 2 months since the outbreak of coronavirus disease（COVID-19）. The Chinese Ear & Nose & Throat Department（ENT） health care workers are brave in defending against the disease. The COVID-19 patients without predominant symptoms may consult ENT doctors, even though the ENT department isn't thought first front of the battle. The ENT health care workers have high risks of exposing to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This article gives some recommendations of infection prevention and control to ENT health care workers of the outpatient and inpatient department.
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