Notes

Kids should not be ignored: Erotic physical violence victimization along with associated aspects between school-going teenagers inside urban Ghana.
, which may provide significant supports for the development of potential candidates for UC treatment.
Zukamu Granules (ZKMG) is one of the representative Uygur patent drugs widely used in China, which is included in the National Essential Drugs List (2018 edition). As the first choice for common cold treatment in Uygur medicine theory, it has unique anti-inflammatory and antitussive efficacy.

According to the recent inflammatory hypothesis, the abnormal proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis process of lung cells especially alveolar macrophages (AMs) may play an important role in the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, we came up with a novel treatment approach for IPF by regulating the balance of AMs "autophagy - apoptosis", and took ZKMG as the sample drug for our research.

Network pharmacology approach was conducted to predict the active components and intersected targets between ZKMG and inflammation. PPI network, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were screened and analyzed to predict the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ZKMG. Biological experiment adopted from 128 rats, and hemaemonstrated that inhibiting the apoptosis and promoting autophagy activity of AMs may suggest a new perspective for IPF treatment, which would provide reference for the subsequent development.
There is a dearth of longitudinal data describing the evolution of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in infants with Down syndrome (DS) beyond infancy. We hypothesized that babies with DS, independent of the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD), demonstrate biventricular systolic and diastolic impairment and sustained elevation of pulmonary pressures compared with controls over the first 2years of age.

This was a prospective observational cohort study of 70 infants with DS (48 with CHD and 22 without CHD) and 60 controls carried out in 3 tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Dublin, Ireland. Infants with DS with and without CHD and non-DS controls underwent serial echocardiograms at birth, 6months, 1year, and 2years of age to assess biventricular systolic and diastolic function using deformation analysis. Pulmonary vascular resistance was assessed using pulmonary artery acceleration time and left ventricular (LV) eccentricity index.

Infants with DS exhibited smaller LV (birth 27±4 vs 31±2mm, P&ide valuable insights into the pathophysiology affecting cardiorespiratory morbidity in this population.
Low-dose rituximab is a protocol used in several autoimmune diseases, that has also shown to be effective and safe in pemphigus vulgaris.

To study whether low-dose rituximab is also effective for bullous pemphigoid.

Patients with BP were treated with a single cycle of two infusions of rituximab 500mg at an interval of 2 weeks. Early and late end points were monitored.

Six patients, five males and a female, with a mean age of 78.6 years (range 65-89) and a mean history of BP of 6.7 months (range 2-16) were included. A rapid and marked response was observed after a single cycle of treatment, with a mean time to disease control and to end of consolidation phase of 1.9 (range 1-3), and 4 weeks (range 3-5), respectively. MSDC-0160 in vivo Four patients achieved a late end point at a mean of 15.75 weeks (range 13-20). Three of them achieved partial remission with no therapy (two patients) or with minimal therapy (one patient), and one of them achieved complete remission with no therapy. One patient has 6 weeks of clinical follow-up after rituximab administration. The remaining patient relapsed 4 weeks after the rituximab treatment, and remains in complete remission with more than minimal therapy. One patient had a herpetic gingivostomatitis related to rituximab.

Low-dose rituximab for BP achieved acceptable remission rates and steroid-sparing activity, with a better safety profile and a lower cost, compared to standard doses. This pilot study suggests that low-dose rituximab could be a therapeutic option for BP.
Low-dose rituximab for BP achieved acceptable remission rates and steroid-sparing activity, with a better safety profile and a lower cost, compared to standard doses. This pilot study suggests that low-dose rituximab could be a therapeutic option for BP.Some children with severe microcephaly related to Zika virus infection show affective social-like behavior, such as smiling and rejection to a stranger's lap. Our objective was to check the association between this behavior and the occurrence of Mismatch Response (MMR) in event-related potentials. Twenty eight microcephalic children, aged 1-3 years, were divided in Affect(+) and Affect(-) groups, according to either the presence or absence of affective social-like behavior, respectively, and underwent the OddBall paradigm with vowels as auditory stimuli. MMR was statistically estimated comparing MMR sample means between both groups. The Affect(+) group significantly differed from the Affect(-) group and, as opposed to the latter, showed MMR as Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in the left occipital, left and right posterior temporal, and (especially) the right and median parietal leads. The relationship observed between MMN and affective social-like behavior suggests that these children may have cognitive mechanisms capable of providing some social interaction, despite their profound neurological dysfunction. MMN diagnostic techniques seem to be promising for the triage of microcephalic subjects regarding cognitive functions and for choosing a strategy for some social adaptation.The gut microbiome is undoubtedly a key modulator of human health, which can promote or impair homeostasis throughout life. This is even more relevant in old age, when there is a gradual loss of function in multiple organ systems, related to growth, metabolism, and immunity. Several studies have described changes in the gut microbiome across age groups up to the extreme limits of lifespan, including maladaptations that occur in the context of age-related conditions, such as frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiometabolic diseases. The gut microbiome can also interact bi-directionally with anti-age-related disease therapies, being affected and in turn influencing their efficacy. In this framework, the development of integrated microbiome-based intervention strategies, aimed at favoring a eubiotic configuration and trajectory, could therefore represent an innovative approach for the promotion of healthy aging and the achievement of longevity.Aging is associated with a decrease in the function of the immune system, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence, which results in reduced resistance to infection. Caloric restriction (CR) is known to prolong lifespan and to regulate immune function. However, whether and how CR affects immunosenescence remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of long- and short-term CR on immunosenescence by subjecting wild-type mice to CR between 6 and 18 months of age or between 17 and 18 months of age, respectively. Compared with a normal diet or short-term CR, long-term CR induced marked or complete attenuation of age-related decreases in the frequency of spleen NK cells and NKT cells; naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; and cytokine- and granzyme B-secreting T cells. In contrast, both long- and short-term CR significantly suppressed age-related upregulation of the T cell exhaustion markers PD-1, Tim-3, and KLRG1, as well as the transcription factors NR4A1 and TOX, which regulate the expression of genes associated with the T cell exhaustion phenotype. These results suggest that CR might suppress age-associated immunosenescence by regulating the expression of transcription factors and target genes that control T cell exhaustion.Ageing is widely believed to reflect the accumulation of molecular damage due to energetic costs of maintenance, as proposed in disposable soma theory (DST). Here we use agent-based modelling to describe an alternative theory by which ageing could undergo positive selection independent of energetic costs. We suggest that the selective advantage of aberrant cells with fast growth might necessitate a mechanism of counterselection we name selective destruction that specifically removes the faster cells from tissues, preventing the morbidity and mortality risks they pose. The resulting survival advantage of slower mutants could switch the direction of selection, allowing them to outcompete both fast mutants and wildtype cells, causing them to spread and induce ageing in the form of a metabolic slowdown. Selective destruction could therefore provide a proximal cause of ageing that is both consistent with the gene expression hallmarks of ageing, and independent of accumulating damage. Furthermore, negligible senescence would acquire a new meaning of increased basal mortality.Predation is a psychological stressor in prey animals. Besides direct killing and consumption by predators, the perception of predation risk indirectly influence prey population behavior, dynamics and physiology. Few studies identified the transcriptomic response associated with predator presence/abundance in natural populations and uncontrolled settings. However, to our knowledge, intersexual differences in the number of genes whose expression change in response to high predation risk have not been previously reported in wild mammals. Here, by using publicly available gene expression data in wild yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer), we found that the number of differentially expressed genes in response to predator stress is higher in female marmots (n = 516) than males (n = 387). Only a small percentage of these differentially expressed genes (n = 36) are shared between the sexes, and that the most of the differentially expressed genes are expressed in a sex-specific manner in response to predation stress. Overall, our results provide new insight into sex-specific variation in gene expression changes in wild mammals under high predation risk.
Caregivers of patients with chronic kidney disease from rural communities play a crucial role in access to dialysis and transplantation, but they face many challenges including geographical distance, financial hardship, and limited support. This study aimed to inform strategies to overcome these challenges by describing the experiences of caregivers of patients with kidney failure from rural Australian communities in accessing kidney replacement therapy.

Qualitative study.

18 adult caregivers of Australian rural patients with kidney failure treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Semistructured interviews were conducted. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed.

The 18 participants were aged 20 to 78years; 13 (72%) were female, and 13 (72%) were the spouse/partner of the patient. We identified 5 themes devastating social isolation (difficult periods of separation, exclusion from peers, forced relocation); financial dependency and sacrifice (burgeoning out-of-pocket costs, disruptiondifficulties reported included traveling long distances, needing to move to larger towns and leaving their homes, feeling concerned for the long-term effects on their children, physical exhaustion, and financial issues. Additional efforts are needed to identify the means by which caregivers and their families in rural towns can obtain support to care for those with kidney failure.
This interview-based study elicited the challenges faced by people and family members who care for patients from rural towns who are receiving dialysis or kidney transplantation. The barriers and difficulties reported included traveling long distances, needing to move to larger towns and leaving their homes, feeling concerned for the long-term effects on their children, physical exhaustion, and financial issues. Additional efforts are needed to identify the means by which caregivers and their families in rural towns can obtain support to care for those with kidney failure.
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