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We identified putative selective sweep regions that showed low genetic variation in the crisphead type. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses provided evidence that these genomic regions were, in part, associated with delayed bolting, implicating the positive selection of delayed bolting in reducing variation. Our findings enhance the current understanding of genetic diversity and the impacts of selective breeding on patterning genetic variation in lettuce.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease with poor therapeutic strategies. Mastiha possesses antioxidant/anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties. Foscenvivint The authors investigate the effectiveness of Mastiha as a nonpharmacological intervention in NAFLD.

Ninety-eight patients with NAFLD in three countries (Greece, Italy, Serbia) are randomly allocated to either Mastiha or Placebo for 6 months, as part of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. The authors assess NAFLD severity via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and LiverMultiScan technique and evaluate the effectiveness of Mastiha through medical, anthropometric, biochemical, metabolomic, and microbiota assessment. Mastiha is not superior to Placebo on changes in iron-corrected T1 (cT1) and Liver Inflammation Fibrosis score (LIF) in entire patient population; however, after BMI stratification (BMI ≤ 35kg m
and BMI > 35kg m
), severely obese patients show an improvement in cT1 and LIF in Mastiha versus Placebo. Foscenvivint Mastiha increases dissimilarity of gut microbiota, as shown by the Bray-Curtis index, downregulates Flavonifractor, a known inflammatory taxon and decreases Lysophosphatidylcholines-(LysoPC) 181, Lysophosphatidylethanolamines-(LysoPE) 181, and cholic acid compared to Placebo.

Mastiha supplementation improves microbiota dysbiosis and lipid metabolite levels in patients with NAFLD, although it reduces parameters of liver inflammation/fibrosis only in severely obese patients.
Mastiha supplementation improves microbiota dysbiosis and lipid metabolite levels in patients with NAFLD, although it reduces parameters of liver inflammation/fibrosis only in severely obese patients.A girl with a known chromosomal deletion at Xp22.33, learning difficulties and short stature presented with dyspnea and dry cough and an abnormal chest X-ray. Computed tomography was typical for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), and the diagnosis was confirmed invasively. More detailed genetic analysis detected a homozygous deletion of the colony-stimulating factor-2-receptor alpha subunit (CSF2RA) gene. In this patient, the Xp22.33 deletion affected 8 genes, including CSF2RA, leading to GM-CSF receptor dysfunction and hereditary PAP. This is the first report of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) as collateral damage from a large chromosomal deletion.
This study aims to determine the frequency of germline BRCA 1/2 mutations in Turkish women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and evaluate its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.

In this cross-sectional study, all women with recently diagnosed EOC presenting to Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital Medical Oncology Clinic between 2016 and 2019 were referred for BRCA testing. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 76 patients applying to Medical Genetics and BRCA1/2 genes were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics 2015 criteria were followed for classification of genetic variants.

Twenty-four women (31.6%) had pathogenic germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Of these, 17 patients (22.4%) harbored germline BRCA1 mutations and 7 (9.2%) had BRCA2 mutations. When we compared the patients with and without BRCA mutations, there was significant difference in terms of family history (41.7% vs 9.6%, respectively, P=.001). Among all patients, 15 (19.7%) had history of breast or ovarian cancer in first- or second-degree relatives. Germline BRCA1/2 mutations were detected in 66.7% of patients with family history, while these mutations were found in 22.9% of patients without family history (P=.001).

In this sample 31.6% of Turkish women with EOC harbored germline BRCA1/2 mutations, which seems higher compared to other ethnic groups except for the Ashkenazi Jews population. All women with EOC should be referred for BRCA testing regardless of family history, age at diagnosis, and histological subtype.
In this sample 31.6% of Turkish women with EOC harbored germline BRCA1/2 mutations, which seems higher compared to other ethnic groups except for the Ashkenazi Jews population. All women with EOC should be referred for BRCA testing regardless of family history, age at diagnosis, and histological subtype.
To investigate the risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension in children treated with systemic glucocorticoid.

Prospective cohort study of children treated with high-dose systemic glucocorticoid (prednisolone-equivalent >0.5 mg/kg/day) for more than 2 weeks. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by an Icare tonometer. An intraocular hypertensive response was defined as a net increase in IOP ≥6 mmHg from baseline or a peak IOP ≥21 mmHg in either eye. Patients with a peak IOP ≥31 mmHg or a net increase in IOP ≥15 mmHg were considered as high responders.

Sixteen children with median age 12 years (range 5-17) were included in the study. Nine children (56%) developed a steroid-induced ocular hypertensive response. Two children (12%) were high responders with peak IOP between 32 and 44 mmHg and a net increase in IOP between 15 and 23 mmHg. link2 All children were asymptomatic and IOP was normalized in all after withdrawal of steroid. Steroid responders were significantly younger than nonresponders (p = 0.03). Foscenvivint No associations were found between net IOP increase and time to peak pressure, steroid dose at peak pressure or accumulated prednisolone dose at peak IOP.

Systemic treatment of children with glucocorticoid can cause a significant increase in IOP which indicates the need for IOP screening of these children. The risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension may depend on age and ethnicity. In this perspective, further studies on Caucasian children are needed.
Systemic treatment of children with glucocorticoid can cause a significant increase in IOP which indicates the need for IOP screening of these children. The risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension may depend on age and ethnicity. In this perspective, further studies on Caucasian children are needed.
Multiple hypotheses are evolving that suggest several, potentially overlapping etiologies for olfactory dysfunction (OD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Understanding inflammatory cytokine profiles of the olfactory cleft (OC) and their association with olfactory function is foundational for future clinical care and research.

This cross-sectional, case-control study evaluates associations among OC mucus inflammatory proteins, psychophysical olfactory testing, and computed tomography (CT) analysis of the OC and sinuses. Normative reference intervals were determined for each protein and odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare proportions of altered expression between CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

Case subjects with CRS (n = 151) and controls (n = 74) were evaluated. link2 A majority of OC proteins tested were found within detectable ranges for cases and controls. link3 The CRS cohort had significantly higher concentrations for 23 of 26 proteins. CRS cases with abnormal C mucous inflammatory proteins might play in defining endotype and in impacting CRS-related OD. ©2021 ARSAAOA, LLC.
This study confirmed that OC inflammatory proteins vary both by disease phenotype and in their association with OD. Type 2 inflammatory mediators are increased in CRS, especially within the CRSwNP group. link2 However, a substantial proportion of CRSsNP also express type 2 inflammatory mediators. Further research is necessary to understand the complex roles OC mucous inflammatory proteins might play in defining endotype and in impacting CRS-related OD. ©2021 ARSAAOA, LLC.
To determine the effect of laser trabeculoplasty on peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL), fovea avascular zone (FAZ), peripapillary and macular vessel density (VD) in glaucoma using with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

This was a prospective observational study performed at the Glaucoma Research Centre, Montchoisi Clinic, Lausanne, Switzerland. Thirty-seven eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma from 21 patients were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) scans were performed before laser trabeculoplasty and at 2 and 6 months after the procedure. AngioVue AngioAnalytic (Optovue Inc, Fremont, CA, USA) software was used to analyse the RNFL, FAZ, peripapillary and macular VD. Changes were analysed using mixed models, controlling for intraocular pressure (IOP) and signal strength index (SSI) variations.

Mean IOP decreased from 18.5 (±3.7) mmHg at baseline to 15.6 (±2.7) mmHg after 2 months (-15.3%; p < 0.001). No significant changes in RNFL thickneicrovascular fluctuations and IOP, and no significant effect of laser trabeculoplasty on VD or RNFL was observed at 6 months despite persistent IOP reduction. link3 Further research is warranted to understand its exact causes and clinical relevance.
To review the expected increasing demand for cancer services among low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), and to describe ways in which Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) can provide support to improve cancer outcomes in our region.

We first review the current and projected incidence of cancer within the APAC between 2018 and 2040, and the estimated demand for chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. We then explore potential ways in which ANZ can increase regional collaborations to improve cancer outcomes.

We identify 6 ways that ANZ can collaborate with LMICs to improve cancer care in the APAC through the ANZ Regional Oncology Collaboration Strategy Increasing education and institutional collaborations in the APAC region through in-country training, twinning partnerships, observerships and formalised training programs in order to increase cancer care quality and capacity. Promoting and assisting in the establishment and maintenance of population-based cancer registries in LMICs. link3 Increasing research capacity in LMICs through collaboration and promoting high quality global oncology research within ANZ. Engaging and training Australian and New Zealand clinicians in global oncology, increasing awareness of this important career path, and increasing health policy engagement. Increasing web-based endeavours through virtual tumour boards, web-based advocacy platforms and web-based teaching programs. Continuing to leverage for funding through professional bodies, government, industry, not-for-profit organisations and local hospital funds.

We propose the creation of an Australian and New Zealand Interest Group to provide formalised and sustained collaboration between researchers, clinicians and stakeholders.
We propose the creation of an Australian and New Zealand Interest Group to provide formalised and sustained collaboration between researchers, clinicians and stakeholders.
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