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in English, Spanish ANTECEDENTES El modelo de cirugía de 23 horas consiste en un procedimiento quirúrgico electivo con estancia en el hospital durante una noche en aquellos pacientes que no son adecuados para cirugía ambulatoria. MÉTODOS Se puso en marcha un estudio prospectivo de seguimiento de pacientes sometidos a cirugía con un modelo planificado de 23 horas en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel durante un periodo de 12 meses a los dos años de la implementación del modelo. Los pacientes fueron entrevistados a las dos semanas tras la cirugía, y se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos operativas y en los informes de los pacientes. El resultado primario fue el éxito del proceso definido como el alta antes de las 10 horas en la primera mañana postoperatoria. Los resultados secundarios fueron el reingreso a los 30 días y la tasa de reoperaciones, eventos adversos, y satisfacción del paciente con el proceso. RESULTADOS Entre mayo de 2017 y mayo de 2018, 993 pacientes adultos fueron sometidos a cirugía con un modelo planificado de 23 horas, de los cuales 937 pacientes siguieron el modelo tal como se planificó (tasa de éxito 94,4%). Las tres especialidades quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron ginecología, aparato digestivo y ortopedia. El proceso quirúrgico se cambió a un modelo de hospitalización en 45 (4,5%) pacientes, y 11 (1,1%) pacientes fueron dados de alta en el día de la cirugía. La tasa de reingreso fue del 1,9% (n = 19) y 5 pacientes (0,5%) precisaron de una reoperación en los primeros 30 días tras la cirugía. Se observaron eventos adversos en 53 pacientes (5,3%), siendo una infección el más frecuente. La satisfacción del paciente tuvo una mediana de 6-7 (de un total de 7) puntos para varios aspectos del modelo. CONCLUSIÓN La tasa de éxito y la satisfacción del paciente del modelo de cirugía de 23 horas son elevadas.Isoprene is an important bulk chemical which is mostly derived from fossil fuels. It is used primarily for the production of synthetic rubber. Sustainable, biotechnology-based alternatives for the production of isoprene rely on the fermentation of sugars from food and feed crops, creating an ethical dilemma due to the competition for agricultural land. This issue could be addressed by developing new approaches based on the production of isoprene from abundant renewable waste streams. Here, we describe a proof-of-principle approach for the production of isoprene from cellulosic biomass, the most abundant polymer on earth. We engineered the mesophilic prokaryote Clostridium cellulolyticum, which can degrade cellulosic biomass, to utilize the resulting glucose monomers as a feedstock for the production of isoprene. This was achieved by integrating the poplar gene encoding isoprene synthase. The presence of the enzyme was confirmed by targeted proteomics, and the accumulation of isoprene was confirmed by GC-MS/MS. We have shown for the first time that engineered C. cellulolyticum can be used as a metabolic chassis for the sustainable production of isoprene. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mk571.html © 2020 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) may arise in up to 20% of cases of acute pancreatitis and in up to 40% of chronic pancreatitis. [1] Chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis is the most common cause of PPCs, followed by chronic gallstone pancreatitis. Even though 65% of PPC cases resolve spontaneously, persistent cases may require endoscopic or surgical treatment. [2] Nowadays, endoscopic ultrasound-guided cystogastrostomy with a stent is a common procedure with growing acceptance which continues to demonstrate effectiveness. [3] Alternatively, a trans-gastric cystogastrostomy as a surgical approach for PPC can be performed through open laparotomy, laparoscopic approach, [4] or robotic assistance. [5] To the best of our knowledge, robotic retrogastric cystogastrostomy, which does not involve anterior gastrostomy, has not been previously reported. An advantage of a retrogastric compared to a ventral approach is that only a single opening of the stomach is needed, which also improves the view of the operation field. Although robotic cystogastrostomy requires anesthesia and may entail increased costs, endoscopic cystogastrostomy with stent is associated with 12% adverse events. [3] Hence, this procedure may be considered as a simultaneous intervention in patients requiring additional procedures such as cholecystectomy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the literature investigating the extrapulmonary outcomes of children with non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and CF under the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the children with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis using the ICF model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children with CF, non-CF bronchiectasis, and healthy counterparts were evaluated (20 participants in each group) according to the ICF items in domain b (body functions), domain s (body structures), and domain d (activities and participation). The pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength tests, and posture analysis were carried out for domain b. For domain d, however, the Glittre-activities of daily living test and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection were used. RESULTS Muscle strength of shoulder abductors and hip extensors in children with CF was significantly lower than healthy children and adolescents (P less then .05). The severity of lateral and posterior postural abnormalities in children with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis was higher than those of healthy children (P less then .05). Among the patient groups, global function, sports/physical function, expectations, transfers/basic mobility, and pain/comfort were the most affected participation dimensions (P less then .05). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for comprehensive up-to-date evaluation methods according to the ICF model for understanding rehabilitation requirements in CF and non-CF bronchiectasis in different age groups. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Acidic virus inactivation is commonly used during production of biotherapeutic products to provide virus safety in case of undetected virus contamination. Accurate pH measurement is required to ensure the product pH reaches a virus-inactivating level (typically 3.5-3.7), and a level post-inactivation that is appropriate for later purification steps (typically 5.5-7.5). During batch low-pH inactivation in discrete tanks, potentiometric glass probes are appropriate for measuring pH. During continuous inactivation for 2-3 weeks in an enclosed product stream, probe calibration drift and lag may lead to poor accuracy, and operational difficulties when compensating for drift. Monitoring the spectral response of compounds (indicators) in the product stream whose spectra are pH-sensitive offers a possible alternative way to measure pH without these drawbacks. Such indicators can already exist in the stream (intrinsic) or can be added (extrinsic). Herein are reported studies evaluating the feasibility of both.Promising ultraviolet screening results with the two extrinsics studied, thiamine and ascorbic acid, led to the addition of both to product stream samples titrated to different potentiometric pH values in the 3.3-4.5 range (a representative range encountered during continuous inactivation), and attempts to model pH using sample ultraviolet spectra. One model, based on variability in six spectral attributes, was able to predict pH of an independent sample set within ±0.07 units at the 95% confidence level. Since a typical inactivating pH tolerance is ±0.1 units, the results show that extrinsic indicators potentially can measure inactivation pH with sufficient accuracy. Suggested future steps and an alternative approach are presented. © 2020 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and current treatments are ineffective or unavailable to majority of patients. Engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) is a promising treatment to restore function to the damaged myocardium; however, for these treatments to become a reality, tissue fabrication must be amenable to scalable production and use in suspension culture. Here, we have developed a low-cost and scalable emulsion-based method for producing ECT microspheres from PEG-fibrinogen encapsulated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Cell-laden microspheres were formed via water-in-oil emulsification; encapsulation occurred by suspending the cells in hydrogel precursor solution at cell densities from 5-60 million cells/mL, adding to mineral oil, and vortexing. Microsphere diameters ranged from 30-570 μm; size variability was decreased by the addition of 2% PEGDA. Initial cell encapsulation density impacted the ability for mESCs to grow and differentiate, with greatest success occurring at higher cell densities. Microspheres differentiated into dense spheroidal ECTs with spontaneous contractions occurring as early as day 10 of cardiac differentiation; furthermore, these ECT microspheres exhibited appropriate temporal changes in gene expression and response to pharmacological stimulus. These results demonstrate the ability to use an emulsion approach to encapsulate pluripotent stem cells for use in microsphere-based cardiac differentiation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2020 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major complication of reperfusion therapy in myocardial infarction. Ischemic myocardium produces a variety of peptides. We recently identified PDRPS7 as a novel peptide in cardiomyocytes that can be induced by hypoxia. However, the role of PDRPS7 is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of PDRPS7 on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury in rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells and NRCMs. We found that PDRPS7 improved cell survival and attenuated lactate dehydrogenase leakage following H/R in H9c2 cells and NRCMs. PDRPS7 also alleviated H/R-induced pulsation reduction in NRCMs. Moreover, H/R-induced cell apoptosis was decreased in the presence of PDRPS7. H/R-induced reactive oxygen species generation was reduced by PDRPS7; in addition, PDRPS7 did not impact H2 O2 -induced cell injury. Signaling analysis demonstrated that H/R increased the phosphorylation levels of JNKs, ERKs, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. However, PDRPS7 only attenuated H/R-induced JNK phosphorylation, but not phosphorylation of ERKs and p38. PDRPS7 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and c-Jun phosphorylation pathways, markedly upregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and inhibiting that of pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Importantly, pharmacological activation of JNKs diminished the protective effect of PDRPS7 in terms of cell survival against H/R stimulation. In summary, our study identified PDRPS7 as a novel cardioprotective peptide against H/R challenge and this action was mediated, at least in part, through inactivation of JNKs. © 2020 The Authors. Published by FEBS Press and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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