Notes

Man made fiber sericin program boosts bone fragments morphogenic protein-2/4 phrase using a toll-like receptor-mediated walkway.
The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process MOPET (EU register number RECYC211), which uses the Polymetrix pellet technology. The input material is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, e.g. bottles, including no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are extruded into pellets, crystallised, preheated and subsequently decontaminated in a solid-state polycondensation (SSP) reactor under high temperature and gas flow. Having examined the challenge tests provided, the Panel concluded that the fourth step, the decontamination in the SSP reactor, is critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of this critical step are temperature, gas speed and residence time. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure a level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not considered to be of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave or conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process LuxPET (EU register number RECYC209), which uses the Polymetrix pellet technology. The input material is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, e.g. bottles, including no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are extruded into pellets, crystallised, preheated and subsequently decontaminated in a solid-state polycondensation (SSP) reactor under high temperature and gas flow. Having examined the challenge tests provided, the Panel concluded that the fourth step, the decontamination in the SSP reactor, is critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of this critical step are temperature, gas speed and residence time. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure a level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not considered to be of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave or conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process NOVAPET (EU register number RECYC216), which uses the Polymetrix pellet technology. The input material is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, e.g. bottles, including no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are extruded into pellets, crystallised, preheated and subsequently decontaminated in a solid-state polycondensation (SSP) reactor under high temperature and gas flow. Having examined the challenge tests provided, the Panel concluded that the fifth step, the decontamination in the SSP reactor, is critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of this critical step are temperature, gas speed and residence time. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure a level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not considered to be of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave or conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.Naringenin (NAR) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory activity. However, the clinical application of NAR is limited by low bioavailability, which is attributed to its poor aqueous solubility. In this study, we aimed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of NAR by formulating it into nanocrystals (NCs) via wet milling. The obtained NARNCs exhibited superior dissolution behaviors, increased cellular uptake, and enhanced transcellular diffusion relative to those of bulk NAR. Oral administration of NARNCs also significantly improved bioavailability in rats. In addition, the NARNCs effectively improved rheumatoid arthritis treatment in collagen-induced arthritic rats by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial damage. These results indicate that NARNCs provides a promising strategy for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.Traumatic spinal cord injury is a fatal acute event without effective clinical therapies. Following the trauma, immediate neural protection and microenvironment mitigation are vitally important for nerve tissue repair, where stem cell-based therapies could be eclipsed by the deficiency of cells due to the hostile microenvironment as well as the transport and preservation processes. Effective emergency strategies are required to be convenient, biocompatible, and stable. Herein, we assess an emergency cell-free treatment using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, which have proven capable of comprehensive mitigation of the inhibitory lesion microenvironment. The clinically validated fibrin glue is utilized to encapsulate the exosomes and in-situ gelates in transected rat spinal cords to provide a substrate for exosome delivery as well as nerve tissue growth. The emergency treatment alleviates the inflammatory and oxidative microenvironment, inducing effective nerve tissue repair and functional recovery. The therapy presents a promising strategy for effective emergency treatment of central nervous system trauma.Metastasis is closely related to the high mortality of cancer patients, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Hence, multiphase blocking of this biological process is beneficial for cancer treatments. Herein, we establish a multifunctional self-delivering system by synthesizing D-α-tocopheryl succinates (TOS)-conjugated chondroitin sulfate (CS) (CT NPs), which both serve as nanocarrier and antimetastatic agent that affects different phases of the metastatic cascade. TOS as the hydrophobic segment of CT NPs can inhibit the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9, while the hydrophilic segment CS targets B16F10 cells through CD44 receptors and reduces the interaction between tumor cells and platelets. The results show that CT NPs are able to inhibit metastasis successfully both in vitro and in vivo by interfering the multiphase of the metastatic cascade. IM156 Following encapsulating chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX), the obtained micelles CT/DOX efficiently suppress both primary-tumor growth and metastases in B16F10 bearing mice. As a result, the rationally designed multifunctional NPs composing of biocompatible materials provide excellent therapeutic effects on solid tumors and metastases.Ferroptosis is a new mode of cell death, which can be induced by Fenton reaction-mediated lipid peroxidation. However, the insufficient H2O2 and high GSH in tumor cells restrict the efficiency of Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis. Herein, a self-supplying lipid peroxide nanoreactor was developed to co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX), iron and unsaturated lipid for efficient ferroptosis. By leveraging the coordination effect between DOX and Fe3+, trisulfide bond-bridged DOX dimeric prodrug was actively loaded into the core of the unsaturated lipids-rich liposome via iron ion gradient method. First, Fe3+could react with the overexpressed GSH in tumor cells, inducing the GSH depletion and Fe2+generation. Second, the cleavage of trisulfide bond could also consume GSH, and the released DOX induces the generation of H2O2, which would react with the generated Fe2+in step one to induce efficient Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis. Third, the formed Fe3+/Fe2+ couple could directly catalyze peroxidation of unsaturated lipids to boost Fenton reaction-independent ferroptosis. This iron-prodrug liposome nanoreactor precisely programs multimodal ferroptosis by integrating GSH depletion, ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, providing new sights for efficient cancer therapy.Carrier-free drug self-delivery systems consisting of amphiphilic drug-drug conjugate (ADDC) with well-defined structure and nanoscale features have drawn much attention in tumor drug delivery. Herein, we report a simple and effective strategy to prepare ADDC using derivatives of cisplatin (CP) and dasatinib (DAS), which further self-assembled to form reduction-responsive nanoparticles (CP-DDA NPs). DAS was modified with succinic anhydride and then connected with CP derivative by ester bonds. The size, micromorphology and in vitro drug release of CP-DDA NPs were characterized. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of these carrier-free nanoparticles were then investigated by HepG2 cells and H22-tumor bearing mice. In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that CP-DDA NPs had excellent anti-tumor activity and significantly reduced toxicities. This study provides a new strategy to design the carrier-free nanomedicine composed of CP and DAS for synergistic tumor treatment.The booming photothermal therapy (PTT) has achieved great progress in non-invasive oncotherapy, and paves a novel way for clinical oncotherapy. Of note, mild temperature PTT (mPTT) of 42-45 °C could avoid treatment bottleneck of the traditional PTT, including nonspecific injury to normal tissues, vasculature and host antitumor immunity. However, cancer cells can resist mPTT via heat shock response and autophagy, thus leading to insufficient mPTT monotherapy to ablate tumor. To overcome the deficient antitumor efficacy caused by thermo-resistance of cancer cells and mono mPTT, synergistic therapies towards cancer cells have been conducted with mPTT. This review summarizes the recent advances in nanomedicine-potentiated mPTT for cancer treatment, including strategies for enhanced single-mode mPTT and mPTT plus synergistic therapies. Moreover, challenges and prospects for clinical translation of nanomedicine-potentiated mPTT are discussed.This review covers extensively the synthesis & surface modification, characterization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles. For biomedical applications, consideration should be given to factors such as design strategies, the synthesis process, coating, and surface passivation. The synthesis method regulates post-synthetic change and specific applications in vitro and in vivo imaging/diagnosis and pharmacotherapy/administration. Special insights have been provided on biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity in a living system, which is imperative for their wider application in biology. These nanoparticles can be decorated with multiple contrast agents and thus can also be used as a probe for multi-mode imaging or double/triple imaging, for example, MRI-CT, MRI-PET. Similarly loading with different drug molecules/dye/fluorescent molecules and integration with other carriers have found application not only in locating these particles in vivo but simultaneously target drug delivery/hyperthermia inside the body.
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