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Probiotics Get a grip on Intestine Microbiota: A powerful Approach to Increase Defense.
3 W/cm2 ultrasound treatment for 0.5 h. The findings here provide new insight into the potential application of ultrasound and AMPs combination in food preservation.N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a nitrosamine, is a typical nitrogenous disinfection byproduct. In this study, NDMA formation potential and mechanism, from tetracycline and oxytetracycline (as model precursors) in an ammonium-contaminating water, were investigated. The results indicated that both monochloramine and dichloramine played a vital role in NDMA formation. Additionally, the determination of NDMA formation potential (NDMA FP) at a wide range of pH showed that the unprotonated tetracycline tended to have a higher NDMA conversion ratio. We also found that the dissociation of hydroxyl on the meta-position of dimethylamine group promoted on NDMA formation. The detection of significant intermediate products showed that N-chloro unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH-Cl) and sequences of chlorine substitution products were key intermediates, indicating that NDMA formation occurred via the UDMH mechanism pathway. These results improve the knowledge on NDMA formation mechanism and the control strategies during the disinfection of ammonium-containing water.Continuing urbanization and significant improvement of lifestyle have ushered in high demand for building floor area, inevitably leading to a rapid increase of interior decoration and renovation activities, which in turn produce a massive quantity of decoration and renovation waste (DRW). However, like many other countries with unremitting demand for building space and infrastructure, China has failed to attach adequate attention to DRW management. Using the yield-per-area method and life cycle assessment approach, this study aims to characterize the generation, flows, management and environmental impacts of DRW from commercial housing in nine cities in the Greater Bay Area (GBA), a highly developed economic zone in China. The results show that the production of DRW in the GBA increased from 0.16 million metric tons (Mt) in 1999 to 2.6 (±10%) Mt in 2018, with an annual growth rate of 16%. Ninety-five percent of the DRW is directly disposed of via simple landfilling. SBE-β-CD cell line Although the recycling rate is relatively low, it still generated a benefit of 119,000 tons CO2eq mitigation in 2018. According to scenario-based analysis, improving the recycling rate and encouraging the use of prefabricated decoration could go a long way toward tackling the DRW problem. These findings can help reveal the full impacts of DRW in the GBA, and also provide a reference for other cities to take action.The contribution of two algae species, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and Cyclotella meneghiniana (C. meneghiniana), to the formation of nitrosamines (NAs) during chloramination in drinking water treatment was investigated. A variety of factors including contact time, algae cell concentration, chloramine dosages, and algal cell components (cell debris (CD), intracellular organic matter (IOM), and extracellular organic matter (EOM)) were evaluated for influencing the formation of different NAs, such as N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDMA), N-Nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), and N-nitrosopyridine (NPyr). In addition, NAs formation from Chlorophyll-a and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) after chloramination was studied. These results showed that the increase of reaction time and algae cell concentration enhanced the formation potential of five types of NAs from both algae species, except for the NDMA formation from C. meneghiniana, which increased first and then decreased with increased reaction time. The generation of NDMA was detected as the dominated type of NAs. The formation of total NAs from both algae species followed same pattern of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of chloramine dosage. The largest NAs formation potential (NAsFP) of M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana showed at 1.5 mM and 1.0 mM monochloramine, respectively. Moreover, the impacts of algae cellular components on the formation potential of NAs followed the order of IOM > EOM ≫ CD and IOM ≫ CD > EOM for M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana, respectively, indicating that IOM was the main source of NAs precursors for both algae. Furthermore, EEM analysis before and after chloramination confirmed that the soluble microbial products (SMPs) and protein-like substances were the main cellular components that contributed to NAs formation for both algae. The NAs formation potential of Microcystin-LR was much higher than that of Chlorophyll-a chloramination.Continuous single tillage has the potential to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and decrease the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC), thus increasing carbon footprints (CFs). However, in a wheat-maize cropping system, limited information was available about the effects of strategic tillage on CFs. Thus, a four-year field experiment was conducted, including continuous rotary tillage (RT), continuous no-till (NT), RT + subsoiling (RS), and NT + subsoiling (NS), to investigate the effects of NS (strategic tillage) on the unit area and unit yield. The results showed that CO2 emission was the highest contributor to CFs (73.92%) in a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system, following the order of NS NS when considering the changes in SOC storage. Therefore, the NS treatment resulted in a higher grain yield and SOC sequestration with lower CFs, and thus, it could be recommended as the best tillage method to achieve sustainable production and environmental balance in a wheat-maize cropping system.Most of the studies on short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in human tissues have focused on human milk and blood. However, little is known about the occurrence of CPs in human hair and nails. In this study, SCCPs and MCCPs were analyzed in 62 pairs of human hair and nails from North China. Median concentrations (range) of SCCPs and MCCPs in human hair were 239 (19.2-877) and 325 (16.9-893) ng/g dw, respectively, all of which were significantly higher than 154 (57.7-355) and 233 (61.0-476) ng/g dw, respectively, in nail samples (p less then 0.05). The homologue profiles of CPs in human hair were similar to those in nails, where SCCPs and MCCPs were dominated by C10Cl6-7 and C14Cl7-8, respectively. A significant positive relationship was observed between CP levels and age of people for hair, whereas negative linear correlations were observed for nails. The redundancy analysis indicated that age of people might be the main influencing factor on the accumulation of CPs in hair and nails. The present study performed comprehensive evaluation of CP exposure levels in human hair and nail and highlights the need for more data on relationship between internal and external exposure to CPs.Super high-density olive groves (>800 trees ha-1) are rapidly expanding in olive oil producer countries, which entails a strong modification of the olive growing system with important agronomic, economic, sociocultural, and environmental consequences. Among them, the latter is particularly unknown. The aim of this paper is to bring the attention on the environmental impacts of super high-density olive groves, by systematically reviewing the current evidence and identifying knowledge gaps yet to be filled. As a result, we can argue that new super high-density olive plantations reduce habitat heterogeneity and complexity, and the younger trees of these plantations impoverish habitat quality for farmland biodiversity. In addition, the high input use (e.g. phytosanitary treatments, fertilisers and water supply) may entail ecological impacts as well. Therefore, we conclude that i) new highly intensive olive groves should be limited to areas with lower ecological value; ii) consumers should have more information concerning how is produced the olive oil they buy, including the environmental impacts produced; iii) agricultural policies should be reformulated following the provider-gets principle; iv) input use (fertilisers, pesticides, water, etc.) should be gradually optimised to reduce the environmental impact; and finally, v) more research is necessary to foster decisions based on science.This article aims at realizing the linear parameter-varying (LPV) controller synthesis to compensate temperature dependence for the ultrasonic motor (USM). link2 Initially, based on the improved optimal frequency tracking scheme, the compact LPV model is investigated to approximate the nonlinear temperature dependence. With the aid of the simulation tool, the accuracy of the proposed LPV model is proven. The LPV controller can be an appropriate choice to ensure the stability of passive nonlinear system. In view of the very strictly passivity (VSP) theorem, the VSP LPV controller is constructed as negative feedback. A set of well-designed experimental setup employed the Shinsei USR60 type USM is built afterwards, and the controller implemented by the host is applied to verify the control effect. Compared with the non-model-based controller, the USM with the proposed controller displays better performance, such as more stable output rotational speed. The feasible model in this paper is of great significance to USM. Particularly, the proposed modeling and control methodology are beneficial to the existing optimum frequency tracking technology for the USM.
Nursing informatics competences (ie. knowledge and skills in electronic and structured documentation) have become a necessary prerequisite for nurses to carry out their professional roles. Therefore, there is a global need to integrate nursing informatics into nursing curricula. In Finland, the requirements to increase nursing informatics education were noted in eHealth strategies in 2015. link3 However, it is not known whether these educational initiatives have succeeded in increasing nursing informatics competences of recent nursing graduates.

To examine whether nurses who graduated after the Finnish educational initiatives have higher nursing informatics competences than nurses who graduated before the initiatives. Additionally, the associations of age, gender, work setting and geographical area with the nurses' informatics competences were examined.

Cross-sectional study.

The study was carried out between October-December 2018 in Finland.

Registered nurses who graduated before (n=931) and after (n=712 educational initiatives seem to have affected favorably on nursing informatics education in Finnish nursing programs and have potentially led to increased nursing informatics competences of recent nursing graduates. The results of this study highlight the importance of educational policies stating the directions and objectives of education programs.
The national eHealth strategies with educational initiatives seem to have affected favorably on nursing informatics education in Finnish nursing programs and have potentially led to increased nursing informatics competences of recent nursing graduates. The results of this study highlight the importance of educational policies stating the directions and objectives of education programs.
In adult patients with myoclonus dystonia (MD), cognitive deficits regarding information processing speed and executive functioning have been demonstrated, but it is unclear whether cognition is also affected in young MD patients. The present study investigates cognition in young MD patients and the role of an SGCE mutation.

In this case control study 20 young MD patients (9 children (5.75-12.58 years) and 11 adolescents/young adults (13.5-25.42 years)) were included and compared to an age-, IQ- and gender-matched healthy control group (n=40). Within the patient group, we compared patients with (n=12) and without (n=8) an SGCE mutation (SGCE+/-). All participants completed neuropsychological tests for memory, attention/processing speed, executive functioning, social cognition and language.

Overall, patients performed in the (low) average range, comparable to healthy controls. Only on a semantic fluency test, patients scored significantly lower. SGCE + patients had lower emotion recognition scores (a social cognition test) compared to SGCE-patients.
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