Notes

Mouth and also gum implications involving tobacco as well as pure nicotine merchandise.
Previous studies have evaluated long-term metabolic and neurocognitive outcomes in offspring of women with diabetes. However, many studies did not differentiate between different types of diabetes. We aimed to specifically evaluate both metabolic and neurocognitive outcomes in offspring of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (OT1D).

We conducted an extensive literature search on PubMed between February 2020 and September 2020. We performed a scoping review including 12 retrospective cohort studies, 15 prospective cohort studies, one case-control study and one cross-sectional study, comparing long-term metabolic and neurocognitive outcomes between OT1D and a control group.

OT1D had a higher body mass index and an increased risk for overweight and obesity compared to offspring of mothers without diabetes. A limited number of studies showed a higher risk for (pre)diabetes, higher rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in OT1D. Index offspring had in general similar intelligence aglycemic control in pregnancy can reduce these long-term complications.
To assess the impact of teleintervention on mental health parameters in type 2 diabetes patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic.

This is a controlled randomized trial for a multidisciplinary telehealth intervention in Southern Brazil, with social distancing measures. Adults aged18years or older with previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were included in the study. The intervention performed was a set of strategies to help patients stay healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic and included the maintainingof telephone contacts and providing educational materials on issues related to mental health, healthy habits, and diabetes care. The primary outcome was a positive screening for mental health disorders (Self-Reporting Questionnaire) after 16weeks of intervention. A positive screening for mental health disorders was considered when the survey scored greater than or equal to 7. Secondary outcomes included a positive screening for diabetes-related emotional distress (Problem Areas in Diabeted emotional distress in adults with type 2 diabetes.
This study demonstrated that maintaining remote connections with health professionals during social distancing and quarantine have the potential to reduce the prevalence of positive screening for mental health disorders and diabetes-related emotional distress in adults with type 2 diabetes.The first year of college may carry especially high risk for onset of alcohol use disorders. We assessed the one-year incidence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) among incoming first-year students, predictors of AUD-incidence, prediction accuracy and population impact. A prospective cohort study of first-year college students (baseline N = 5843; response rate = 51.8%; 1-year follow-up n = 1959; conditional response rate = 41.6%) at a large university in Belgium was conducted. AUD were evaluated with the AUDIT and baseline predictors with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales (CIDI-SC). The one-year incidence of AUD was 3.9% (SE = 0.4). The most important individual-level baseline predictors of AUD incidence were being male (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.12-2.10), a break-up with a romantic partner (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.08-2.59), hazardous drinking (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.31-8.63), and alcohol use characteristics at baseline (ORs between 1.29 and 1.38). Multivariate cross-validated prediction (cross-validated AUC = 0.887) shows that 55.5% of incident AUD cases occurred among the 10% of students at highest predicted risk (20.1% predicted incidence in this highest-risk subgroup). Four out of five students with incident AUD would hypothetically be preventable if baseline hazardous drinking was to be eliminated along with a reduction of one standard deviation in alcohol use characteristics scores, and another 15.0% would potentially be preventable if all 12-month stressful events were eliminated. Screening at college entrance is a promising strategy to identify students at risk of transitioning to more problematic drinking and AUD, thus improving the development and deployment of targeted preventive interventions.
The awareness and treatment of lacrimal gland prolapse (LGP) have been primarily improved with a further understanding of lateral eyelid bulging over the decades. However, for Asian single-eyelid females with LGP, a tailor-made procedure applicable to their comparatively young puffy eyes is needed.

This is a retrospective study. From Jan. 2009 to Jan. 2019, two hundred and three Asian single-eyelid females with LGP, who met the inclusion criteria, underwent double-eyelid surgeries and adjunctive lacrimal gland repositions with preaponeurotic fat transposition. Pertinent demographics, complications, pre-and post-operative photography were collected.

A total of 167 patients completed the 4-24 months' follow-up (average 16.3 months). One hundred and thirty-two cases (79.0%) were diagnosed as LGP preoperatively, and the rest (35/167, 21.0%) were diagnosed intraoperatively. All patients (average 28.4 years old) received modified blepharoplasty. Postoperative symptoms involving local mild pain (2.9%, 5/167), ore, the rearrangement of preaponeurotic fat smoothed the contour transition and preserved the orbital volume. Therefore, this is a safe and effective technique worth recommending.
As an aesthetic surgery, a successful rhinoplasty is often assessed by patient satisfaction, subject to a diverse array of qualitative factors including patient expectations and happiness with care provided. While substantial effort has been dedicated to understanding patients' post-operative concerns, addressing patients' pre-operative questions has been comparatively less studied. This study analysed pre- and post-operative questions about rhinoplasty on social media to gain insights into patients' concerns and develop targeted educational material.

The most viewed rhinoplasty questions on Realself.com, a social media platform for discussions about cosmetic surgeries, were collected and analysed. Questions were then stratified into pre- and post-operative and further assigned categories based on common topics found in the data. Using a machine learning approach, the most common pre- and post-operative questions were determined.

2014 rhinoplasty questions were collected in total, with 957 pre-operatives or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. H-151 datasheet For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Because it medializes the centreof rotation, one of the drawbacks of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is the risk of impingement between the humerus and lateral border of the scapula resulting in scapular notching. The long-term impact of this notching is not well known, either on function or the risk of glenoid loosening. The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the drawbacks of this notching.

Between 1993 and 2006, 81 patients (91 shoulders) underwent RSA for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis or massive cuff tear with or without osteoarthritis. This cohort was followed longitudinally with post-operative assessments done at one to two years (T1), three to eight years (T2), and nine+ years (T3). Before T3, 25 patients had died, nine were lost to follow-up, five had the implants changed, and seven had incomplete records. Thus, 45 shoulders were available for follow-up beyond nine years (mean follow-up of 12 years) and were used to determine the long-term impact of notching. Survival curves wers with grade 3 or 4 notching increases steadily up to the longest follow-up. Grade 4 notching always preceded the occurrence of late glenoid loosening. The functional outcomes become significantly worse after the 9th year post-RSA, although they were not correlated to the presence of high-grade scapular notching.
This study employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare brain volumes of discordant twins and examined their neurodevelopment after birth by using a validated exam.

A prospective historical cohort study of discordant dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) or monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin fetuses, who undergone an MRI scan to evaluate growth restriction in the discordant twin (weight < 10
centile) during 6 years period, at a single tertiary center. Twenty-seven twin pairs were included in the volumetric study and 17 pairs were included in the neurodevelopmental outcome examination. The volumes of the supratentorial brain region, both hemispheres, eyes, and the cerebellum were measured by 3D MRI semi-automated volume measurements. Volumes were plotted on normal growth curves and discordance was compared between weight at birth and brain structure volumes. Neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated using the VABS-II questionnaire at a mean age of 4.9 years.

The volume of major brain structures wasyears.
• Weight discordance at birth was significantly greater compared to intrauterine brain volume discordance measured by 3D MRI. • Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses preserve brain development. • In highly discordant twins, there was no long-term difference in neurodevelopmental outcome at a mean age of 4.9 years.
To better assess clinical trajectories of patients with or without ocular comorbidity after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

To report on the outcomes of eyes with differing starting conditions following surgery.

Retrospective study at a University Eye Hospital.

361 eyes separated into group 1 (n=229; eyes with endothelial disease only) and group 2 (n=132; eyes with additional ocular comorbid conditions, such as herpetic eye disease 18/132 (13.6%), glaucoma 16/132 (12.1%), dry age-related macular degeneration 14/132 (10.6%), epiretinal membranes 10/132 (7.6%), and wet age-related macular degeneration 9/132 (6.8%)).

Consecutive eyes that underwent Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty over a follow-up period of up to 7 years at a tertiary referral center were reviewed. Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, postoperative complications, graft survival, central corneal thickness, and endothelial cell density.

Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity at year 1 improudies are required.
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been introduced as a less invasive alternative to multi-port laparoscopic surgery (MLS). MLS is widely accepted for the treatment of colorectal cancer, but there remains minimal evidence for the use of SILS. Thus, we compared both short- and long-term outcomes of SILS and open surgery (OS) in matched cohorts of colorectal cancer patients.

Some 910 patients had colorectal resections for cancer between 2006 and 2013, and 134 of them were operated on using SILS. Eighty of these SILS patients were compared to a cohort of patients who had open surgery that were matching in tumour stage and location, type of resection, sex, age and ASA Score. Disease-free survival at 5 years (5y-DFS) was the primary endpoint; morbidity and hospitalization were secondary parameters. The role of surgical training in SILS was also investigated.

Clavien Dindo ≥ IIIb complications occurred in 13.8% in both groups. 5y-DSF were 82% after SILS and 70% after OS (p = 0.11). Local recurrence after rectal cancer tended to be lower after SILS (0/43 (SILS) vs.
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