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Background Diagnosis and treatment of small saphenous vein (SSV) insufficiency is of utmost importance for relieving chronic venous insufficiency symptoms. Objectives To investigate the efficacy and safety of five different treatment approaches among patients with SSV insufficiency. Design and setting Two-center retrospective clinical study, conducted at cardiovascular surgery clinics in a local training and research hospital and a state hospital. Methods A total of 282 extremities of 268 patients with SSV insufficiency alone who were treated for symptomatic varicose veins between January 2012 and January 2017 were included in the study. All extremities included in the study were divided into five groups as follows high ligation + stripping; radiofrequency ablation (RFA); cyanoacrylate closure (CAC); and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) at the wavelengths 980 nm and 1,470 nm. Results Although the recurrence rate at six months was similar among the treatment groups, we found significant differences in recurrence rates at one year, with lower rates in the CAC, RFA and 1,470 nm EVLA groups, compared with the other treatments (P = 0.005). No sural neuritis was observed in the CAC group. The pigmentation rate was higher in the two EVLA groups (980 nm and 1,470 nm). Conclusions Our study results showed that although CAC, RFA and EVLA at 1,470 nm seemed to be effective methods for treating SSV insufficiency alone, CAC and RFA had better aesthetic results than EVLA at 1,470 nm. We consider that endovenous non-thermal techniques for treating SSV insufficiency may be preferable because of relatively low risk of nerve injury.Background Exposure to particulate material produced as a result of increased agricultural activity may increase the number of pneumonia hospitalizations among children. OTS964 TOPK inhibitor We hope to contribute to the knowledge base through highlighting the environmental mechanisms involved in this outcome and optimizing pollutant control policies. Objectives To investigate the association between pneumonia hospitalizations among children and presence of environmental pollutants in a town in the Brazilian Legal Amazon region. Design and setting Time series study conducted in the town of Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. Methods A total of 158 children aged 0 to 10 years participated in the study. Data on environmental variables and pollutants were extracted daily through the Coupled Chemistry-Aerosol-Tracer Transport model coupled to Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CCATT-BRAMS). Meteorological data were provided by the Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies Center (CPTEC). Results There was greater frequency of pneumonia hospitalizations in the months of transition between the rainy and dry seasons, with a prevalence ratio 2.4 times higher than in other periods. For environmental pollutants, there was a significant positive correlation between particulate matter (PM2.5) and pneumonia hospitalizations (correlation 0.11), with more admissions on the days when PM2.5 levels were highest (averages of 6.6 µg/m3 when there were no admissions and 13.11 µg/m3 on days with two or more admissions). Conclusions The higher the PM2.5 level was, the greater the frequency of hospitalizations also was. Children living in peripheral areas had higher prevalence of pneumonia hospitalizations in the dry period than those who were living in the town center.Background Breast cancer worries are important determinants in relation to behavior favoring breast cancer screening. Objective To determine the effect of theory-based training to promote breast cancer screening among women with high and low levels of breast cancer worries. Design and setting Randomized controlled trial, conducted in two family health centers. Methods In total, 285 women were recruited. Women with low levels of breast cancer worries were included in the first intervention group (112 women) and the first control group (112 women), while women with high levels of breast cancer worries were included in the second intervention group (37 women) and the second control group (43 women). Theory-based training to promote breast cancer screening was given to intervention groups. The women's willingness to undergo breast cancer screening and breast cancer worry scores were evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months. Results The women in the low cancer-worry intervention group performed breast self-examination more in months 1 and 6 following the training, and the women in the high cancer-worry control group performed breast self-examination more in month 3 (P 0.05). Conclusion The level of worry did not affect the success of theory-based training, and the training was partially effective with regard to willingness to undergo breast cancer screening.Background Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are at risk of malnutrition, but few studies have described the changes in nutritional status during the different phases of chemotherapy. Objective To evaluate changes in nutritional status, food intake and appetite-regulating hormones among children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the first phase of chemotherapy. Design and setting Cohort study developed in the pediatric oncology departments of two hospitals in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Methods Fourteen children/adolescents (mean age of 7 years; 50% female) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were monitored over the 28 days of an induction chemotherapy cycle. Anthropometric measurements, 24-hours food weight records and appetite-regulating hormone levels (ghrelin, leptin, insulin and cortisol) were obtained at three different times (before, in the middle and at the end of the induction phase). Results Most of the patients (85.7%) had normal weight at the beginning of the treatment, and this did not change significantly during the 28 days. Energy and nutrient intakes improved from the start of the treatment to the midpoint, according to the ghrelin levels (from 511.1 ± 8.3 to 519.3 ± 6.6 pg/ml; P = 0.027). Other appetite-regulating hormones did not present changes. Conclusion Food consumption improves during the first phase of treatment, without alterations in anthropometric nutritional status.
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