Notes

Complementing expectations by way of key standard bank predictions.
Here we review relevant but limited published articles found in the literature addressing the diabetes care gap in the LatinX community utilizing cost effective, novel and culturally sensitive strategies and reinforce the importance of continued work and publications on this very important field.
Although telemedicine and telehealth services have been a part of type 1 diabetes (T1D) clinical care for several decades, the expansion of in-home telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased interest in long-term use as part of routine care. This review highlights the current literature regarding telemedicine in T1D care as well as the benefits and barriers to use in a postpandemic world.

Telemedicine has increased patient contact with healthcare providers, allowing for more frequent insulin dose adjustments and improvements in glycemic outcomes. In addition to routine clinical care, T1D device training and mental healthcare have been successful through telemedicine. Significant barriers to continued telemedicine care exist, including patient access and technology knowledge, language, and loss of face-to-face interaction. Healthcare providers additionally face unpredictable reimbursement and loss of continuity across state lines, and lack of resources and training for device downloads and telemedicine software.

Telemedicine can be successfully used in T1D care and has the potential to significantly impact glycemic and long-term outcomes. Due to continued interest for in-person visits by people with T1D and providers, it is likely that long-term telemedicine use will include a hybrid format.
Telemedicine can be successfully used in T1D care and has the potential to significantly impact glycemic and long-term outcomes. Due to continued interest for in-person visits by people with T1D and providers, it is likely that long-term telemedicine use will include a hybrid format.Even though the effect of several factors on sit-to-stand (STS) performance of children with CP has been previously explored, the potential role of lower extremity selective control, trunk control and sitting function on the performance of STS has not been examined. This study aimed to investigate the association of trunk control and lower extremity selective motor control with STS performance in children with CP. We recruited 28 children with CP aged between 4 and 10 years whose Gross Motor Function Classification System levels were I and II and 32 age-matched typically developing (TP) children. Trunk control, sitting function, selective control of the lower extremities and STS were evaluated with Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), sitting section of Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE) and the STS outcomes of a force platform [weight transfer time, rising index, and center of gravity (COG) sway velocity], respectively. In all evaluations, children with CP demonstrated lower scores than TD children. A moderate correlation was found between total scores of TCMS, GMFM-88 sitting section scores and COG sway velocity during STS and a fair correlation between SCALE total scores and COG sway velocity in the CP group ( r = -0.51, r = -0.52, r = -0.39, respectively). A fair correlation was found between SCALE total scores and the weight transfer time during STS in children with CP ( r = -0.39). Based on these results, improving trunk and lower extremity selective control may enhance STS performance in children with CP.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction programs led by a nurse/community health worker team are effective in urban settings. This strategy has not been adequately tested in rural settings.

A pilot study was conducted to examine the feasibility of implementing an evidence-based CVD risk reduction intervention adapted to a rural setting and evaluate the potential impact on CVD risk factors and health behaviors.

A 2-group, experimental, repeated-measures design was used; participants were randomized to a standard primary care group (n = 30) or an intervention group (n = 30) where a registered nurse/community health worker team delivered self-management strategies in person, by phone, or by videoconferencing. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. A sample of 60 participants was recruited and retained in the study.

In-person (46.3%) and telephone (42.3%) meetings were used more than the videoconferencing application (9%). Mean change at 3 months differed significantly between the i rural populations is warranted.
Multiple biochemical and biophysical approaches have been broadly used for detection and quantitation of posttranslational protein modifications associated with diabetic bone, yet these techniques present a variety of challenges. In this review, we discuss recent advancements and complementary roles of analytical (UPLC/UPLC-MS/MS and ELISA) and biophysical (Raman and FTIR) techniques used for characterization of glycation products, measured from bone matrix and serum, and provide recommendations regarding the selection of a technique for specific study of diabetic bone.

Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes contribute to the formation of a large subgroup of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) known as glycoxidation end products (AGOEs). AGEs/AGOEs have various adverse effects on bone health. Commonly, accumulation of AGEs/AGOEs leads to increased bone fragility. For example, recent studies show that carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pentosidine (PEN) are formed in bone at higher levels in certain diseases and metabolic conditions, in particular, in diabetes and aging. Detection and quantitation of AGEs/AGOEs in rare and/or precious samples is feasible because of a number of technological advancements of the past decade.

Recent technological advancements have led to a significant improvement of several key analytical biochemistry and biophysics techniques used for detection and characterization of AGEs/AGOEs in bone and serum. Their principles and applications to skeletal tissue studies as well as limitations are discussed in this review.
Recent technological advancements have led to a significant improvement of several key analytical biochemistry and biophysics techniques used for detection and characterization of AGEs/AGOEs in bone and serum. Their principles and applications to skeletal tissue studies as well as limitations are discussed in this review.
Research to understand self-care behaviors increasingly engages patient-caregiver dyads. However, collecting data on dyads requires both members to complete the research protocol, potentially resulting in biased information if caregivers who do not participate differ from caregivers who do.

The aim of the study was to examine how recruitment conditions and patients' appraisal of dyadic engagement in heart failure management are related to caregiver participation across two research studies.

We used logistic regression to examine whether recruitment strategy and patients' responses on the dyadic symptom management-type instrument were associated with caregivers' participation.

Caregivers not present at the initial recruitment were less likely to participate in the study. Regardless of recruitment strategy, caregivers were less likely to participate if the patient indicated primary responsibility for heart failure management. In the restricted recruitment study (recruiting both dyad members simultaneously), caregiver participation was significantly higher when patients selected a collaborative-oriented care type relative to patient- or caregiver-oriented type.

Instruments assessing dyad-level information could aid researchers in deploying resources at recruitment, as well as in adjusting results for data that could bias results and conclusions. Our findings support the importance of considering the recruitment strategy as well as dyadic care type as part of the recruitment process.
Instruments assessing dyad-level information could aid researchers in deploying resources at recruitment, as well as in adjusting results for data that could bias results and conclusions. ODM208 Our findings support the importance of considering the recruitment strategy as well as dyadic care type as part of the recruitment process.
Recent work using immunopeptidomics and deconvolution of the antigenic reactivity of islet-infiltrating CD8+ T cells has expanded our knowledge about the autoimmune target epitopes of type 1 diabetes. The stem-like properties of autoimmune CD8+ T cells have also been described. We here propose a possible link between these findings.

Weak major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-binding epitopes list among the major targets of human islet-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, likely resulting in low peptide-MHC presentation that delivers weak T-cell receptor (TCR) signals, especially in the face of low-affinity autoimmune TCRs. These weak TCR signals may favor the maintenance of the partially differentiated stem-like phenotype recently described for islet-reactive CD8+ T cells in the blood and pancreatic lymph nodes. These weak TCR signals may also be physiological, reflecting the need for self-peptide-MHC contacts to maintain homeostatic T-cell survival and proliferation. These features may underlie the universal state of benign autoimmunity that we recently described, which is characterized by islet-reactive, naïve-like CD8+ T cells circulating in all individuals.

These observations provide novel challenges and opportunities to develop circulating T-cell biomarkers for autoimmune staging. Therapeutic halting of islet autoimmunity may require targeting of stem-like T cells to blunt their self-regeneration.
These observations provide novel challenges and opportunities to develop circulating T-cell biomarkers for autoimmune staging. Therapeutic halting of islet autoimmunity may require targeting of stem-like T cells to blunt their self-regeneration.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to the development and impact of chronic pain in adulthood. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ACEs in a treatment-seeking sample of adults with chronic pain and the relationship between number and type(s) of ACEs and pain-related outcomes.

Adults (N=1794) presenting for treatment at a multidisciplinary pain management center completed self-report measures of childhood adversity, pain, functioning, emotional distress, and adjustment to pain.

Participants endorsing ≥4 ACEs had significantly worse pain-related outcomes and lower quality of life compared with individuals reporting fewer ACEs. Having ≥3 ACEs was associated with higher anxiety and depression levels. Experiences of childhood neglect negatively affected mental health-related outcomes independent of the number of ACEs. Significant sex differences were found in the number and type of ACEs reported but not in the relationship between ACEs and outcome variables.

Findings suggest that the number and the type of self-reported ACE(s) are associated with pain-related variables and psychosocial functioning in adults with chronic pain. The results highlight the importance of assessment of ACEs and trauma-informed care with patients with chronic pain.
Findings suggest that the number and the type of self-reported ACE(s) are associated with pain-related variables and psychosocial functioning in adults with chronic pain. The results highlight the importance of assessment of ACEs and trauma-informed care with patients with chronic pain.
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